Thesis (Th. M.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 1983. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [57]-64).

In spite of legislative, judicial, and governmental initiatives, Indigenous youth continue to face over-representation in the Canadian criminal justice system. While the Government of Canada appears to be closer than ever to accepting wide scale self-governance of Indigenous peoples, there are a number of obstacles within the proposed solutions that will continue to prevent Indigenous youth from achieving sentencing equity. This thesis asks the question, to what extent can the Youth Criminal Justice Act and supporting regulations be reformed in order to effectively “rehabilitate and reintegrate” Indigenous youth and serve the Government of Canada mandate of “reconciliation;” or, considering the colonialist underpinning of Canadian legislation, to what extent do Indigenous youth require alternative solutions to establish equitable justice? In answering this question, this thesis engages the theoretical framework of Critical Race Theory to examine existing legislation, jurisprudence, programs, and institutions geared towards creating sentencing equity for Indigenous youth in Canada, ultimately proposing recommendations for a more fair criminal justice system.

Political recognition of the multicultural nature of Mexico has advanced the understanding of how people live together, as well as how they value and respect each other’s differences. The migration of indigenous populations from rural areas of the country to urban settings has transformed the cities, and also schools, into places of remarkable cultural diversity. This study examines the processes of identity formation of indigenous children in two urban schools in Jalisco, Mexico. By studying the processes of identity formation, I focus on understanding how indigenous children represent themselves within the wider social discourses and dynamics of power, which might be either reinforcing or limiting their opportunities to strengthen their ethnicity. By using an ethnographic approach, from a critical theory perspective, this study focus on listening to indigenous children’s voices, rather than the other voices and experiences within the school setting. The study was conducted in two schools in the municipality of Zapopan, in the State of Jalisco, Mexico. Over a period of 14 months, I conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 indigenous children, balanced by gender and age, from 4 different ethnic groups: Mazahua, Nahua, Purepecha, and Totonaco. I also interviewed 22 mestizo children, 10 teachers, 3 principals, and 7 parents. The schooling experiences of indigenous children are discussed in the study. Elements such as language use, territory (geographic and symbolic), family networks, and their attachment to their communities of origin were identified as the crucial factors for indigenous children to represent, or sometimes deny, themselves as being indigenous. The analysis also highlights the silences, racism, and ethnic blindness that indigenous children face in urban schools. Meritocratic educational approaches within neoliberal discourses of competition, individual effort, and autonomy were embedded in the children’s schooling experiences, thereby shaping their learner identities. This study seeks to contribute to the pursuit of providing indigenous children with educational services that recognise and reinforce their ethnic identity. It is also my objective that children’s voices open up a dialogue with those responsible for the educational and social policies, in order to create a common front that might challenge the racism veiled as indifference and/or a desire for ‘equality’ in Mexican urban schools.

This dissertation analyzes the intersections of different forms of migrations, and how such intersections shape and are shaped by gendered kinship and care relationships. In other words, I analyze how the ways in which people relate, and how they define and redefine their gender identities as they become mobile in diverse ways. This dissertation is based on ethnographic research conducted with the Zapotec community of Zegache, Oaxaca. Research took place in Oaxaca (Mexico), Mexico City, and Oregon. I approach the study of different migrations from a transborder perspective that is able to better capture how the crossing of different borders (national, regional, ethnic, rural and urban) has different meanings and consequences for migrant men and women from Zegache. I analyze how different forms of mobility and migration are constructed and discussed in scholarly works and “in the field.” The definition of who is a migrant is even more complicated as we consider that men and women from Zegache often engage in more than one form of migration. Thus, women who migrate to Mexico City sometimes will also migrate to the U.S. Even if women don’t migrate, they are increasingly becoming mobile and commuting to Oaxaca City, and are often in families with transnational migrants. In the same manner, men who join the military (which, I argue, is a form of migration) often become transnational migrants themselves. This dissertation looks at the articulations of intersecting migrations shows how relatedness and gender identities become constructed and re-constructed when people become mobile.

Douglas (Doug) LaFortune is a Coast Salish Master Carver and Graphic Artist of both Quw’utsun’ (Cowichan) and Tsawout, WSÁNEĆ (Saanich) heritage, with an artistic career spanning over four decades (City of Duncan 2013:2,6,21,28; Coastal Peoples n.d.). By examining how Douglas’ life and work are intertwined in the active practice of his culture, this thesis challenges harmful Euro-settler institutional narratives of Indigenous art that privilege authenticity-as-tradition and place Indigenous cultures in a mythical pre-contact past, thus dismissing references to their lived experiences as inauthentic (Phillips 2012:113; Tupper et al. 2013:42). This project is rooted in community. Douglas and his wife Kathleen told my supervisor, Dr. Andrea Walsh, that they wished to organize their collection of Douglas’ drawings and prints (dating from the 70s until the present). Dr. Walsh recommended me (Justine Drummond) for this work, and I agreed to catalogue, photograph, and organize the collection. Through examining Douglas’ collection and work as a whole, I witnessed the relationality of his artistic practice, as it is inextricable from family, place, and culture (Wilson 2008:80, 87). This was further illuminated in interviews with Douglas, Kathleen, and their granddaughter, Seneca, which I conducted through collaborative witnessing, wherein I acted as a co-storyteller with the participants (Adams et al. 2015:4,54-56). The thesis structure is as follows: the introduction outlines my research objectives and a brief biography of Douglas; chapter 2 reviews the literature on decolonizing approaches towards Coast Salish art; chapter 3 details my methodology and data collection process; chapter 4 presents Douglas, Kathleen, and Seneca discussing their lives as lived through art; chapter 5 explores Douglas’ collection, and his entire body of artistic work; and chapter 6 is the conclusion. / Graduate

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:07:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fuscaldo_aia_me_ia.pdf: 931029 bytes, checksum: 256ba3492c65e5c0f50b51065b9afbcb (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta dissertação caracteriza-se como estudo a respeito de atividades oníricomusicais a’uwe e processos de construção de conhecimento a elas vinculados. Destaca-se do contexto estudado a noção de pegar cantos nos sonhos e o fato de que cada geração de homens é orientada desde a infância pelos mais velhos, para que aprendam esta prática. A esses processos estão vinculadas noções de sonho, música e sobre o que entendemos como construção de saberes, investigadas, sobretudo, a partir de exercícios de tradução e análise de relatos de sonhos com cantos, narrados por homens a’uwe. As reflexões aqui apresentadas foram desenvolvidas a partir de um primeiro contato com pessoas do povo A’uwe (Xavante) no ano de 2001, de estudo bibliográfico e de estadias nas aldeias Pimentel Barbosa e Wederã (2006, quinze dias) e na aldeia Etenhiritipa (2010, dois meses), situadas na Reserva Rio das Mortes no Estado do Mato Grosso / This dissertation is characterized as a study about dream-musical activities a'uwe and construction processes of knowledge linked to them. Stands out from the context studied the notion of taking corners in dreams and the fact that each generation of men is driven since childhood by their elders, to learn this practice. To these processes are linked to notions of dreams, music and what we understand as knowledge construction, investigated mainly from exercises of translation and analysis of dream reports with songs, narrated by men a'uwe. The ideas presented here were developed from a first contact with the common people A'uwe (Xavante) in 2001, studied literature and overnight stays in villages and Wederã Pimentel Barbosa (2006, fifteen days) and in the village Etenhiritipa (2010, two months), located in the Rio das Mortes Reserve, in the state of Mato Grosso

Orientador: Maurizio Babini / Banca: Maria Aparecida Barbosa / Banca: Marieta Prata de LIma Dias / Banca: Marilei Amadeu Sabino / Banca: Adriane Orenha Ottaiano / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal propor um modelo de dicionário terminológico onomasiológico multilíngue para crianças, com o propósito de divulgar as línguas indígenas. Tal dicionário é composto de 258 termos da fauna brasileira, organizados em anfíbios, aves, mamíferos, peixes e répteis, com equivalentes nas línguas indígenas Arara, Kadiwéu, Karitiana, Parintintín, Xavante e Zoró. Os termos foram coletados a partir dos corpora compilados de dicionários e vocabulários nas línguas empregadas. O protótipo é fundamentado no modelo de dicionário terminológico onomasiológico proposto por Babini (2001b), no qual esse autor trata a recuperação da informação lexical em um dicionário onomasiológico. Para que seja possível efetuar buscas de tipo onomasiológico foram utilizados semas costumeiramente existentes na fala infantil, em língua portuguesa, que descrevem as características dos animais. Além da busca onomasiológica o dicionário permite também buscas de tipo semasiológico, tradicionalmente implementadas na maioria dos dicionários eletrônicos. O dicionário foi realizado em uma plataforma eletrônica que poderá ser futuramente utilizada para a confecção de outros dicionários terminológicos eletrônicos / Abstract: The main objective of this thesis is to propose a model of a terminological onomasiological multilingual dictionary for children, aimed at promoting the indigenous languages. Such dictionary is composed of 258 terms of the Brazilian fauna, categorized into amphibians, birds, mammals, fish and reptiles, with equivalents in these indigenous languages: Arara, Kadiwéu, Karitiana, Parintintín, Xavante e Zoró. The terms were collected from corpora compiled from dictionaries and vocabularies in the studied languages. The prototype relies on a model of onomasiological terminological dictionary, proposed by Babini (2001), in which the author tackles lexical information retrieval in an onomasiological dictionary. In order to perform onomasiological searches, existing semes in children's speech were used, in the Portuguese language, which describe animal features. Besides the onomasiological search, the dictionary also allows semasiological searches, traditionally implemented in most electronic dictionaries. The dictionary was developed in an electronic platform that may be used in the future so as to build other eletronic terminological dictionaries / Doutor

Orientador: Luiza H. S. Christov / Coorientador: Rosângela P. de Tugny / Banca: Tania Stolze Lima / Banca: Paulo R. Maia Figueiredo / Resumo: Esta dissertação caracteriza-se como estudo a respeito de atividades oníricomusicais a'uwe e processos de construção de conhecimento a elas vinculados. Destaca-se do contexto estudado a noção de pegar cantos nos sonhos e o fato de que cada geração de homens é orientada desde a infância pelos mais velhos, para que aprendam esta prática. A esses processos estão vinculadas noções de sonho, música e sobre o que entendemos como construção de saberes, investigadas, sobretudo, a partir de exercícios de tradução e análise de relatos de sonhos com cantos, narrados por homens a'uwe. As reflexões aqui apresentadas foram desenvolvidas a partir de um primeiro contato com pessoas do povo A'uwe (Xavante) no ano de 2001, de estudo bibliográfico e de estadias nas aldeias Pimentel Barbosa e Wederã (2006, quinze dias) e na aldeia Etenhiritipa (2010, dois meses), situadas na Reserva Rio das Mortes no Estado do Mato Grosso / Abstract: This dissertation is characterized as a study about dream-musical activities a'uwe and construction processes of knowledge linked to them. Stands out from the context studied the notion of taking corners in dreams and the fact that each generation of men is driven since childhood by their elders, to learn this practice. To these processes are linked to notions of dreams, music and what we understand as knowledge construction, investigated mainly from exercises of translation and analysis of dream reports with songs, narrated by men a'uwe. The ideas presented here were developed from a first contact with the common people A'uwe (Xavante) in 2001, studied literature and overnight stays in villages and Wederã Pimentel Barbosa (2006, fifteen days) and in the village Etenhiritipa (2010, two months), located in the Rio das Mortes Reserve, in the state of Mato Grosso / Mestre

Este trabalho apresenta os estudos realizados de alguns aspectos semânticos da língua Munduruku (do tronco lingüístico Tupi), falada por mais de 7500 índios da nação conhecida pelo mesmo nome, que estão distribuídos por cerca de noventa aldeias no Pará, Amazonas e inclusive no Mato Grosso. Este trabalho circunscreveu-se ao grupo pertencente à aldeia Munduruku \"Praia do Mangue\", no oeste do Pará. Após uma sucinta apresentação do povo, parte-se para uma breve descrição morfossintática da língua, onde deparamos com o tema principal dessa dissertação: os classificadores nominais. Nesta língua, os substantivos são acrescidos de afixos nominais, que possuem a função de estabelecer uma relação associativa entre o nome e seu referente espacial. Neste trabalho busca-se provar que os classificadores geram significado através da carga semântica que possuem e, para poder chegar a esses resultados, revisamos as teorias da motivação ou arbitrariedade do signo lingüístico, a metáfora e suas peculiaridades, a metonímia com suas relações e a possível migração de uma estrutura metafórica existente para uma metonímica. O fundamento principal dessa dissertação é a propositura de Ullmann de que, em muitas línguas, palavras surgem das relações associativas que o falante tece em sua mente, estabelecendo um vínculo metafórico entre referente e referido. Tipo de relações que, nesta dissertação, transportamos para os afixos classificadores da língua Munduruku. Aplicando-se tais teorias aos classificadores usados nesta língua, consegue-se provar o fundo semântico inserido nos afixos e mais; a migração de um classificador de origem metafórica para uma metonímia. / This dissertation presents studies accomplished regarding some semantic aspects of the language Munduruku (Tupi language of the Munduruku family) spoken by over 7500 individuals of the homonymous nation. These people are spread around ninety villages situated in the states of Pará, Amazonas and also Mato Grosso. The developed research is restricted to the Munduruku indigenous village \"Praia do Mangue\" in western of Pará. After a succinct presentation of the Munduruku nation, we approach some aspects morphological and syntatics of the language. Finally, the subject matter involved in this dissertation: The nominal classifiers. In this language nouns are added with nominal affixes with the function to establish an associative relation between the noun and its spatial referent. In this work, we tried to demonstrate that classifiers generate meaning trough their semantic contents. To reach these results we checked the theory of motivation, the arbitrariness of the linguistics signs, the metaphor and its particularities, the metonymy and its relationship, as well as the posible migration fom a metaphorical structure to a metonymy. The theoretical fundaments adopted here are the Ullmann\'s propositions that says that in several languages, words become from the associative relationship that the speaker accomplish in his mind establishing a metaphorical bond between referring and referred. This kind of relationship we transported to the Munduruku language and its classifier affix. Applying these theories to the classifiers used in the Munduruku language, we can to prove the semantic properties inserted in the affixes, and more: the migration from metaphorical classifiers to another figure to speech; the metonymy.

Esta tese tem a finalidade de apresentar estudos sobre o turismo, o território e a modernidade. Para isto, realiza-se um debate teórico e metodológico sobre os usos dos diferentes conceitos de território. Dentro desta lógica, insere-se o turismo como alavanca do desenvolvimento com base local. De uma parte, analisa-se o turismo indígena e, de outra, estuda-se o turismo em territórios indígenas. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa de campo divide-se entre os estudos etnológicos, etnográficos, pesquisa-ação, pesquisa-participante e a literatura sobre turismo e desenvolvimento com base local. O trabalho de campo entre os Krahô ocorreu entre os anos de 2004, 2005 e 2006, permitindo levantar informações sobre a ocorrência do turismo nas comunidades e associações indígenas, assim como propor o entendimento sobre o turismo nos sentidos econômico, político, cultural e ambiental. O turismo emissivo indígena pode ser definido como aquele em que os indígenas das várias etnias viajam para as cidades locais, regionais, nacionais e internacionais para participarem de eventos (Jogos Indígenas, etc.). O turismo em territórios indígenas se define como aquele que ocorre no interior dos territórios indígenas (Feira Krahô de Sementes Tradicionais, etc.). Os territórios das populações autóctones no Brasil estão adquirindo sentido de territórios descontínuos e de territórios-rede, pois todas as etnias possuem mobilidades de seus territórios para outras territorialidades. Portanto, tanto o turismo emissivo indígena quanto o turismo receptivo em territórios indígenas contribuem para a construção da elevação da auto-estima dos índios, para a venda do artesanato e, por último, para a constituição de novas multiterritorialidades turísticas. / This thesis aims at submitting studies about tourism, territory and modernity. For such, a theoretical and methodological debate on the uses of the different territory concepts takes place. Within this logic, tourism is inserted as development with local base. On the one hand, we analyze indigenous tourism, and on the other hand, we study tourism in indigenous territories. The methodology used in the field research is divided among ethnologic, ethnographic studies, research-action, research-participant and the literature on tourism and development with local base. The field work among the Krahô took place between the years 2004, 2005 and 2006, allowing to survey information on the occurrence of tourism in the indigenous communities and associations, as well as proposing the understanding on tourism in the economical, political, cultural and environmental senses. The emissive indigenous tourism can be defined as the one where the natives of the different ethnic groups travel to the local, regional, national and international cities to take part in events (Indigenous Games, etc.). The tourism in indigenous territories is defined as the one taking place within the indigenous territories (Krahô Fair of Traditional Seeds, etc.). The territories of the autochthonous populations in Brazil are acquiring sense of discontinuous territories and network-territories, because all the ethnic groups can move from their territories to other territories. Therefore, both emissive indigenous tourism as well as the receptive tourism in indigenous territories contribute for elevating the self-esteem of the Indians, for selling handicraft and, for last, for constituting new multi-territory tourism.