This thesis provides an empirical investigation on how different public listing locations affect the CEO (chief executive officer)’s pay of Chinese SOEs (State Owned Enterprises) and whether such a pay differential would in turn affect the listing location choice by those firms, which have not received much attention in the current literature. In particular, we focus on two stock markets, the mainland (including Shenzhen and Shanghai) A-share market and Hong Kong H-share market. Unlike what have been found in many other markets, where firms listed in the foreign markets can normally enjoy a price premium, Chinese firms listed in the Hong Kong market (H-share) usually face a discount in prices comparing to what they can get in the domestic stock markets (A-share). So it is a real puzzle why they are eager to be listed in Hong Kong. Explanations have been sought in the past regarding to access to international capital markets and reputation or image effects for the Chinese firms. Our study contributes to the current oversea-listing literature by examining CEOs’ personal factors that affect listing location choice of SOEs in China. In this thesis, we aim to examine the association between CEO’s pay and different listing locations. Our sample covers all the Chinese listed SOEs in both A-share and H-share over the period of 1990-2009. First, we examined the effect of different listing locations on CEO’s pay and found that a positive CEO’s pay differential exists for H-share listing other things being equal, which means a wage premium for H-share CEOs. Furthermore, our evidences also support the hypothesis that such a wage premium does provide an incentive for CEOs to choose to list in Hong Kong.

No description available.

This diploma work deals with manufacturing technology of a turbine wheel. In first part is introduced description of equipment used for reverse engineering. In next part are clamping possibilities for cutting operations. The part of this diploma thesis is verification of a semi-product using ATOS system and proposal of establishment and clamping. Purpose of the work is technology preparation and production of clamping device for milling by the machining centre MCV 1210.

This work has been devoted to tailoring of inventory management model for a selected material group within company Tyco Electronics Czech, s.r.o. It focuses on free area of purchasing, i.e. planning of purchases, material procurement and inventory management. This work analyses most painful problems and suggests walls how to overcome those problems. The main contribution of the work lies in material cost reduction and consequent volume reduction of capitalized inventories. Production down times based on the lack of packaging materials should be also reduced.

The South African government announced in 2008 that it intends to promote South Africa as a suitable company headquarter jurisdiction for investment in Africa in general and the sub-Sahara region in particular. The 2010 Taxation Laws Amendment Bill introduced a number of tax changes to lure headquarter companies to South Africa. The new South African headquarter company regime attempts to attract foreign direct investment through these changes. The government plans to make South Africa a gateway for African investments. In order to achieve this goal the regulatory, economic and legal frameworks need to be suitable for international investment. This study analyses the tax characteristics of an ideal holding company regime and investigate the importance that is placed on tax considerations compared to non-tax considerations by companies when faced with investment decision making and whether tax is a primary driver of such decisions. A single source ethnographic case study is used to analyse the process followed by an organisation, and the considerations used by the key decision makers within this organisation, for setting up a holding company in South Africa to drive an investment and business expansion. The case study consists of an investigation into the process followed, the strategy formulated and the structuring of the business for making the investment in selected African countries. It further investigates where the ultimate holding company will be located as a headquarter company for all further Africa business expansion. It was found that the tax considerations are mainly a favourable capital gains tax regime, low income taxes, no or low tax on dividends, a favourable tax treaty network, the absence of controlled foreign company legislation and a liberal thin capitalisation and transfer pricing regime. Non-tax factors also play a significant role in decision making when considering the investment destination. These factors include: economic and political stability; adequate physical, business, accounting and legal infrastructure; the absence (or limited presence) of bureaucratic obstacles; adequate communication channels; the ability to repatriate profits freely; an effective banking system; and the availability of an adequate dispute resolution mechanism. There is a definite distinction between tax specific strategies where enterprises are set up to take advantage of tax incentives provided by certain jurisdictions and where an investment decision is taken and aligned with business decisions to align these strategies to take advantage of a favourable tax regime Jurisdictions that only concentrate on tax incentives will find it difficult to attract foreign direct investment. Decision makers that are held responsible for investors’ capital will take tax as well as non-tax aspects into account when deciding to invest in a country and to set up holding company in that jurisdictions. It is therefore important for a jurisdiction to provide an environment that is conducive to do business in order to attract foreign direct investment. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / lmchunu2014 / Taxation / unrestricted

»Agrobench Sachsen« steht für eine einzelbetriebliche Stärken- und Schwächenanalyse landwirtschaftlicher Unternehmen. Für sächsische Unternehmen wurde eine Online-Datenbank entwickelt, um sich anhand des Jahresabschlusses mit anderen Unternehmen und den Richtwerten aus der Branche hinsichtlich der Produktivität, Liquidität, Rentabilität und Stabilität zu vergleichen. Die Nutzer können sich an den Bestwerten der Benchmark messen. Mit der neuen Online-Lösung wurden die bisherigen Methoden zur Betriebsbeurteilung in ihrer Aussagekraft und anschaulichen Darstellung erheblich verbessert.

The paper shows standard circuits with load reactive and non load reactive counterbalance valves. A Matlab simulation based on a linear model for the circuit with load reactive counterbalance valves shows what parameters have a significant influence on the stability of the system. The most important parameters of the counterbalance valve that influence the stability are pilot gain and relief gain. The factors describe how pilot pressure and load pressure affect the flow across the counterbalance valve. A new counterbalance valve (patent pending) has the pilot gain and relief gain required for stability only in operating ranges that require the parameters for stability. When the load is not moving or the counterbalance valve is not required for positive (non overrunning) loads, the new valve has a higher pilot ratio, which means that the valve opens further at lower inlet pressures. The new counterbalance valves saves about 30% power compared with a standard counterbalance valve that has the same parameters for stability when it is lowering an overrunning load. The standard counterbalance can be replaced with the new load adaptive valve in the same cavity. The paper shows test results and the design of the valve.

Bakgrund: I svenska barnsjukvården är barnkonventionen lag för att sjukvården ska bedrivas på barnets villkor. När barnsjukvården inte sker på barnets villkor påverkar det barnets välmående. För att kunna bemöta barnets behov behöver sjuksköterskan kunskap om barnets utveckling. Kommunikationen behöver ske individuellt och på barnets mognadsnivå för att främja barnets hälsa. Om detta inte sker kan det leda till situationer där barnet inte förstår. Detta kan ge uttryck i protester som kan leda till att metoder som fasthållning används. Det är viktigt att barnet förstår sin situation och känner sig trygg. Det är sjuksköterskans uppgift att involvera barnet och familjen i vården samt försäkra sig om att barnet förstår vad som ska ske.  Motiv: Fasthållning används fortfarande inom barnsjukvården trots att det strider mot lagen. Författarna vill undersöka varför detta sker och studera hur barnets delaktighet kan främjas i vården. Syfte: Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att göra barn 1–18 år delaktiga vid procedurer. Metod: Strukturerade enkäter besvarades av sjuksköterskor (n=9) från åtta barnkliniker i Sverige. Insamlad data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter av att göra barn delaktiga vid procedurer kunde upplevas som både svårt och enkelt. Det framkommer att sjuksköterskorna har bra erfarenheter av när vården sker på barnets villkor, men också dåliga erfarenheter där fasthållning sker mot barnets vilja. Resultatet har två huvudkategorier; När trygghet  främjas utifrån barnets villkor och När barnets delaktighet förminskas. Dessa kategorier fördes samman till ett tema; Kommunikation är vägen till delaktighet. Konklusion: Fasthållning kan undvikas när arbetsförhållandena, resurser, sjuksköterskans inställning och kunskap fungerar optimalt. / Background: In pediatric care in Sweden is the Convention on the Rights of the Child a law for the care to be done on child terms. When pediatric care isn't provided at the child's term it affects the child's well-being. To be able to meet the child's needs, the nurse´s knowledge of the child's development is needed. Communication needs to be done individually and at the child's maturity level in order to promote the child's health. If not, it can come to situations where the child doesn't understand. Which can lead to the child protesting and then decisions of restraining the child. It´s important that the child understands the situation and feel safe. It´s the nurse's role to involve the child and family and to make sure that the child understands what will happen. Motive: Restraining in pediatric healthcare is still performed even though it´s contrary to the law. The authors want to investigate why this occurs and how the child's participation can be promoted in their care. Aim: Nurse´s experiences of making the children aged 1-18 participate in procedures.  Methods: Structured questionnaires were answered by nurses (n = 9) from eight pediatric clinics in Sweden. Collected data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis.  Result: The nurses' experiences of making the children participate in procedures could be perceived as difficult and easy. It appears that the nurses have good experiences of when care is at the child's terms and bad experiences when restraining the child against their will. The result has two main categories; When safety is created on the child's terms and When the child's participation is reduced. These categories were brought together into a theme; Communication is the path to participation. Conclusion: Restraint can be avoided when working conditions, resources, the nurse's attitude and knowledge work optimally.

Un défi de la modélisation des cultures est de comprendre et de reproduire les hétérogénéités de développement de la végétation à l'échelle du pédon afin de prédire le rendement. Le but de ce travail est de proposer une méthode de spatialisation des modèles de culture par la spatialisation des données d'entrée, notamment de la réserve utile, pour reproduire les hétérogénéités observées au sein d'un petit sous-bassin versant. Ce travail a été mené en 3 étapes : (1) calage du modèle STICS au contexte local (2) spatialisation des entrées du modèle par une méthode dérivée desapproches SCORPAN et (3) évaluation des simulations spatialisées avec STICS. Préalablement à la spatialisation des données d'entrée du modèle STICS, il était nécessaire d'identifier quels étaient les déterminants des hétérogénéités de végétation observéesau sein du sous-bassin versant expérimental étudié. Pour cela un travail préliminaire a conduit à délimiter les situations pouvant être reproduites par le modèle et les variables pouvant être spatialisées ainsi que de définir une stratégie optimale pour spatialiser les entrées. Sur cette base, une méthodologie de travail a pu être définie pour évaluer et paramétrer le modèle sans spatialisation (approche locale) dans un contexte de sols ayant des propriétés vertiques. Cette particularité des sols locaux nécessite d'établir un nouveau domaine de validité du modèle, compte tenu des hypothèses indispensables (processus considérés comme négligeables) pour simuler dans ce contexte. Par ailleurs, le protocole utilisé pour déterminer la réserve utile a nécessité d'établir la manière dont l'incertitude de la mesure se propageait dans le modèle. Ainsi, grâce à ce travail de spatialisation statistique des mesures, le modèle STICS a pu être utilisé sur des mailles de 8 x 8 m pour simuler le développement de végétation sur tout le sous-bassin versant étudié. / One of the challenges in crop modelling is to understand and be able to reproduce heterogeneities in crop development at intra-plot scale in order to better predict the yield. The aim of this work was to suggest a method for spatializing the input data of crop models, in particular the water stock accessible to plants, in order to reproduce the differences in crop development within a subwatershed. This work was carried out in 3 main steps: (1) adaptationof the STICS crop model to the local context, (2) spatialization of the inputs by the spatial correlation method (SCORPAN-like method) and (3) evaluation of the simulated spatialization with STICS model. Prior to spatialization step, it was necessary to identify the determinants of vegetation heterogeneities observed within the experimental subwatershed. A preliminary study led to delimit the situations that could be reproduced by the model and to identify variables that could be spatialized as well as to define an optimal strategy to spatialize the inputs. Based on this, a methodological work was established to evaluate and parameterize the model without spatialization (local approach) in a context of soils with vertisolic properties. Particularity of local soils properties underlined the need to define a new domain of model validity. Moreover, the protocol used to measure water holding capacity, implied a needful and important step that was to determine the propagation of measurement uncertainty in the model. Finally, thanks to statistical spatialization of measurements, STICS model was used on 8 x 8 m meshes to simulate vegetation development on the whole studied subwatershed.

No description available.