Book Summary: Uniquely focused on the teacher-student dynamic, the Psychology of Classroom Learning: An Encyclopedia examines the fundamental psychological aspects of learning such as cognition, motivation, and emotion, as well as individual and environmental factors at work in the classroom. Teachers, school psychologists, those studying developmental and school psychology and the general reader will find nearly 300 alphabetically arranged essays examining how instruction and learning are affected by factors such as classroom management, multiculturalism, learning styles, home schooling, peer relationships, school culture, discipline, self-esteem, socioeconomic status, and more. In addition to these topical essays, biographical entries on leaders in educational psychology are included. This two-volume encyclopedia also offers statistical information in the form of charts and sidebars, synopses of recent research specific to essay topics, and images. Extensive cross-references, a glossary, and subject index are included.

Homeschooling is a dynamic learning and living community producing a growing percentage of our nation*s college-ready students. Serious academic studies of homeschooling remain scarce, and those that exist tend to come out of sociology and anthropology. Through an analysis of the literacy practices that constitute the work of homeschooling, this study offers findings and conclusions relevant to current discourses in the fields of literacy studies and rhetoric and composition. These include discussions on the ways technology is reshaping and individualizing traditional models of literacy learning and composing, as well as the growing research on the specific actions taken by literacy brokers when mediating mainstream literacy practices to novices. This study borrows theoretical and methodological concepts provided by the New Literacy Studies in order to understand the ways in which two homeschool families with high school students learn and practice various literacies. Data collection methods included interviews, observations, and participant-produced literacy logs. I took an ecological approach to data analysis that required identifying the specific literacy practices and events of the participants and attempting to situate them within the context of the homeschooling movement and culture at large. A primary finding of the study is that homeschool mothers* role in their students* literacy practices often resembles the work of what scholars term literacy brokers. These mothers actively mediate a wide variety of mainstream or institutional practices and values to their children. While current discussions of literacy brokers detail their actions of advocacy,guidance, and assistance, this study contributes to our understanding of literacy brokers by highlighting homeschool mothers* actions of delegation and customization within the mediation process.

The contemporary homeschooling movement sits at the intersection of several important social trends: widespread concern about the effectiveness and safety of public schools, feminist challenges to the patriarchal family structure, anxiety about the state of the family as an institution, and challenging economic conditions. The central concern of this dissertation is to make sense of homeschooling within this broader context. Data were gathered through interviews with forty-five homeschooling parents, approximately half of whom are religious and half of whom are secular. The interviews were organized around three central questions: 1) What are the frames that parents use to justify homeschooling? 2) What are their particular tactics or methods for homeschooling? 3) What are the components of homeschoolers' collective identity? I argue that homeschooling bears the imprint of broader changes regarding the gender system and contemporary family life, as well as other economic and cultural changes. Both religious and secular parents come to homeschooling out of shared concerns about schools being ineffective and incapable of catering to their children's individual needs. They also share concerns about the state of the family and the general moral decline of society. Religious and secular parents differ in their actual practice of homeschooling, depending on their particular conceptions of childhood, but they are alike in the fact that it is women who do most of the homeschooling work. These parents are also different in their collective identities. Religious parents regard homeschooling as just something they do. However, secular parents characterize homeschooling as part of who they are as moral people and this compels them to employ various strategies of identity work. In the end, I argue that this movement is unlikely to contribute to meaningful social change. I base this conclusion on the fact that the homeschooling movement contains two major contradictions: 1) This movement is simultaneously resisting one alleged failing institution - schools - while reproducing another highly criticized institution - the patriarchal nuclear family. 2) This movement offers individual solutions to social problems. While the participants have many concerns about social institutions, their answer is to withdraw their participation and retreat into their own families.

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The gap between actual and expected use of technology in education prompted an exploration of my suspicions that human thoughts, feelings, and experiences with technology are central to the problem. While many internal factors influence teachers, this study explores the impact Lankshear and Knobel's mindsets have on teachers' decisions to implement digital technologies in education. Specifically I ask how mindsets about knowledge production and technology are mediators of, and mediated by, the activity of literacy teaching and learning in homeschooling environments. I reached over a hundred homeschooling parents through network sampling and a hundred parents submitted a survey designed to place them in one of four quadrants on a grid, assigning them a Mindset 1 rating and Mindset 2 rating. I randomly selected volunteers for each quadrant. I coded and analyzed nineteen interviews according the elements in the Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) heuristic and Lankshear and Knobel's mindsets. Findings indicate that mindsets do mediate technology use in literacy teaching; educators with high Mindset 1 (M1) ratings engage in more traditional educational methods, using technology for enhancing traditional literacy practices. Educators with high Mindset 2 (M2) ratings only implement technology for transformative practices if they also hold a low M1 rating. Regarding transformative use of technology (an M2 outcome), educational institutions must decide whether they want technology to transform instructional processes, literacy outcomes, or products or both. / Teaching & Learning

A presente tese tem como finalidade compreender a natureza, os fundamentos e as condições históricas segundo as quais, no Brasil e no mundo, vem se desenvolvendo um movimento social integrado por pais e diversos outros agentes públicos e privados pelo qual procuram garantir e realizar a educação de crianças e adolescentes de modo desescolarizado, por meio de modos e técnicas que não se identificam com o modo escolarizado de educar, mas sim com um modo integrado de educação afinado com as possibilidades atuais do processo de ensino-aprendizagem e o atendimento das necessidades globais das crianças e adolescentes, visando o pleno desenvolvimento de suas personalidades e potencialidades segundo um sentido de formação da pessoa humana dentro de parâmetros valorizados por crenças do tipo não materialista. Além disso, oferece uma reflexão sobre os marcos constitucionais e legais que atualmente orientam a doutrina e a jurisprudência brasileiras quanto ao direito à educação de crianças e adolescentes, demonstrando que, com fundamento nos direitos humanos fundamentais que foram sendo assegurados desde os primórdios das revoluções liberais nas constituições do mesmo jaez, bem como nas declarações internacionais de direitos humanos aplicáveis à esfera da garantia dos direitos da criança e do adolescente, a Educação Familiar Desescolarizada mostra-se constitucional e desejável, não havendo motivo fundado para que o Estado brasileiro a proíba. Finalmente, oferece diretrizes gerais tanto no sentido da legalização e regulamentação da Educação Familiar Desescolarizada no Brasil quanto no sentido de uma abordagem educacional integrada que leve em conta as dimensões física, intelectual, moral social e espiritual da pessoa ainda em desenvolvimento, de modo coerente com os motivos que fundamentam a opção dos pais pelo modelo desescolarizado de educar. / This thesis aims to understand the nature, the foundations and historical conditions under which, in Brazil and in the world, is developing an social movement integrated by parents and various other public and private actors which seek to ensure the education and conduct children and adolescents deschooling mode through methods and techniques that do not identify with the educated way to educate, but more in tune with an integrated mode of education with the current possibilities of the teaching-learning process and the care of global needs children and adolescents, aiming to fully develop their personalities and capabilities according to a direction of formation of the human person within the parameters valued by beliefs not materialistic. Moreover, it offers a reflection on the constitutional and legal framework currently guiding doctrine and jurisprudence Brazilian for the right to education of children and adolescents, showing that, on the basis in fundamental human rights that have been secured since the beginning of the liberal revolutions in the constitutions of the same ilk as well as international declarations of human rights applicable to the sphere of ensuring the rights of children and adolescents, the Family Education Desescolarizada shows up constitutional and desirable, there are no reasonable grounds for the state to prohibit the Brazilian. Finally, offers general guidelines both in the sense of legalization and regulation of Family Education Deschooling in Brazil and in the sense of an integrated educational approach that takes into account the physical, intellectual, social, moral and spiritual dimensions of the person still in development, consistent with the reasons for the choice of parents to educate the unschooling model.

A presente tese tem como finalidade compreender a natureza, os fundamentos e as condições históricas segundo as quais, no Brasil e no mundo, vem se desenvolvendo um movimento social integrado por pais e diversos outros agentes públicos e privados pelo qual procuram garantir e realizar a educação de crianças e adolescentes de modo desescolarizado, por meio de modos e técnicas que não se identificam com o modo escolarizado de educar, mas sim com um modo integrado de educação afinado com as possibilidades atuais do processo de ensino-aprendizagem e o atendimento das necessidades globais das crianças e adolescentes, visando o pleno desenvolvimento de suas personalidades e potencialidades segundo um sentido de formação da pessoa humana dentro de parâmetros valorizados por crenças do tipo não materialista. Além disso, oferece uma reflexão sobre os marcos constitucionais e legais que atualmente orientam a doutrina e a jurisprudência brasileiras quanto ao direito à educação de crianças e adolescentes, demonstrando que, com fundamento nos direitos humanos fundamentais que foram sendo assegurados desde os primórdios das revoluções liberais nas constituições do mesmo jaez, bem como nas declarações internacionais de direitos humanos aplicáveis à esfera da garantia dos direitos da criança e do adolescente, a Educação Familiar Desescolarizada mostra-se constitucional e desejável, não havendo motivo fundado para que o Estado brasileiro a proíba. Finalmente, oferece diretrizes gerais tanto no sentido da legalização e regulamentação da Educação Familiar Desescolarizada no Brasil quanto no sentido de uma abordagem educacional integrada que leve em conta as dimensões física, intelectual, moral social e espiritual da pessoa ainda em desenvolvimento, de modo coerente com os motivos que fundamentam a opção dos pais pelo modelo desescolarizado de educar. / This thesis aims to understand the nature, the foundations and historical conditions under which, in Brazil and in the world, is developing an social movement integrated by parents and various other public and private actors which seek to ensure the education and conduct children and adolescents deschooling mode through methods and techniques that do not identify with the educated way to educate, but more in tune with an integrated mode of education with the current possibilities of the teaching-learning process and the care of global needs children and adolescents, aiming to fully develop their personalities and capabilities according to a direction of formation of the human person within the parameters valued by beliefs not materialistic. Moreover, it offers a reflection on the constitutional and legal framework currently guiding doctrine and jurisprudence Brazilian for the right to education of children and adolescents, showing that, on the basis in fundamental human rights that have been secured since the beginning of the liberal revolutions in the constitutions of the same ilk as well as international declarations of human rights applicable to the sphere of ensuring the rights of children and adolescents, the Family Education Desescolarizada shows up constitutional and desirable, there are no reasonable grounds for the state to prohibit the Brazilian. Finally, offers general guidelines both in the sense of legalization and regulation of Family Education Deschooling in Brazil and in the sense of an integrated educational approach that takes into account the physical, intellectual, social, moral and spiritual dimensions of the person still in development, consistent with the reasons for the choice of parents to educate the unschooling model.

L’unschooling (ou la « non-scolarisation ») est une option éducative marginale, mais en constante évolution au Canada et ailleurs dans le monde. Au vu du développement de ce mouvement en éducation, des enjeux concernant le suivi des apprentissages réalisés par les enfants unschoolers prennent de l’importance. La rareté des écrits portant spécifiquement sur le suivi des apprentissages informels et les risques associés à une absence de suivi, particulièrement auprès des enfants plus vulnérables, nous amènent à poser cette question générale de recherche: Quel suivi de l’apprentissage en famille serait souhaitable dans un contexte d’unschooling, en prenant en compte le point de vue des parents unschoolers et le droit de l’enfant à l’éducation ? Pour répondre à cette question, 25 parents unschoolers répartis en quatre groupes, ont réfléchi au type de suivi qu’ils jugent le mieux adapté à leur réalité éducative. L’analyse thématique du contenu de leurs échanges a fait ressortir une proposition globale de suivi constituée de trois approches différentes : 1- l’approche « aucune interaction », visant le respect de l’autonomie des familles; 2- l’approche « offre de soutien », visant la réponse aux besoins exprimés par les familles; et 3- l’approche « appréciation de l’expérience éducative » pouvant viser le dépistage de l’expérience éducative ou l’accompagnement des familles. Cette proposition de suivi a ensuite été analysée à l’aide d’un cadre conceptuel relatif au droit de l’enfant à l’éducation, composé de cinq conditions du respect de ce droit et de leurs indicateurs. Cette analyse a permis d’évaluer le potentiel de chacune des trois approches à protéger le droit à l’éducation des enfants évoluant dans un cadre éducatif de type unschooling. La troisième approche, soit l’appréciation de l’expérience éducative, apparaît à la fois acceptable du point de vue des parents unschoolers et du point de vue du droit de l’enfant à l’éducation. Selon la proposition des parents, elle peut s’effectuer au moyen de l’appréciation d’un portfolio, d’une discussion informelle ou de la visite du domicile, permettant d’apprécier l’expérience éducative de l’enfant par la voie de l’environnement éducatif qui lui est offert ou de son parcours éducatif. / Unschooling is an uncommon but continually evolving educational option in Canada and around the world. Given the development of this movement in education, issues concerning the monitoring of learning by unschooled children are gaining importance. The scarcity of published studies specifically related to the monitoring of informal learning and the risks associated with a lack of follow-up, particularly among the most vulnerable children, lead us to ask this general research question: What follow-up of family-based learning would be desirable in a context of unschooling, respecting the point of view of unschoolers parents and the right of the child to an education? To answer this question, 25 unschooled parents were divided into four groups and reflected on the type of follow-up they consider best suited to their educational reality. By choosing a qualitative methodological approach and using a thematic analysis, the data drawn from these exchanges enabled us to build a follow-up proposal consisting of three approaches: "no interaction", "support offered" and "appreciation of the educational experience ". This follow-up proposal was then analyzed using a conceptual framework of the child's right to education composed of five conditions of respect for the child's right to education, inspired by the United Nations (1999a, 1999b). This analysis assessed the potential of each of the three approaches to protecting the right to an education for all children in an unschooling educational setting. The third approach, "appreciation of the educational experience", appears to be an approach that is both acceptable from the point of view of unschooling parents and from the point of view of the child's right to education.

The study explores children in middle childhood’s experiences of homeschooling. The researcher makes use of a qualitative research design in the form of a case study, studying the participants’ experiences of homeschooling in their natural setting. The sample consisted of children in middle childhood who participated in semi-structured interviews exploring their individual experiences pertaining to learning at home, their familial relationships and their social learning in the homeschooling environment. Developmental aspects relating specifically to middle childhood are discussed and utilised along with the views of the participants in this study, those of experts, and literature reviews in order to gain a genuine understanding of the child’s experience of homeschooling. / Sociology / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)