Abstract The study explores the narratives on the 1988 death of 28 year old British tourist, Julie Ann Ward in Kenya's Maasai Mara Game Reserve. Julie Ward's death in Kenya attracted widespread attention in Kenya and Britain culminating in at least three true crime books, significant media coverage and rumours in Kenya. The study reflects on the narratives on Julie Ward's death, with particular interest in the discourses that gained expression through, or were inscribed, on Julie Ward's death and the quest for her killers. The study is also interested in the ways in which the Julie Ward case and the discourses it inspired offer a critique of rationality, and the accompanying unity of the subject, expressed through a logocentric impulse as key tenets of a Western modernity that continues to mediate metropolitan readings of postcolonial Africa. The study reveals that Julie Ward's death traversed various discursive sites, which were laden with specific ideas on race, gender, the postcolonial African state, Western modernity, female sexuality and black male sexuality, among a host of other issues; all of which tinted British and Kenyan narratives on the circumstances surrounding the death. The study argues that the authors of the three books on the Ward tragedy rely on colonial archives on Africa, and actively mobilize notions such as the myth of the uncontrollable black male libido and its threat to the vulnerable white woman in understanding the Ward tragedy. While these writers cling to these notions of the black peril, the noble savages, Africa as the tourist's wildlife paradise, and the dysfunctional postcolonial state; Kenyan publics read the murder as another symptom of a criminal political elite's brutal deployment of violence to secure immunity for its criminal activities.However, the two sets of ideas are largely disarticulated, and as the study reveals, the British stakeholders in the case are blinded by a rigid polarization of Kenya and Britain, which presumes a superior British moral and technological integrity. These assumptions blind the Ward family to British complicity in the cover up of the truth in Julie Ward's murder; while at the same time, rendering them illiterate in the local textualities which remain inaccessible to the instruments of Western modernity that are privileged in the quest for truth and justice in the Julie Ward murder. Julie Ward’s presence in Kenya, her death and the subsequent quest for her killers is consistently haunted by neat dichotomies, derived from various masternarratives. The study traces these dichotomies, in a bid to outline their configurations and the outcomes of their deployment, while consistently keeping the grey areas of entanglements between these dichotomies in sight. It is in these grey areas that we see the contradictions, blindspots, critiques, complicities and forms of agency that were at play just under the radar of these neat polarities. From these grey terrains, we catch glimpses of the workings of these dichotomies as discursive masks which conceal the faultlines that rend the masternarratives. The study finds that in many ways, Julie Ward's death in Kenya may be positioned in a transitional space between colonial whiteness and an emergent postcolonial whiteness, which betrays heavy imprints of the grammars of colonial whiteness, including the messianic white male authority, wildlife tourism and conservation. To this end, the study suggests, one of the factors that hampers the quest for truth and justice in the Ward case is the failure to forge viable grammars of whiteness in the postcolonial context. Such viable grammars would be able to access local textualities and retain an awareness of the underlying complicities and faultlines that now rig colonial Manichean binaries, which are largely mediated by the interests of capital. The novel The Constant Gardener and the film Ivory Hunters (1989) - both of which make implicit allusions to the Julie Ward case – eloquently articulate these complicities and faultlines.

In recent years, the study of the body has developed rapidly across many disciplines, including visual art, art history, gender and cultural studies, queer theory and sociology among others. In regards to the body, definitions of the “human,” “sub-human,” “acceptable,” “unspeakable” and “non-human” vary widely depending on the societal context. In Western culture, artists have introduced new bodies and ideas to viewers. What may have been unspeakable a century ago, such as the queer body and self-asserting sexual female body, is now more commonplace, although there is still resistance. The introduction of new and unspeakable bodies is always met with controversy. Often the contested unspeakable body is not new but rather is brought into visibility in public spaces that have been purposed for the representation of normative dominant bodies that ‘belonged.’ This paper has two aims; one is to reflect on the figure of the “unspeakable” body in collective national memory, past and present; the second aim is to ask questions about the role of art and visual culture in contesting, decoding and re-figuring discourses of national identity and the ideal citizenry.

The goal of my dissertation is to describe the history of the South Korean1 space program and to use it to offer some insights on reframing space history from a global point of view. South Korea is a new player among the space faring nations. While some of the necessary infrastructure was put in place in the 30 years after the launch of Sputnik, the country only really made a commitment space in the 1990s, developing rapidly to become a significant presence today. The launch of KITsat-1 (Uribyul-1, the first Korean satellite) in 1992 marks its first major achievement, after which it built up its technological capabilities in the space sector in a relatively short period. South Korea now has twelve satellites and operates several space projects, and successfully developed its first space launch vehicle, KSLV-1, also known as Naro, in 2013. Although KSLV-1 is derived from the first stage of the Russian Angara rocket, combined with a solid-fueled second stage built by South Korea, its successful launch was the crucial step for the development of the country’s civilian space program. South Korea aims to develop the first wholly Korean-made launch rocket, KSLV-2 by 2020, which will additionally be used to launch a moon orbiter later that year. Korea’s recent aspiration to space exploration can be seen as part of global narrative in which the conquest of space is not dominated by a few superpowers. Our understanding of the past half-century of space development is, however, still firmly rooted in the framework of the old Cold-War-centered approach to space history. Until recently, only large and powerful nations have been able to mobilize the resources necessary for access to space, so the early years of space exploration produced a simple narrative: a fierce space competition between the Soviet Union and the U. S., with a few countries following behind in a struggle to increase their presence in space. Yet emerging powers’ stories of space development were barely noticed in comparison with the abundant literature on the space history of the super-powers and the increasing literature on middle-range space powers. In order to situate the South Korean space program in this evolving global context, this dissertation attempts to answer the following critical questions: What is the origin of Korean space development? Why is South Korea a late-comer in space, and why is it becoming more active today? How have its motivations and rationales evolved in defining relationships with other countries including the U.S., Russia, France, China, Japan, and even North Korea? Why does it continue to emphasize the need for “Korean” technology in space? In essence, what is Korean about the Korean space program? I seek answers to these questions by examining the relationship between a “space program” and “the construction of national identity” in a political, social, and transnational context. Through historical analysis, I will show that South Korea’s space program has been primarily driven by nationalistic rationales implicit in the argument that space development served “modernization,” “self-defense,”, “economic security”, and “national prestige.” By tracing the multiple links between technological prowess and national imagination, I connect these four rationales using to periodization; 1950s~1960s, 1970~1984, 1985~1997, and 1998~2013. A close examination of the history of the development of space exploration in South Korea offers a fertile ground for exploring the question how the rationales of space development have evolved as the Korean state worked on nation-building in a global context.

Denna uppsats syftar till att ge en insikt i hur svenska forskare påverkade forskningspolitiken genom sin syn på vetenskapen och dess möjligheter under 1950-talet. Genom att analysera prominenta forskares tal under den till viss del forskningspolitiska konferensen Tekniken och morgondagens samhälle har en bild kunnat tecknas upp där forskarna aktivt presenterade och definierade forskningen på ett sådant sätt att den skulle vara oumbärlig för framtidens samhälle samtidigt som forskarna de presenterade vad som var önskvärd vetenskap. Genom gränsdragningsarbete och med hjälp av sociotechnical imaginaries utreds hur vetenskapens företrädare hade tolkningsföreträde när det gällde att definiera och presentera vad framtidens vetenskap skulle innehålla samt hur man passade in den i dåtidens politiska narrativ.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação busca investigar imaginários sobre memória social nas redes sociais on-line. Para tanto, analisam-se comentários deixados nas fan pages (páginas de fãs) Fortaleza Nobre, de Fortaleza, e O Rio de Janeiro Que Não vivi, do Rio de Janeiro, no site de rede social Facebook. O trabalho parte da hipótese de que os comentadores experimentam uma experiência com a cidade sensível ao curtir, comentar e compartilhar imagens antigas na sociabilidade, entendida como expressão comunicativa, observada nas duas comunidades virtuais. O principal objetivo da pesquisa é descobrir o que dão a ler os textos deixados em postagens públicas, no que diz respeito a espacialidades, temporalidades e sensorialidades evocadas pela cidade habitada e pela cidade perpassada pelo imaginário. Para tal abordagem, utiliza-se como metodologia de pesquisa a etnografia em meios digitais aliada às contribuições teóricas da hermenêutica, a partir da abordagem ricoeuriana de texto. Tendo em vista o caráter histórico e transdisciplinar do objeto, verdadeiros rastros escritos, a pesquisa tem como referenciais teóricos textos da Escola de Toronto, da História Cultural, da Geografia Cultural e da antropologia. Também serão caras à análise contribuições da sociologia do imaginário, dos estudos em memória social e a perspectiva de pesquisadores brasileiros que problematizam as relações entre comunicação e o sensível. A pesquisa aponta para a ocorrência do devaneio na web como expressão desse contato com a cidade sensível. Os comentários falam de uma valorização da experiência vivida e de construções arquetípicas sobre o espaço e o tempo condutoras de relações sacralizadas e monumentais com a memória e com as fotografias / This dissertation investigates imaginary about social memory in online social networks. Therefore, it analyzes comments left in fan pages Fortaleza Nobre, from Fortaleza, and O Rio de Janeiro Que Não Vivi, from Rio de Janeiro, based on networking site Facebook. The paper takes as assumption that the commenters experience an experience with the sensitive city by to like, commenting and sharing old pictures by sociability, understood as communicative expression, observed in both virtual communities. The main objective of the research is to find out the meanings of the texts left in public posts, with regard to spatiality, temporality and sensorialities evoked by the inhabited city and the city permeated by the imaginary. For this approach, the research methodology is based on ethnography in digital media combined with the theoretical contributions of hermeneutics, mainly from the ricoeurian approach of text. Given the historical character and transdisciplinary of the object, seen as written tracks, the research dialogues with theoretical texts of the of the Toronto School of Communication, Cultural History, Cultural Geography and anthropology. Also will be costly to the analysis contributions from sociology of imaginary and social memory studies, besides the prospect of Brazilian researchers that discuss about the relationship between communication and the sensitive. The research points to the occurrence of daydream on the web as an expression of this contact with the sensitive city. The comments tell us about a recovery of lived experience and archetypal texts about time and space. They conduce to sacralized and monumental relationship with memory and photographs

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação busca investigar imaginários sobre memória social nas redes sociais on-line. Para tanto, analisam-se comentários deixados nas fan pages (páginas de fãs) Fortaleza Nobre, de Fortaleza, e O Rio de Janeiro Que Não vivi, do Rio de Janeiro, no site de rede social Facebook. O trabalho parte da hipótese de que os comentadores experimentam uma experiência com a cidade sensível ao curtir, comentar e compartilhar imagens antigas na sociabilidade, entendida como expressão comunicativa, observada nas duas comunidades virtuais. O principal objetivo da pesquisa é descobrir o que dão a ler os textos deixados em postagens públicas, no que diz respeito a espacialidades, temporalidades e sensorialidades evocadas pela cidade habitada e pela cidade perpassada pelo imaginário. Para tal abordagem, utiliza-se como metodologia de pesquisa a etnografia em meios digitais aliada às contribuições teóricas da hermenêutica, a partir da abordagem ricoeuriana de texto. Tendo em vista o caráter histórico e transdisciplinar do objeto, verdadeiros rastros escritos, a pesquisa tem como referenciais teóricos textos da Escola de Toronto, da História Cultural, da Geografia Cultural e da antropologia. Também serão caras à análise contribuições da sociologia do imaginário, dos estudos em memória social e a perspectiva de pesquisadores brasileiros que problematizam as relações entre comunicação e o sensível. A pesquisa aponta para a ocorrência do devaneio na web como expressão desse contato com a cidade sensível. Os comentários falam de uma valorização da experiência vivida e de construções arquetípicas sobre o espaço e o tempo condutoras de relações sacralizadas e monumentais com a memória e com as fotografias / This dissertation investigates imaginary about social memory in online social networks. Therefore, it analyzes comments left in fan pages Fortaleza Nobre, from Fortaleza, and O Rio de Janeiro Que Não Vivi, from Rio de Janeiro, based on networking site Facebook. The paper takes as assumption that the commenters experience an experience with the sensitive city by to like, commenting and sharing old pictures by sociability, understood as communicative expression, observed in both virtual communities. The main objective of the research is to find out the meanings of the texts left in public posts, with regard to spatiality, temporality and sensorialities evoked by the inhabited city and the city permeated by the imaginary. For this approach, the research methodology is based on ethnography in digital media combined with the theoretical contributions of hermeneutics, mainly from the ricoeurian approach of text. Given the historical character and transdisciplinary of the object, seen as written tracks, the research dialogues with theoretical texts of the of the Toronto School of Communication, Cultural History, Cultural Geography and anthropology. Also will be costly to the analysis contributions from sociology of imaginary and social memory studies, besides the prospect of Brazilian researchers that discuss about the relationship between communication and the sensitive. The research points to the occurrence of daydream on the web as an expression of this contact with the sensitive city. The comments tell us about a recovery of lived experience and archetypal texts about time and space. They conduce to sacralized and monumental relationship with memory and photographs

abstract: Tucked peacefully into mountains just north of the City of São Paulo, the largest metropolitan area in South America, sits the Cantareira Reservoir System. This massive water catchment network received worldwide coverage in 2014 and 2015 as one of the worst droughts in a century hit the region, threatening to collapse the system. In the years since the peak of the drought, the media has changed its focus, the reservoirs have begun a slow recovery, but the people of the region have had to live with the consequences of this difficult period. Faced with an uncertain future, the people continue to grapple with the historic struggles of rural life, while being faced by new threats to the social, environmental, and technological order that has for a long time stabilized the region. My thesis explores the narrative imaginaries that individuals have pertaining to their personal future and that of the region. It delves into the identity of the Rural Producer, the battle to conserve and preserve native forest, issues surrounding the governance of common resources, and what actors perceive to be the biggest advantages and threats to the sustainable future of the region. Utilizing a set of twenty expert elicitation interviews, data was collected from a variety of actors representing a number of roles and positions within the system. My analysis connects disparate individual narratives, illuminating how they connect together with the narratives of other respondents, creating a regional narrative that illustrates a set of desired outcomes for the region. This paper does not attempt to operationalize solutions for the issues that face the region, it does however serve to provide a context for the historical and contemporary issues that exist, a means by which to consider how they may be approached, and ultimately as a tool for policy makers to make more informed decisions going forward. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Global Technology and Development 2019

This essay analyses the use of media as an instigator of tourism as it creates perceptions of Svalbard in the minds of prospective and former tourists. It explores what these created imaginations about Svalbard as a destination and experience mean for individuals who have been submitted by a curated image in media, made for the profit of the tourism industry. The essay uses accounts from three different informants who all belong to different categories; one has been there several times, another has been there once, and the third not at all. The analysis of their experiences and expected experiences is made through the theoretical framework posed by Noel B. Salazar theory of imaginaries and Arjun Appadurai’s mediascape, ethnoscape, and imaginative worlds and communities. This study means to show that the individual experience is necessarily impacted by their preemptive expectations, which is strongly, almost entirely, influenced by the image and idea of “otherness” which media has projected.

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