The purpose of this study is to find out the preschool educators’ perceptions to work with the human body. The method used was semi-structured interviews with a prepared interview-guide as a tool. Six educators were interviewed. The result showed that the educators had experience in working with the human body and that they considered it relevant to include the subject in pre-school activities. It also appears that the educators do not think that they work with the subject, even though the result is that it is something they do almost every day. All the educators have a positive attitude towards learning about the human body in the preschool.

A Tese Confissões | Não | Declaradas apresenta um conjunto de experimentos poéticos realizados entre 2011 e 2015, cujo foco toma o corpo - para além do masculino e feminino - como subjetividade encarnada. Neles estão incorporadas tanto as investigações no campo das práticas artísticas quanto as reflexões no plano conceitual. A criação de campos sensórios em desenhos, esculturas, fotografias, gravuras e videoperformances refere-se às práticas artísticas. Já o desenvolvimento ensaístico do texto sobre as noções de corpo e sua conversão em imagem - de subjetividade como objeto de encarnação e de corpo fluido em estado artístico - remete ao plano conceitual em que os resultados dos experimentos poéticos se rebatem e se multiplicam. Como desdobramento disso, ainda são desencadeadas ideias sobre questões de gênero na interação erótica e, numa outra perspectiva, são desenvolvidas reflexões sobre o sujeito múltiplo metaestável como resultante de um processo de individuação contínuo. A metodologia que está na base dos experimentos poéticos é a pesquisa da sensação, porém empreendida com o objetivo de criar zonas estéticas capazes de dissolver formas corporais culturalmente crista / This thesis, entitled Confessions | Not | Declared, presents a series of artistic experiments conducted between 2011 and 2015, focusing on the human body beyond the categories of male and female, taken as embodied subjectivity. These experiments embody both artistic practice-based research and theoretical considerations. Artistic practice refers to the creation of sensory fields in drawings, sculptures, photographs, prints and video performances. The theoretical analysis examined some notions of the human body converted into image: the notion of incarnated subjectivity and the notion of a flowing body in artistic state, and how these concepts related to the artistic experimentation. Furthermore, both ideas on gender issues in erotic interaction and, from a different perspective, reflections on a metastable, multiple subject resulting from a continuous process of individuation, were considered. Sensation research was the methodology underpinning the artistic experiments. With this approach, aesthetic zones were created that dissolved culturally constructed notions of human body forms, and the images produced, rather than mere images, were infused with story-telling power.

A análise exergética é aplicada ao ser humano para avaliar a qualidade dos processos de conversão de energia no corpo e seus sistemas, assim como nos processos bioquímicos do metabolismo. Sabe-se que a vida tem um início, um desenvolvimento e um fim, ou seja, um típico exemplo de processo irreversível. Como tanto a idade cronológica como a entropia gerada são grandezas positivas (caminham no mesmo sentido), esta última passa a ser denominada de flecha do tempo (arrow of time). Assim, a partir da aplicação da Segunda Lei da Termodinâmica, torna-se possível desenvolver e aplicar índices baseados no conceito de exergia destruída/entropia gerada e rendimento exergético para diferentes áreas do conhecimento como medicina (comparação de técnicas de hipotermia), esportes (teste ergoespirométrico) e engenharia (conforto térmico). Para tal, propõe-se um modelo do corpo humano que leva em conta a transferência de exergia para o ambiente, a qual é causada pela radiação, convecção, vaporização e respiração. O metabolismo exergético é calculado com base na variação da exergia de três reações de oxidação: carboidratos, lipídeos e aminoácidos. Para condições ambientais transientes, calcula-se a variação temporal da exergia do corpo, e ainda, o máximo trabalho que o corpo pode executar a partir da hidrólise do ATP (adenosina trifosfato). O corpo humano aproveita aproximadamente 60% da exergia dos macronutrientes ingeridos na forma de ATP, 5% é dissipada na forma de calor e o restante destruída. Se o indivíduo estiver em repouso, toda a exergia da molécula de ATP é destruída ou dissipada na forma de calor. A exergia destruída tende a diminuir em função da idade tanto para condição basal como também para atividades físicas. Calculou-se que a exergia destruída durante uma vida equivale a 3091MJ/kg (ou entropia gerada de 10,2MJ/kgK). O rendimento exergético, no entanto, diminui em decorrência da idade para condição basal, porém aumenta durante atividades físicas. Pode-se ainda afirmar que o corpo destrói menos exergia e é mais eficiente quando submetido a condições de alta temperatura operativa e baixa umidade relativa. A análise exergética acarretou em interpretações complementares ao balanço de energia, pois, a partir de sua aplicação, foi possível distinguir corredores de acordo com o nível de atividade física, ou seja, corredores mais bem treinados podem realizar mais trabalho para o mesmo valor de exergia destruída. Finalmente, foi possível identificar diferentes técnicas de hipotermia tomando por base a comparação das eficiências exergéticas. / Exergy analysis is applied to the human being aiming to assess the quality of the energy conversion processes that take place in the body, its several of systems and in biochemical reactions involved in these processes. It is known that life has a beginning, a development and an end, therefore, it is a typical example if irreversible process. As the chronological age and entropic generation are positive quantities (increases in the same direction), this last one is named arrow of time. Hence, it becomes possible to obtain indices based on the concept of destroyed exergy and exergy efficiency for different areas of knowledge such as: medicine (different techniques of hypothermia), sports (ergoespirometric test) and mechanical engineer (thermal comfort). To this end, it is proposed a model of the human body which takes into account the exergy transfer rates to the environment associated with radiation, convection, vaporization and respiration. The metabolism exergy basis is calculated based on the exergy variation of the reactions of oxidation of three reference substances: carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids. For transient environmental conditions it is calculated the exergy variation of the body over time. Moreover, it is possible to calculate the maximum work that can be obtained from the hydrolysis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This procedure was applied to a thermodynamic model of human body for basal conditions and to experimental results of runners during different level of physical activities. The human body uses about 60% of the exergy of nutrients to obtain ATP, the rest is destroyed or dissipated as heat. Destroyed exergy rate tends to decrease as a function of lifespan (for basal conditions and during physical activities). The destroyed exergy during lifespan was calculated as 3091MJ/kg (or entropy production of 10.2MJ/kgK). The exergy efficiency decreases as a function of age in basal condition, but it increases during physical activities. The destroyed exergy rate is smaller and the exergy efficiency is greater for high operative temperatures and low relative humidities. The exergy analysis led to additional information regarding the First Law of Thermodynamics, because from its application it was possible to differentiate runners according to their training level, for the same destroyed exergy better trained subjects could perform more work. Finally it was possible to distinguish different techniques of hypothermia from the concept of exergy efficiency.

Este estudo buscou compreender o significado do corpo para um grupo de gestantes, como estas mulheres vivenciam os processos fisiológicos do seu corpo durante a gestação e a sua repercussão na sexualidade, bem como conhecer a percepção relacionada ao parto normal e sua implicação para a atividade sexual. Conceitos da Antropologia médica foram usados como referencial teórico e o método adotado foi a etnografia. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com sete mulheres residentes em um bairro popular da zona leste de São Paulo - SP. Adotou-se, para a coleta de dados, uma entrevista semi-estruturada com questões norteadoras e um desenho em uma silhueta feminina previamente reproduzida, de como elas viam as modificações no seu corpo durante o período. Os dados foram apresentados na forma de narrativa. Os resultados se resumiram em seis categorias e catorze subcategorias que deram origem à análise de um tema maior - O processo do nascimento como ritual de passagem para a construção da família, já que todo o processo da vivência corporal na gestação, suas mudanças e repercussão na atividade sexual, foram guiados pelo valor da constituição da família e estiveram presentes desde o momento em que essas mulheres começavam fazer projetos para adentrar à maternidade. Os achados deste estudo permitiram ter uma compreensão do conhecimento cultural das mulheres em relação aos significados do corpo e sexualidade no processo de nascimento, tornando-se para os profissionais de saúde uma ferramenta primordial na adequação das suas práticas / This study aimed to understand the meaning of the body to a group of pregnant women, how they experience the body physiologic processes during pregnancy and how they reflect in sexuality as well as to acknowledge their perception about normal birth and its implication to sexual activity. Concepts of medical anthropology were used as theoretical framework and the methodology adopted was ethnography. The research was carried out in a popular district in east area of São Paulo - SP. For data collection it was used semi-structured interviews with guiding questions, and drawing, in a feminine silhouette of how they perceive their body modification during this period. The data were presented in narrative format. The result were organized in six categories and fourteen subcategories which merged to a central theme Childbirth as a ritual passage in the construction of family once all the body experiences of gestation, the physiological body changes and its repercussion in sexual performance were present since they started making projects to go into maternity. The results of this study allowed an understanding of the cultural knowledge in relation to the meaning of the body and sexuality in childbirth which is an essential tool for adjusting professional practice

This dissertation draws on feminist theory and ecofeminist philosophy to examine the connections between understandings of women and nature and the construction of pervasive conceptualizations and practices of childbirth. It also examines the relationship between conceptualizations of men and masculinity, culture and nature, and childbirth. In order to conduct such an examination, this study explores the dominant Western discourse around gender and childbirth. Specifically, the work aims to identify prominent characteristics and themes related to childbirth in both popular culture, such as Hollywood films (Knocked Up, The Backup Plan), documentaries (The Business of Being Born), birth guides, magazines, news articles, websites, and scholarly, medical and alternative healthcare discourse. This work seeks to consider how various conceptualizations of childbirth are used to legitimate, or, alternately, to undermine, patriarchal gender norms such as emphasized femininity and patriarchal (hegemonic) masculinity and, more generally, what ecofeminist philosopher Val Plumwood calls "master consciousness" (Val Plumwood 1993), a way of understanding the world that is reliant on an unjustifiably dualistic thinking and that is responsible for fostering social practices of domination. In particular, this work seeks to determine to what extent is our conceptualization of childbirth, and subsequent practice, based on potentially erroneous presumptions about the hierarchical division between the realms of culture and nature and masculinity and femininity? Perhaps most importantly, this dissertation sets out to consider the implications of alternative conceptualizations of childbirth emerging in the context of the natural birth movement. Specifically, I aim to determine whether or not these alternatives interpretations of childbirth counteract patriarchal gender categories and the culture/nature dualism. / Jeff Nall. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2011. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2011. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

The main focus of this dissertation is a discussion of how an artist uses her dance bodily knowledge to develop in a static art form a more bodily sense of movement. For this purpose this dissertation examines four clay sculptures by contemporary artist Mary Frank. The analysis suggests that the uncharacteristic sense of movement displayed in these works derives from her experiential knowledge of dance. This sense of movement is achieved through the considered assemblage and inextricable relationship between Frank’s dance bodily knowledge (body knowledge a dancer acquires through years of dance practice) and the manipulation of clay, the plastic medium she uses to create these forms. The study reveals that Frank’s ceramic assemblages of organic shapes resembling a figure could be related to somatic awareness of arms, legs, torso, hips, and head that dancers experience while dancing. Similarly, the fluid quality of her ceramic assemblages and their seamless coexistence with the environment can be correlated to the proprioceptic sensibilities (the reception of stimuli produced within the organism by movement or tension) that a dancer’s body senses as it navigates through the air and across the ground managing the pull of gravity. These findings are developed through a discussion of the philosophic theories on bodily knowledge (knowing in and through the body) by Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Michael Polanyi, Edward Casey, Pierre Bourdieu, and Richard Shusterman, as well as the philosophic theories on dance bodily knowledge (my own term) developed by Barbara Mettler, Maxine Sheets-Johnstone, and Jaana Parviainen. In addition, Mary’s sculptures are compared to traditionally built sculptures to illustrate the bodily sensory quality of the sense of movement of her structures. Although the scope of this study is limited to the application of dance bodily knowledge onto sculpture, perceived through the clay sculptures of Mary Frank, this research adds to the debate on the interrelationships between dance education and the arts, the body and institutions of learning, and the body and society. It suggests that dance practice and introspection of one’s body movement affects how one perceives the world around us and therefore how one reacts and expresses oneself on to the world. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The literature regarding biological motion suggests that people may accurately identify and recognize the gender of others using movement cues in the absence of typical identifiers. This study compared identification and gender judgments of traditional point-light stimuli to skeleton stimuli. Controlling for previous experience and execution of actions, the frequency and familiarity of movements was also considered. Watching action clips, participants learned to identify 4 male and 4 female actors. Participants then identified the corresponding point-light or skeleton displays. Although results indicate higher than chance performance, no difference was observed between stimuli conditions. Analyses did show better gender recognition for common as well as previously viewed actions. This suggests that visual experience influences extraction and application of biological motion. Thus insufficient practice in relying on movement cues for identification could explain the significant yet poor performance in biological motion point-light research. / by Sara Manuel. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2012. Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Agency and communion are fundamental dimensions underlying psychological processes. Although agency and communion are coherent dimensions, their origins, nature, stability differ across theoretical framework. Common to these frameworks are gender differences in agency and communion. The present study hypothesized that because agency and communion relate to gender, they may also relate to digit ratio. The present study is important because digit ratio may offer clues on the origins and nature of agency and communion, and their gender differences. Agency and Communion factors were extracted from implicit linguistic measures obtained by LIWC analysis of selfnarratives. Exploratory structural equation modeling indicated communion related to digit ratio in men, and gender differences in communion. Although the results supported the distal, biological influences of communion argued by evolutionary accounts, the null finding agency was not related to digit ratio, while not directly interpretable, did not contradict socialization accounts of agency. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-12-12T09:29:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriela Massarra Santos Heine.pdf: 939673 bytes, checksum: a3b4b7f8cee44e6d319adfbac613448b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-12T09:29:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriela Massarra Santos Heine.pdf: 939673 bytes, checksum: a3b4b7f8cee44e6d319adfbac613448b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present research results from a desire to seek other forms of relationship with the other, to see and feel it. In this sense, the emphasis of our object of study falls on the writings of the contemporary philosopher, Gilles Deleuze, in his readings in Espinosa and we search for possible connections with Jose Gil and Kuniichi Uno. It is, therefore, to think of human complexity in what it possesses of more particular: the potency of its body. Dance is proposed as a means of metamorphosis of the body and is consequently not the only form. To think about some flows and between flows that guide and permeate the Deleuze’s thought is like a kind of walk between transform and the conductor would be the body. In dance there are affectations capable of promoting the increase of power, strengthening our conservation as being. The more fit the body is, the greater will be your known its relation to the world. Thus, we seek through this dissertation to think about the relation of philosophy to dance, to literature, to theater. We understand that life is that of the body and what happens in it resounds in thought / A presente pesquisa resulta de um anseio de buscar outras formas de relação com o outro, de vê-lo e senti-lo. Neste sentido, a ênfase de nosso objeto de estudo recai sobre os escritos do filósofo contemporâneo, Gilles Deleuze, nas suas leituras em Espinosa e buscamos possíveis conexões com José Gil e Kuniichi Uno. Trata-se, portanto, de pensar a complexidade humana naquilo que ela possui de mais particular: a potência de seu corpo. A dança é proposta como um meio de metamorfose do corpo, não sendo, portanto, a única forma. Pensar em alguns fluxos e entre fluxos que norteiam e permeiam o pensamento deleuziano é como uma espécie de passeio entre devires e o condutor seria o corpo. Na dança ocorre afetações capazes de promover o aumento da potência fortalecendo nossa conservação como ser. Quanto mais apto estiver o corpo maior será seu poder de compreender sua relação com o mundo. Desta forma, procuramos por meio desta dissertação pensar sobre a relação da filosofia com a dança, com a literatura, com o teatro. Compreendemos que a vida é aquela do corpo e o que se passa nele ressoa em pensamento

Tanto a paralisia quanto a amputação são características corporais que tendem a resultar em estigma, ou seja, a mera percepção de sua existência pode depreciar a identidade social daquele que a tem. Entretanto, o surgimento de tecnologias prostéticas que habilitam amputados a competirem em nível olímpico contra pessoas sem deficiência tem produzido reações que contrariam a regra geral segundo a qual se evita expor aquilo que causa estigma. Mais do que isso, vem ganhando cada vez mais projeção midiática a imagem de amputados estereotipados como a realização do sonho do ciborgue: o corpo orgânico potencializado pela sua hibridação com sistemas cibernéticos. No bojo desse imaginário, a tecnologia do exoesqueleto robótico, derivada da indústria bélica, emerge como a solução que promete reestabelecer os movimentos de pessoas com lesão medular. Porém, a obsessão em encapsulá-los dentro de corpos robóticos supranumerários, em detrimento de outras tecnologias e terapias, parece muito mais motivada pelo simbolismo de um bipedismo simulado, que busca apagar a diferença entre os deficientes e os normais, do que pela reabilitação efetiva. A deficiência física e as tecnologias biocibernéticas de reconstrução e reabilitação corporais expõem não só a dimensão social irredutível do corpo, como também evidenciam que mesmo na mentalidade técnico-científica opera uma lógica simbólica, disfarçada nos recortes e classificações supostamente objetivos. Não é por acaso que a restauração do bipedismo em pessoas com paralisia tenha tanta afinidade com a imagem do milagre bíblico, pois o corpo-máquina, do qual a biocibernética é a evolução, e o corpo da cosmologia cristã, oriundo da Idade Média, não são completamente excludentes. De fato, apesar de constituírem sistemas de significação antagônicos, ambas as concepções de corpo compartilham as mesmas estruturas simbólicas inconscientes e, acima de tudo, atendem ao mesmo imperativo de dar sentido a uma realidade que a razão por si só não explica na sua totalidade. É sobre estes temas que esta tese procura refletir. / Both paralysis and amputation are body characteristics that tend to result in stigma, which means, in other words, that the mere perception of their existence may depreciate the social identity of those who have these traits. However, the emergence of prosthetic technologies enabling amputees to compete at the Olympic level against people without disabilities are provoking reactions that contradict the general rule pursuant to which one usually avoids exposing characteristics that cause stigma. Moreover, amputees stereotyped images have been increasingly reaching more media exposure as a cyborg dream that comes true: the organic body enhanced through its hybridization by means of cybernetic systems. In the midst of this imagery, the robotic exoskeleton technology derived from military industry emerges as a solution that promises to reestablish the movements of persons with spinal cord injuries. However, the obsession with their encapsulation inside supernumerary robotic bodies, to the detriment of other technologies and therapies, seems more driven by the symbolism of a simulated bipedalism, which aims to erase the differences between disabled and normal person, than actual rehabilitation. The physical disability and the bio-cybernetic technologies applied to the bodys rehabilitation and reconstruction, expose, not only the irreducible social dimension of the body, but also demonstrate that even the technical and scientific thinking operates under a symbolic logic, disguised under a presumably objective selective set of scopes and classifications. It is not a coincidence that bipedal restoration of persons with paralysis is close to the biblical miracle imagery, since the body-machine from which bio-cybernetics is the evolution, and the body of Christian cosmology rooted in the Middle Age, are not completely exclusionary. In fact, although they constitute antagonistic meaning systems, both concepts of the body share the same unconscious symbolic structures and, above all, they fulfill the same imperative of giving meaning to a reality that cannot be explained in its entirety only by reason. It is to this regard that this thesis will reflect.