La question du prix du corps humain peut a priori surprendre. Le code civil ne prohibe-t-il pas les conventions sur le corps à titre onéreux ? En réalité il tente ainsi de décourager une mise en circulation, à titre onéreux, du corps ou de ses éléments et produits. Le principe de gratuité peut être discuté, la loi prévoyant une possibilité d'indemnisation du donneur. Au surplus, il apparaît, une fois passée la cession initiale, que la gratuité n'est plus de rigueur. Par ailleurs, si l'on se tourne vers le corps en activité, instrument au service de l'existence de la personne, force est de constater que les principes de non-patrimonialité ou de gratuité se trouvent contrariés. Un passage de l'«avoir» au «faire» s'opère : plutôt que de tirer profit de son corps en tant que matérialité, l'individu en mobilise la force. Associé à l'esprit qui le met en mouvement, le corps devient l'une des composantes essentielles de l'activité rémunérée. Le corps ainsi placé au service de l'activité se découvre un prix. Un prix, de même, se révèle lorsque le corps se trouve atteint d'une déficience. Le prix, à défaut de rémunérer le corps comme «avoir», compense cette fois l'atteinte à l'«être». Davantage que d'un prix du corps humain, c'est plutôt des prix du corps humain qu'il s'agit. Dès lors, une contradiction entre ces prix du corps et un éventuel principe de non-patrimonialité ou de gratuité du corps humain apparaît. L'existence de ces prix pourrait être envisagée comme autant de dérogations au principe. Cependant, cette qualification d'exception ne nous paraît pas pleinement satisfaisante. Il convient ainsi d'envisager une réconciliation entre le prix et le corps humain. / Regarding the French civil Code, the question of the price of human body can be surprising as selling body parts is prohibited. The gratuity is an important principle of bioethics French law. However, there are different types of prices. The salary would be a counterpart of human body at work, when the compensation would be considered as the price of human body’s injury. Therefore, there's not one price of human body but many prices. Those prices could be seen as an exception to the principle of gratuity of human body. But the qualification as an exception isn't fully satisfying, and we'll prefer to think about a new relationship between price and human body.

<p>Human body models (HBMs) have been present in the automotive industry for simulating automotive related injury since the turn of the century and have in recent years found a place in assessment of soldier and sports related injury prediction and assessment. This issue is the lack of models that lie outside of the 50th percentile. By a simple application of physics, it is evident that acceleration or force will affect people of varying weights differently. To this end, having the ability to scale a 50th percentile HBM to targets for weight and stature would allow for better characterization on how an impact or acceleration event will affect people of differing size, especially when ~90% of males can fall outside the 50th percentile for weight and stature and HBMs models from vendors exist in only a few variations outside the 50th percentile [1]. Using Corvid Technologies’ 50th percentile model CAVEMAN (capable of being repositioned) as a base, scaled model from the 5th to 95th percentiles of stature and weight were generated based on ANSURII metrics, using a combination of 1D and 3D scaling transformations. These models met their stature and weight metrics when standing and weight metrics when positioned. </p> <p>After creation of a framework to scale the CAVEMAN HMB, creation of a digital twin to the HIRRT Lab helmet testing model commenced. With the HIRRT Lab’s history of experimental testing of football helmets, a natural turn of events was to bring helmet performance testing into the computational space. This digital twin was a natural evolution and addition to the HIRRT Lab’s helmet testing as it would enable manipulation of helmets that would be infeasible experimentally. After calibration of the barehead using experimental data, helmeted simulation began. Angle of impact, while it was found to effect peak translational acceleration, was found to profoundly effect peak rotational acceleration. With this in mind, various angles of impact were simulated to produce curves similar to experimental results. Helmeted simulations were qualitatively dissimilar to experimental data, prompting a modification of the padding material used by the models. Following various modifications of the padding material model, these inconsistencies between simulated helmets and experimentally tested helmets persisted. These inconsistencies highlight a need for better characterization of material, such as foam, and more thorough validation of simulated helmet models. The results of the helmeted simulations are difficult to quantify, as the evaluation criteria used for the BioCore model did not include rotational acceleration, indicating a need for further research and simulation is necessary. </p>

No description available.

Much attention has been devoted to the study of body image and eating disorders in women. A review of the literature suggests that emphasis has been placed on stereotypic disturbances in body image within two discrete populations, the obese and the anorectic (Stunkard, 1976). Further scrutiny of the literature reveals that body image is a vaguely defined concept, one that's assigned a multitude of meanings and measured in a variety of ways (Kolb, 1959). Despite the complexity of studying such a multi-faceted construct, body image has import in its summary of affective, cognitive, and perceptual bodily experiences (Kessler, 1978; Shontz, 1974). Body image is also particularly relevant to the study and treatment of eating disorders (Bruch, 1973).

A recent evolutionary theory hypothesizes that there are two primary biobehavioral profiles of stress responding. Labeled "hawk" and "dove," each is characterized by divergent patterns of autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrine system activations in response to stress as well as distinct affective and behavioral tendencies. These profiles are prominent in a number of species, and it has been hypothesized that hawk-like and dovelike responses to stress may, in part, explain variability in stress-related health outcomes. This study is a preliminary investigation of hawk and dove biobehavioral profiles in humans. Participants included 73 Midwestern university students recruited from undergraduate-level psychology classes. Upon completion of a stressor task, participants answered questions regarding their psychological experiences during and immediately following the task and reported their emotions and health-related behaviors over the past several weeks. Physiological measures of cortisol and high frequency heart rate variability reactivity were used to identify relatively hawk-like and dove-like responders. Associations between patterns of physiological responding and emotional and behavioral responses were tested. The results showed mixed support for the existence of hawk and dove biobehavioral profiles in humans.

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the Latter-day Saint theology and teachings concerning the physical nature of man.Exploring the Latter-day Saints' theological approach to corporeal man and God's designs regarding the physical nature of man is significant because of the unique Latter-day Saint belief that God, Himself, is an exalted, corporeal man and that the physical body of man was created by God to enable humans to become like Him in all aspects. Latter-day Saints believe that Heavenly Father created spirit bodies for His sons and daughters in a pre-mortal state.The physical earth was then created through Jesus Christ as a place for God's spirit children to receive the physical bodies necessary to become like Heavenly Father.The uniting of the spirit with a physical body creates the soul of man. Adam and Eve were placed on the earth with immortal, physical bodies which had been organized from elements of the earth. A necessary change occurred in the bodies of Adam and Eve after their Fall, thus making them and their descendants mortal. Mortality provides an environment for man to learn to properly balance both his spiritual and physical natures in an effort to become like Heavenly Father.God's commandments regarding the body, such as the Word of Wisdom, chastity, and treating the body as a temple of God, facilitate mankind's progression. In contrast, disobedience to these commandments negatively affects man's soul, both body and spirit. Eventually, physical death will separate the spirit from the body of every mortal. Jesus Christ received a physical body and experienced mortality like everyone else. However, through His perfect mortal life, Jesus is able to succor mankind in the trials of mortality. Jesus also performed the Atonement through His own death and resurrection and unconditionally redeemed mankind from physical death. Because of the Atonement of Jesus Christ, all mankind will overcome physical death through resurrection and receive the degree of eternal glory merited through obedience and repentance in mortality.

<p>Progress in miniaturized computing and connectivity has led to a plethora of smart connected electronic devices around humans, leading us towards the era of seamless human-electronics co-operation. In this connected society, radiative communication using electromagnetic fields is the backbone of inter-device connectivity. This unfortunately leads to high power usage as well as physical signals being available for malicious interceptors to snoop. To address the need of security and energy efficiency of inter-device communication for devices on and around the human body, Human Body Communication (HBC) has been proposed. The fundamental philosophy of HBC is to use the human body as a medium - thus being helped and not hurt by the body - for communication between devices. Confinement of a signal within the body implies higher security as well as efficiency. This dissertation is an analysis of these properties of different HBC modalities, through electromagnetic modelling, simulation, and experienced. Electro-quasistatic (EQS) HBC has been explored in significant detail, including a complete theoretical formulation of return path capacitance, as well as a study of inter-body coupling for interference and security management in EQS-HBC. Magnetic modes of HBC have also been analyzed, and compared with its electric counterparts. Finally, a novel HBC technique, GSW-HBC, has been proposed. GSW-HBC or a Goubau line inspired surface wave based HBC, is shown to be a viable, secure and energy efficient alternative to RF wireless communication, leading the search for Gbps communication around the body.</p><p>In reference to IEEE copyrighted material which is used with permission in this thesis, the IEEE does not endorse any of Purdue University's products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. If interested in reprinting/republishing IEEE copyrighted material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution, please go to <a href="http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/rights_link.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/rights_link.html</a> to learn how to obtain a License from RightsLink.</p>

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This study focuses on evaluating a system containing five different mappings of physical movement parameters to auditory parameters. Physical parameter variables such as size, location, among others, were obtained by using a motion tracking system, where the two hands of the user would work as rigid bodies. Translating these variables to auditory parameter variables gave the ability to control different parameters of MIDI files. The aim of the study was to determine how well a total of five participants, all with prior musical knowledge and experience, could adapt to the system concerning both user generated data as well as overall user experience. The study showed that the participants developed a positive personal engagement with the system and this way of audio and music alteration. Exploring the initial mappings of the system established ideas for future development of the system in potential forthcoming work.

This interview study investigates the embodied experiences of adult educators, exploring how they perceive and utilize bodily knowledge in their instructional practice. Through interviews and observations with five adult educators, the study highlights challenges in articulating the role of physical experiences in teaching. The study reveals four major themes: (a) participants perceive or approach instruction as a performance, engaging with various performance tools like voice, sound, proximity, and posture to impact content delivery and classroom management; (b) bodily knowledge informs the educator's improvisational skills as they receive sensory input and adapt to student and environmental cues during teaching; (c) while recognizing the importance of bodily knowledge, participants struggle to articulate and connect their physical experiences to instructional practice despite training in embodied learning and pedagogy; and (d) participants often prioritize tasks and student needs over attending to their bodily sensations during instruction. The study challenges assumptions about educators' identities. It underscores the complexity of integrating bodily knowing into teaching practice, advocating for further research into the embodied experiences of adult educators across diverse contexts. Recommendations include developing healthy physical habits and recognizing the 'felt sense' to enhance instructional effectiveness. Methodological suggestions advocate prioritizing bodily knowledge observed through movement and action and exploring movement analysis techniques. This study contributes to the evolving field of embodied education research and emphasizes the importance of acknowledging and leveraging the embodied aspects of teaching practice.