Call number: LD2668 .T4 1948 R5 / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1963 A54 / Master of Science

Thesis (MPhil)-- Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This ethical case study of public slaughter has indicated that there is an urgent need to address the issue of public slaughter, because it has resulted in animosity and polarisation between black and white people living in the Goldfields. Black people feel that their rights are violated, and they are not protected by the government because they encounter problems when practising their rituals. White people feel that the government is not protecting them from the health hazards caused by black people. The ultimate aim of the study is to contribute to and amplify the existing body of knowledge with regard to the extent of the problem experienced by people in the Goldfields, its impact in their every day lives and to propose guidelines that will help when regulations governing environmental issues are drawn. In order to accomplish these aims the following objectives should be realised by this study: • South Africa is a multi-racial country so a uniting policy is needed. • Each culture is unique and it has a special value, so no culture must be marginalised. • The old policy needs to be revised and amendments made. • Identify the actual causes of these problems. Are they racist driven or are they driven by genuine health concerns? This ethical study also indicates that the following are central values that should inform decision-making: • Health. • Respect and tolerance. • Communication. • Participation. Transparency. • Commitment. Based on the findings from the research conducted it is clear that both clashing parties (black and white people) need to live in peace at the ultimate end although their description of peaceful life differs, so the following recommendations are made as to how to address and alleviate problems caused by public slaughter. • A formal meeting must be convened to discuss this critical issue. • Drafted proposals must be produced. • The proposals must be debated. • The proposal must be adopted. • The existing bylaws must be changed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie gevallestudie in etiek oor slagtery in die openbaar is bevind dat daar 'n dringende behoefte bestaan om die probleem van slagtery in die openbaar aan te spreek, veralomdat dit in die verlede reeds tot spanning en polarisasie tussen swart en wit groepe in die Goudveld aanleiding gegee het. Swartmense voel dat hulle regte aangetas word en dat hulle nie genoegsaam deur die owerheid beskerm word om hulle rituele uit te voer nie. Witmense voel weer dat die owerheid hulle nie beskerm teen gesondheidsgevare wat geskep word deur swartmense nie. Die uiteindelike doel van hierdie ondersoek is om 'n bydrae te lewer tot die uitbouing van bestaande kennis oor die omvang van die probleem wat mense in die Goudveld ondervind met slagtery in die openbaar, wat die impak daarvan is op die alledaagse lewens van mense, en om voorstelle aan die hand te doen wat gebruik kan word wanneer regulasies opgestel word oor omgewingskwessies soos hierdie. Om hierdie oogmerke te bereik sal die volgende punte in hierdie studie aandag ontvang: • Suid-Afrika is 'n veelrassige land, so 'n beleid word benodig wat mense verenig. • Elke kultuur is uniek en het 'n besondere waarde, dus geen kultuur mag gemarginaliseer word nie. • Die bestaande beleid moet hersien en aangepas word. • Die werklike oorsake van die probleme moet geïdentifiseer word. Is hulle rassisties van aard, of gebaseer op werklike gesondheidsoorweginge ? In hierdie etiese studie is ook vasgestel dat die volgende kern-waardes die proses van besluitneming behoort te beïnvloed: • Gesondheid. • Respek en verdraagsaamheid. • Kommunikasie. • Deelname. • Deursigtigheid. • Verbintenis ("commitment"). Vanuit die bevindinge van die navorsing is dit duidelik dat albei die botsende partye (swart- en witmense) uiteindelik in vrede met mekaar moet saamleef, alhoewel hulle omskrywings van 'n vreedsame lewe verskil van mekaar. Gevolglik is die volgende aanbevelings gemaak om die probleem van slagtery in die openbaar aan te spreek: • 'n Formele byeenkoms moet saamgeroep word om die kritiese probleem te bespreek. • Skriftelike voorstelle moet vir so 'n byeenkoms opgestel word. • Die voorstelle moet bespreek word. • 'n Voorstel moet aanvaar word. • Die bestaande regulasies moet verander word.

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Based upon multi-locale research with people building environmentally-friendly off-grid homes called Earthships, this ethnography explores the nature of such activity.  It critically considers this architecture in terms of building, concentrating on the processes by which the builders are able to dwell.  Drawing upon fieldwork in a radically empirical manner it furthers anthropological discussions of human-environment relations, exchange and technology, creativity, and the local and the global.  The theorisation weaves a phenomenological analysis of dwelling around a neo-Marxist critique of work and consumerism in Earthship communities in Scotland and New Mexico and in wider Western society.  Earthships, it is argued, present an attempt to revitalize the architecture of the West and to avoid the alienation so often exacerbated by it.  The thesis suggests that builders attempt to do this by engaging in practical-critical activity, fuelled by a belief in the value of being able to do it yourself and by a philosophy which places people within a dynamic world of interdependent elements.  Earthship dwelling, it is suggested, is a spatially- and temporally-aware social project which both generates and requires monism or an engagement of the whole person.  Earthship building is a radical, connective art, carried out by people brought together by their critique of wider society and a belief in their ability to forge a better future.  As the builders make manifest their designs, this thesis notes that a low-tech and underproductive approach is chosen as well as there being prominent use of natural systems as models.  Earthships present an experimental and open-ended way of dwelling within the limits of a shared world.  Acknowledging these limits, builders strive to reuse materials and exploit only renewable energies.

Student Number : 0210329K - MSc research report - School of Construction Economics and Management - Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment / The government of Lesotho is experiencing a rapid rate of dilapidation of its dwelling houses, and if this goes unabated, the government will lose even more in terms of the expenditure on maintenance and repair, and eventually the houses themselves, thereby losing a good asset base. The research considers the possible causes of the rapid rate of dilapidation of the Lesotho government dwelling houses. It draws attention to the level of effectiveness of the property management structure and or framework of the Lesotho government. Further it considers the possible overall effects of the current continued dilapidation on the management of the property assets by the Lesotho government. The research draws attention to the present system of property management practiced by the government, and compares it with that of the private sector, considers the ways in which the government may have to adapt, and suggests that while the government dwelling houses are neglected in terms of maintenance, there will be some countervailing opportunities for a more effective strategic use of the property asset. A number of respondents drawn from the private sector, two government departments, and the housing occupants, were interviewed using administered and self-administered questionnaires for this research. The hypotheses ‘that efficient property asset management is significantly dependent on a good property management framework/structure’ and ‘that there is a correlation between the declining property values and the level of rentals payable to the Lesotho government’ were confirmed. This is seen in the fact that the Lesotho property management structure lacks the capacity to manage their pool of available housing structure. Moreover, that the kind of expertise available is not fitting to be able to manage the government houses. The Lesotho government lacks the required expertise for the management of its housing assets, and this has led to a rapid dilapidation of the housing stock for the inadequacy in management resulted in poor maintenance of the housing stock, as the management failed to identify key issues in property management. 3 Keywords: Property Dilapidation, Maintenance, Dwelling houses, Government Property Management.

In this study the effects of blood sampling, transportation and slaughter on certain blood variables (sodium, potasium, chloride, glucose, lactates, lipids, proteins, colloidal osmotic pressure, cortisol, ACTH, T3, TSH, osmolality etc.) of cattle were investigated. The experimental animals, crossbreed (Brahman, Afrikander and Hereford) heifers and oxen obtained from Kanhym Estates, Middelburg, were unaccustomed to handling. One group of animals was subjected to the stress of sampling with restraint, a second group was sampled with restraint after transportation and a third group had blood taken after slaughter at the Kanhym abattoir at Balfour. Control blood samples were obtained from Friesland dairy cows accustomed to handling and blood sampling and from crossbreed oxen unaware of the sampling procedure. Both control and experiment groups were studied in the same season. (April and May, 1984). Results were analysed and compared statistically. The blood cortisol, ACTH, lactates and glucose were significantly higher in the experimental groups than in the control group. Cortisol and ACTH values were significantly higher, and the lactate and glucose values significantly lower in the group subjected to the stress of sampling with restraint than in the other two experimental groups. Therefore, if the variables measured are an assessment of stress and change because of stress, then the animals investigated experienced stress. In addition, cattle unaccustomed to handling perceive the slaughtering process as less stressful than blood sampling in a crush (based on cortisol and ACTH results).

O trabalho apresenta casas projetadas pelo arquiteto Eduardo de Almeida, entre 1959 e 2007, que revelam procedimentos consistentes de projeto para efeito de ensino e pesquisa em arquitetura, com ênfase no uso de retículas durante a elaboração do raciocínio do projeto. Entende-se que o uso de malhas reticuladas, ao orientar a organização espacial e construtiva, irá se refletir no resultado final da arquitetura. Porém, as retículas, enquanto procedimento, estão submetidas a uma intenção de projeto, assumindo características diferentes. Para um melhor entendimento do papel da retícula, discute-se brevemente a retícula na obra de Frank Lloyd Wright, Mies van der Rohe e Louis Kahn. / This essay presents houses made by Eduardo de Almeida between 1959 and 2007, which shows consistent project procedures for teaching and research in architecture, emphasizing the use of grids. It is considered that grids, by guiding the space and constructive organization, are reflected in the final results of architecture. Nevertheless, grids as a project procedure is submitted by a project intention, therefore different kinds of grids can be noticed while analyzing different architects. For a better understanding of grids, architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Mies van der Rohe and Louis Kahn are also briefly discussed.

O presente trabalho objetiva o delineamento do perfil da mobília popular brasileira e a sua respectiva inserção no interior da habitação popular. Trata-se de um levantamento acerca das possibilidades de atuação do arquiteto/designer como profissional responsável pelo projeto da moradia e dos equipamentos destinados às populações que habitam os grandes centros urbanos brasileiros. Através de visitas às unidades habitacionais e pontos de venda de mobiliário, análise de peças publicitárias destinadas ao grupo social escolhido como objeto de pesquisa, estudo do funcionamento dos cômodos, projeto de adaptação de uma sala de estar e análise de conteúdo editorial de publicação voltada ao grupo social estudado, compôs-se esta dissertação de cunho histórico-científico. / The present production objectified the delineation of the profile of the Brazillian furniture and its insertion in popular habitations. It exposes the possibilities of interaction of an architect/designer as a professional responsible for the habitation and equipments projects for low-income populations of large Brazillian urban centres. A historical and scientific document was composed according to the results of visits at the habitations and furniture commercial points, analysis of advertisement and editorial data extracted from popular magazines focusing the social group chosen as object of research, study of the operation system of the rooms and project of adaptation for a living room.

A Casa dos Sonhos, objeto desta pesquisa, é uma casa ideal. Ao longo do seu ciclo de vida, cada pessoa vai construindo sua própria experiência humana, seus valores e seus símbolos, a partir dos conhecimentos que ela própria vai selecionando para si, de tudo aquilo que o universo lhe oferece. Ao longo da vida, no seu dia-a-dia, as pessoas vão experimentando necessidades, que geram anseios e aspirações. Desse complexo sistema de símbolos, valores, anseios, aspirações e necessidades começa a surgir a idealização de espaços adequados para a realização de cada uma das atividades cotidianas. São aspirações nem sempre bem definidas, independentes umas das outras, às vezes inconciliáveis. Empreender a produção de uma casa sob medida é, sem dúvida, uma tarefa extremamente complexa. Ainda que muitos se resignem a adquirir pronta a sua casa própria, porquê cada ser humano parece sempre desejar criar a sua própria casa, sob medida para seus valores, suas aspirações e suas necessidades? Utilizando meios e métodos da Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO) do Ambiente Construído, que considera fundamentalmente o ponto de vista dos usuários, esta pesquisa investiga as motivações e o processo de produção de uma residência idealizada, planejada e realizada por uma família, sob medida para as suas necessidades, as suas aspirações, os seus valores e os seus símbolos. Este trabalho se fundamenta em entrevistas realizadas com membros de trinta famílias que produziram a sua Casa dos Sonhos, em Alphaville, um complexo residencial, empresarial e comercial situado na Região Metropolitana da Capital do Estado de São Paulo. / The Dream Home that is the purpose of this research is an ideal house. Through the human life cycle, every human being builds its own human experience, values, and symbols from the achievements that each one selects from everything the universe offers. Along their life, through the day-by-day activities, people experience and realize needs that generate expectations and desires. From this complex set of symbols values and needs emerges the idealization of adequate space to perform each one of the day-by-day activities. Most of the time, these needs are not quite clear and works independently and also frequently are not compatible. Entrepreneurs a tailor made home is a very complex task. Although most of the people have to acquire shelf houses, why everyone desires to create their own tailor made dream houses that reach their values, symbols, expectations and needs? Where comes this desire for a personalized home from? Using methods and techniques of Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE), which considers fundamentally users point of view, this research investigates motivation and the production process of an idealized, planned and built house by a family, intending to fulfill their needs, desires, values and symbols. This work is based on research and interviews with 30 families that have built their own dream home in Alphaville, a residential complex located on the suburban area of the city of São Paulo - Brazil.