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Influência da irradiação do laser de Er:YAG na adesão da resina composta à dentina, após o clareamento dental com o laser de diodoSERIKAKU, ANA L. 09 October 2014 (has links)
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12802.pdf: 3001679 bytes, checksum: ffc3fbe0d67bf135d7db2b397308dc14 (MD5) / Dissertação (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia) / IPEN/D-MPLO / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo
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Estudo in vitro da variação do pH de agentes clareadores e seu efeito sobre o desgaste e rugosidade superficial do esmalte bovino após escovação simulada / Variation of pH bleaching gels, wear and roughness of bovine enamel after tooth brushing abrasion test.Ana Carolina Trentino 20 May 2011 (has links)
Este estudo in vitro avaliou a variação do pH de géis clareadores à base de peróxido de hidrogênio de diferentes concentrações e seu efeito sobre o esmalte bovino submetido à escovação simulada. Fragmentos de esmalte de dentes bovinos com 1,5cm x 0,5cm x 0,4cm, receberam o tratamento clareador e a escovação em uma metade, ficando a outra como controle; foram divididos aleatoriamente em nove grupos (n=10): G1 = controle; G2 = Whiteness HP 35% - 3 sessões (3x15); G3 = Whiteness HP 35% - 3 sessões (1x45); G4 = Lase Peroxide 35% - 1 sessão (4x730) + ativação com luz híbrida LED/Laser; G5 = Lase Peroxide 25% - 1 sessão (4x730) + ativação com luz híbrida LED/Laser; G6 = Lase Peroxide 15% - 1 sessão (4x730) + ativação com luz híbrida LED/Laser; G7 = Whitegold Office 35% - 3 sessões (1x45); G8 = Whiteness HP Blue Calcium 35% - 3 sessões (1x40); G9 = Whiteness HP Blue Calcium 20% - 3 sessões (1x50). A rugosidade aritmética (Ra) inicial, após clareamento e após escovação foi determinada pela média (µm) de 3 leituras com o rugosímetro Hommel Tester T 1000. Os valores de pH foram determinados pelo peagômetro digital Sentron Model 1001 nos tempos inicial e final independente do número de aplicações ou de sessões. Os espécimes foram armazenados em saliva artificial por 7 dias, submetidos à 100.000 ciclos de escovação simulada. Após 24 horas o desgaste superficial foi determinado (µm) novamente com o rugosímetro Hommel Tester T1000. Os dados da análise de pH foram submetidos a ANOVA um critério e teste de Tukey (p<0,05) com diferenças estatísticas. O teste de Kruskal Wallis e Dunn (p<0,05) aplicado sobre a variação da rugosidade e desgaste apontou diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos. Os géis clareadores apresentaram uma tendência de diminuição dos valores de pH do tempo inicial para o tempo final. Os géis clareadores apresentaram um tendência de diminuição dos valores de pH do tempo inicial para o tempo final, assim como os géis com valores de pH mais próximos dos valores ácidos tendem a levar a superfície do esmalte à uma maior susceptibilidade ao aumento da rugosidade e desgaste superficial, quando submetido à escovação simulada. / This in vitro study evaluated the variation of the pH of bleaching gels, roughness and the wear on bovine enamel, after various in office bleaching protocols and brushing. Ninety fragments of enamel, measuring 15mm x 5mm, were randomly divided into nine groups (n=10) according to bleaching procedure: G1: control; G2: 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) (Whiteness HP, FGM) 3x15, 3 sessions with one week between each; G3: 35% HP (Whiteness HP, FGM) 1x45, in 3 sessions; G4: 35% HP (Lase Peroxide, DMC) + hybrid light (HL) (LED/Diode laser, Whitening Lase II, DMC Equipments), 4x730 (6 of HL activation), in 1 session; G5: 25% HP (Lase Peroxide II, DMC) + HL, 4x730 (6 of HL activation), in 1 session; G6: 15% HP (Lase Peroxide Light, DMC) 4x730 (6 of HL activation), in 1 session; G7: 35% HP (Whitegold Office, Dentsply) 3x15, in 3 sessions; G8: 35% HP (Whiteness HP Blue Calcium, FGM) 1x40, in 3 sessions; G9: 20% HP (Whiteness HP Blue Calcium, FGM) 1x50, in 3 sessions. The pH values were determined using a pH meter (Sentron Model 1001, Sentron) during the initial and final gel application times. The surface roughness (Ra) was evaluated with a rugosimeter (Hommel Tester T 1000) before and after bleaching, and after brushing (100,000 strokes). The rugosimeter was used to evaluate wear surface after 24 hours brushing. The data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests for pH values, Kruskall Wallis and Dunns test in relation to wear and surface roughness (p<0.05). It could be concluded that the pH values tended to decrease from the initial to final bleaching. After tooth brushing, bleaching procedures with highly acidic products provided a significant increase in enamel wear and surface roughness.
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Avaliação clínica da efetividade de géis clareadores de baixa concentração no clareamento em consultório de dentes polpados, com e sem o emprego de fonte de luz híbrida e condicionamento ácido prévio do esmalteMartha Beteghelli Michielin 08 May 2015 (has links)
O objetivo deste estudo clínico randomizado duplo cego boca-dividida foi avaliar, in vivo, a efetividade do condicionamento ácido prévio do esmalte e de géis clareadores a base de peróxido de hidrogênio (PH) de baixa concentração, associados a fontes de luz híbrida (LH), tendo como variáveis de reposta: sensibilidade dental, fluxo sanguíneo pulpar, grau de mudança e estabilidade de cor ao longo de 6 meses. Trinta e seis voluntários que se encaixaram nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram selecionados e randomizados em 3 grupos (n=12), de acordo com o protocolo clareador a ser utilizado. Dentro de cada grupo, um dos hemiarcos foi aleatoriamente selecionado para a realização do condicionamento ácido do esmalte, previamente a aplicação do gel clareador. Os géis que compunham os três protocolos clareadores foram: PH a 10% (experimental) associado a LH a base de LED violeta + laser de diodo (experimental); PH a 15% associado a LH a base de LED azul + laser de diodo; e PH a 35% sem ativação com fonte de luz. A sensibilidade foi avaliada com a escala VAS; a fluxometria pulpar, com o sistema Laser Doppler; e a cor pelo cálculo do ?E via espectrofotômetro. Os dados foram tratados pela análise de variância de medidas repetidas (ANOVA), Tukey e teste de Friedman (p<0,05). Com relação à sensibilidade, foram encontradas diferenças significativas na interação tempo e grupo, mas não com relação ao ácido. Quanto à vascularização pulpar, o efeito de grupo não foi rejeitado, sendo o grupo de PH a 35% o que apresentou as menores medianas para as variações percentuais, porém os efeitos de ácido e tempo não foram significativos. Quanto à cor, diferenças significantes foram encontradas entre os grupos, mas não com relação ao uso do ácido, sendo o PH a 35% o que promoveu maior aumento do ?E. Conclui-se assim que o condicionamento ácido não foi capaz de favorecer a efetividade do clareamento em função do grau de mudança e estabilidade de cor, bem como não aumentou a sensibilidade e o fluxo sanguíneo da polpa dental. A concentração dos agentes clareadores foi determinante para o grau de mudança de cor e demonstrou influenciar a sensibilidade e o fluxo sanguíneo pulpar. / The aim of this double blind split-mouth randomized clinical study was to evaluate, in vivo, the effectiveness of prior acid etching on enamel and low concentration bleaching gels based on hydrogen peroxide (HP) associated with hybrid light (HL) sources, having as response variables: dental sensitivity, dental pulp vascularization and degree of color change and stability over 6 months. Thirty-six volunteers in agreement with the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 12) according to the bleaching protocol to be used. Within each group, one of the sides was randomly selected for the execution of acid etching prior to the gel application. The three bleaching gels were: 10% HP (experimental) associated with HL-based violet LED/laser (experimental); 15% HP associated with HL-based blue LED/laser; and 35% HP without light activation. Sensitivity was evaluated with the VAS scale; pulp flowmetry by the use of the Laser Doppler system; and efficacy was evaluated by calculating the ?E via a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA), Tukeys and Friedman tests (p<0.05). Regarding sensitivity, significant differences were found in the interaction between the application time and group but not regarding etching. For dental pulp flowmetry, the group effect was not rejected, where the 35% HP showed the lowest medians for the percentile variations, but the effects of etching and time were not significant. For color, significant differences were found between the groups, but not between the sides with and without acid etching, where the 35% HP gel promoted the highest increase in ?E. It is therefore concluded that the etching was not able to favor the effectiveness of whitening due to color variation and stability, as well as not increasing sensitivity or pulp blood flow. The concentration of bleaching agents determined the degree of color change and influenced the sensitivity and blood flow of the dental pulp.
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Processo de peroxidação de açúcar tipo VHP na produção de açúcar refinado: implicações químicas, tecnológicas e microbiológicas / Clarification of the type VHP sugar syrup by hydrogen peroxide: chemical implications, technological and microbiologicalJuliana Lorenz Mandro 28 June 2016 (has links)
Atualmente, o setor sucroenergético está se tornando cada vez mais competitivo, o que de fato é incentivado, principalmente, pela representativa demanda e exigências do mercado externo. Ao se analisar a produção do açúcar refinado, podem-se encontrar barreiras para a sua ampla aceitação nacional e internacional devido ao método de clarificação empregado, uma vez que este é realizado através da queima de enxofre elementar em câmaras de combustão. O uso do sulfito acima dos limites permitidos pode ocasionar potenciais problemas de saúde pública. Neste sentido, o Brasil tem realizado estudos sobre a adoção de novas tecnologias para a substituição da sulfitação, sem alteração da qualidade do açúcar refinado a ser produzido. Partindo deste pressuposto, fez-se a avaliação do uso do peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) em solução comercial (35% v/v) como reagente alternativo ao dióxido de enxofre para obtenção de açúcar refinado com menor cor ICUMSA. Para isso, na calda de açúcar do tipo VHP, foram testadas doses distintas de peróxido de hidrogênio, aliadas a diferentes pH e temperaturas frente a um Delineamento composto central composto central, permitindo a otimização e o acompanhamento das transformações decorrentes do processo. Com isso, obteve-se como melhores condições o pH 7,5 e 10, temperaturas entre 50 e 70 °C e dosagens entre 500 e 797,6 ppm de H2O2. A análise a partir da cinética química da peroxidação da calda permitiu observar maiores reduções da cor ICUMSA em geral nos tempos de 50 a 75 minutos e nos 30 primeiros minutos para os pontos extremos de pH, temperatura e dose de H2O2. A degradação de sacarose não foi um fator expressivo quanto ao tempo, pois a mesma na maioria dos casos foi degradada nos 5 primeiros minutos e após esse tempo se mantinha sem muitas alterações, sendo mais vulnerável as condições de pH 3,32 e 11,68, altas temperaturas (83,6 °C) e máxima dosagem H2O2 (1000 ppm) aplicados. Além de favorecer a redução da cor ICUMSA da calda, o H2O2 também se mostrou como um bom agente antimicrobiano, principalmente quando associado às altas temperaturas. Agindo com maior intensidade na diminuição da carga bactériana do que na diminuição da carga fungica. A rede neural artificial (RNA) mostrou um bom ajuste e indicou a variável °Brix (teor de sólidos solúveis) como a que apresentou maior influência na redução da cor ICUMSA e a variável tempo a que menor influenciou na redução de cor. / Nowadays, the sugar-energy industry is becoming increasingly competitive, which indeed is encouraged mainly by representative demand and requirements of foreign markets. When analyzing the production of refined sugar can be found barriers to their widespread international acceptance due to the clarification method employed, since this is performed by burning elemental sulfur in combustion boilers. The use of sulfite above the permitted limits can result in potential public health problems. In this regard, Brazil has conducted studies on the adoption of new technologies to replace the sulfite, without changing the quality of the produced refined sugar. On that basis, it was done the evaluation of the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in commercial solution (35% v/v) as an alternative reagent to sulfur dioxide to obtain refined sugar with less ICUMSA color. For this the sugar liquor VHP different doses of hydrogen peroxide were tested, together with different pH and temperatures outside a central composite design, enabling optimization and monitoring of changes resulting from the process. Thus there was obtained as the best pH conditions 7.5 to 10, temperatures between 50 and 70 °C and dosages between 500 and 797.6 ppm H2O2. The analysis from the chemical kinetics of the peroxidation of the liquor has observed greater reductions in ICUMSA color in general in the time of 50 minutes to 75 minutes and in the first 25 minutes to the extremes of pH, temperature and H2O2 dose. As for sucrose degradation was not a significant factor, since it in most cases was first degraded within 5 minutes and after this time remained without many changes, being more vulnerable conditions (3.32 and 11.68), high temperatures (83.6 °C) and H2O2 maximum dosage (1000 ppm) applied. In addition to further reduce color ICUMSA H2O2 Liquor also showed such a good antimicrobial agent, particularly when combined with high temperatures. Acting with more intensity in the decrease of bacteria than the reduction of fungi. The artificial neural network (ANN) showed good fit and indicated the variable ° Brix (soluble solids) as the one with the greatest influence in reducing the ICUMSA color and variable time that less influenced the color reduction.
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The influence of enamel thickness and prior application of a desensitizing agent on dental bleaching efficacy = Influência da espessura do esmalte e da aplicação prévia de agente dessensibilizante na eficácia do clareamento dental / Influência da espessura do esmalte e da aplicação prévia de agente dessensibilizante na eficácia do clareamento dentalPúblio, Juliana do Carmo, 1984- 03 July 2013 (has links)
Orientadores: Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima, Luis Alexandre Maffei Sartini Paulillo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T12:36:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da espessura do esmalte e a aplicação prévia de dessensibilizante na eficácia do tratamento clareador. O trabalho foi dividido em 2 estudos. No primeiro estudo foi testada a influência da espessura do esmalte (0,5mm de espessura, 1,0mm de espessura planificada, 1,0mm de espessura não planificada e sem esmalte- controle) na eficácia do clareamento em profundidade, variando-se o tipo de agente clareador, peróxido de carbamida (PC) 10% e peróxido de hidrogênio (PH) 35%. No segundo estudo foi avaliada a influência da aplicação prévia de agente dessensibilizante, fluoreto de sódio 2% e nitrato de potássio 5% associado ao fluoreto de sódio 2% e, sem agente dessensibilizante (controle) na eficácia do clareamento dental com PH35%. Nos dois estudos foram usados fragmentos dentais bovinos, pigmentados por chá preto, e distribuídos por esquema inteiramente casual no primeiro estudo e aleatório por sorteio no segundo estudo (n=10) em grupos de acordo com os tratamentos acima. As amostras foram armazenadas em saliva artificial durante as 3 semanas de tratamento. As leituras de cor da dentina oposta (1,75mm de espessura) do estudo 1 e as leituras de cor do esmalte (1,0mm de espessura) e dentina oposta (1,75mm de espessura) do estudo 2 foram realizadas após o manchamento (baseline) e após cada semana de tratamento clareador, utilizando o método CIE Lab através de espectrofotômetro (Konica Minolta CM 700 d, Japan). Para o estudo 1 os valores de ?E, ?L, ?a e ?b datados foram submetidos à análise de variância ANOVA em esquema fatorial e teste de Tukey (?=0,05). Para o estudo 2, a coordenada L* datada (L=100 - lightness; L=0 - darkness) foi submetida por meio de análise de medidas repetidas PROC MIXED e teste de Tukey-Kramer e os valores de ?E datados foram submetidos à análise de variância ANOVA e teste de Tukey (?=0,05). O esmalte de 2 amostras de cada grupo do estudo 2 foi observado em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Nos resultados destes estudos pode-se observar que o clareamento com PC10% foi mais efetivo que o PH35% em profundidade dentinária para todos os parâmetros de delta, com exceção no terceiro tempo dos deltas. A presença da camada aprismática no esmalte interferiu na eficácia do PC10% somente no primeiro tempo de clareamento em ?E1, ?L1 e ?b1, entretanto não interferiu nos tempos de clareamento testado com PH35% (estudo 1). Ainda, o uso de agente dessensibilizante realizado previamente ao clareamento dental não interferiu no mecanismo de ação do PH35% em profundidade (estudo 2) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of enamel thickness and prior application of a desensitizing agent on the effectiveness of bleaching treatment. This project was divided into two studies. Firstly, we tested the influence of enamel thickness (0.5 mm thick, 1.0 mm planned thick, 1.0 mm unplanned thick and absence of enamel - control) on the effectiveness of bleaching, in-depth, according to the type of bleaching agent, as follows: 10% carbamide peroxide and 35% hydrogen peroxide. Secondly, we evaluated the influence of prior application of a desensitizing agent (potassium nitrate associated with 2% sodium fluoride, 2% neutral fluoride, or with no desensitizing agent - control) on the effectiveness of tooth bleaching by using 35% hydrogen peroxide. In both studies we used bovine teeth fragments, stained with black tea, which were allocated into groups according to the aforementioned treatments, by an entirely causal scheme for the first study and by random drawing for the second one (n=10). The specimens were stored in artificial saliva during the 3-week-treatment. Color readings of the underlying dentin (1.75 mm thick) concerning the study 1, and color readings of enamel (1.0 mm thick) and underlying dentin (1.75 mm thick) of the study 2, were performed after staining (baseline) and after each week of bleaching treatment using the CIE Lab method by means of spectrophotometer (Konica Minolta CM 700d, Japan). For the study 1, the values of ?E, ?L, ?a and ?b recorded were subjected to factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (? = 0.05). For the study 2, the coordinate L* recorded (L = 100 - lightness, L = 0 - darkness) was submitted to analysis of repeated measures PROC MIXED and Tukey-Kramer's test, and the ? values registered underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (? = 0.05). The enamel of 2 specimens from each group of the study 2 was observed under scanning electron microscopy. According to the findings, it could be observed that the bleaching with 10% CP was more effective than that with 35% PH as regards dentin depth for all parameters delta, except the third time deltas. The presence of the prismless layer of enamel interfered with the effectiveness of 10% CP just in the first time of bleaching in ?E1, ?L1and ?b1, however it did not affect the times of bleaching when 35% HP was tested (study 1). In addition, the use of a desensitizing agent prior to tooth bleaching did not interfere with the mechanism of action of the 35% hydrogen peroxide concerning tooth depth (study 2) / Mestrado / Dentística / Mestra em Clínica Odontológica
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The Development of High Performance Liquid Chromatography Systems for the Analysis of Improvised ExplosivesBottegal, Megan N 23 March 2010 (has links)
Existing instrumental techniques must be adaptable to the analysis of novel explosives if science is to keep up with the practices of terrorists and criminals. The focus of this work has been the development of analytical techniques for the analysis of two types of novel explosives: ascorbic acid-based propellants, and improvised mixtures of concentrated hydrogen peroxide/fuel. In recent years, the use of these explosives in improvised explosive devices (IEDs) has increased. It is therefore important to develop methods which permit the identification of the nature of the original explosive from post-blast residues. Ascorbic acid-based propellants are low explosives which employ an ascorbic acid fuel source with a nitrate/perchlorate oxidizer. A method which utilized ion chromatography with indirect photometric detection was optimized for the analysis of intact propellants. Post-burn and post-blast residues if these propellants were analyzed. It was determined that the ascorbic acid fuel and nitrate oxidizer could be detected in intact propellants, as well as in the post-burn and post-blast residues. Degradation products of the nitrate and perchlorate oxidizers were also detected. With a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QToFMS), exact mass measurements are possible. When an HPLC instrument is coupled to a QToFMS, the combination of retention time with accurate mass measurements, mass spectral fragmentation information, and isotopic abundance patterns allows for the unequivocal identification of a target analyte. An optimized HPLC-ESI-QToFMS method was applied to the analysis of ascorbic acid-based propellants. Exact mass measurements were collected for the fuel and oxidizer anions, and their degradation products. Ascorbic acid was detected in the intact samples and half of the propellants subjected to open burning; the intact fuel molecule was not detected in any of the post-blast residue. Two methods were optimized for the analysis of trace levels of hydrogen peroxide: HPLC with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD), and HPLC with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED). Both techniques were extremely selective for hydrogen peroxide. Both methods were applied to the analysis of post-blast debris from improvised mixtures of concentrated hydrogen peroxide/fuel; hydrogen peroxide was detected on variety of substrates. Hydrogen peroxide was detected in the post-blast residues of the improvised explosives TATP and HMTD.
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Chemical degradation of PFAS using hydrogen peroxide and persulfateBannister, Jonathan January 2020 (has links)
PFAS are a group of relatively newly discovered man-made pollutants. PFAS contains a C-F bond which is one of the strongest bonds in organic chemistry. Therefore, PFAS are not easily degradable and, once release into nature, are very persistent. PFAS are also labile in natural environments and therefore, they can sometimes be found far from the source of pollution. Their persistent and labile nature, in combination with their bioaccumulation ability and human health effects make of this compounds an important contaminant to take care of. Currently there are not stablish, wellfunctioning methods to treat contaminated soils and waters. A lot of research is performed at the moment to find good treatment options. In this work a test to chemically degraded spiked samples of PFOA, PFOS and PFBA was performed. By means of experimental design tools, we aim to evaluate which operational factors are relevant for this treatment. Best results when using hydrogen peroxide as a reactant was 70% degradation for PFOS and 42% degradation for PFOA. When persulfate was used as a reactant, a 57% degradation of PFOS, 99% degradation of PFOA and 99% degradation of PFBA was achieved.
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Facile Nitrogen-Doping of Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes for Detection of Hydrogen PeroxideNkyaagye, Emmanuel 01 December 2021 (has links)
Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) have garnered much attention as sensors due to their simplicity and relatively low cost. However, to impart necessary selectivity and sensitivity for specific applications, modification of the SPCE surface, which can involve time-consuming procedures or costly equipment/materials, is typically required. Here, a simple nitrogen-doping process based on NH4OH was used to modify SPCEs prepared from commercially available ink for electrochemical detection of H2O2, a common target for biosensing strategies and indicator of cell stress. XPS studies showed that NH4OH treatment of SPCEs led to a nearly 5-fold increase in surface nitrogen content (from 0.28% to 1.34%). Compared to SPCEs, nitrogen-doped SPCEs (N-SPCEs) demonstrated enhanced current and lower onset potentials for H2O2 reduction. Amperometric detection of H2O2 at an applied potential of -0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) using N-SPCEs also exhibited a wider linear range, lower detection limit, and higher sensitivity than SPCEs.
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Účinnost separace vodních polutantů na poloprovozním fotoreaktoru / Separation efficiency of water pollutants on pilot plant photoreactorMelicher, Daniel January 2019 (has links)
The thesis deals with photocatalysis of organic pollutants on UV-activated anatase particles, on UV-activated anatase particles with hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen peroxide itself. The measurement is carried out on a pilot plant UV photoreactor. The aim of the thesis is to determine the effectiveness of azo dyes and antibiotics degradation. The level of azo dyes and antibiotics degradation is measured by UV-VIS spectrometry.
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Cytotoxic molecules of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae and their relationship with biofilm growthNzenwata, Davidson Ugochukwu 19 November 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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