Differences in the use and practices of intellectual capital management in the countries with different socio-economic levels of development determine the need to develop a unified report on the disclosure of information and methods for assessing the level of development of intellectual capital in order to increase the effectiveness of this process, as well as to create a tool for the work of parties concerned, management staff of the company and investors. The purpose of the thesis is the formulation of a methodology for assessing the level of development of intellectual capital, adapted to the operating conditions in companies in various countries. The paper studies the practices of intellectual capital management in different countries. The sources of information used were data from the non-financial and financial reports of Shell, Lukoil, Associated British Foods plc, Want Want China, Mars, as well as internal reporting by Omega-group LLC. In the process of work, a methodology for assessing intellectual capital as an important factor for companies to achieve the required level of performance was developed. It is built on a point-based integrated assessment of the data from the intellectual capital report, which is characterized by the implementation of an integrated approach to assessing quality indicators of intellectual capital, by means of quantitative assessment based on the calculation of integrated indicators to assess the level of development of human, structural and relational capital, which, will help to obtain objective results on the level of intellectual capital development and will enable investors to make a decision about investing in a project or a company. Based on the results of the approbation, the level of development of human, structural and relational capital of Omega-group LLC was evaluated. / Различия в использовании и практиках управления интеллектуальным капиталом на уровне стран с разным социально-экономическим уровнем развития определяют необходимость разработки унифицированного отчета по раскрытию информации и методики оценки уровня развития интеллектуального капитал в целях повышения результативности управления им, а также создания инструмента для работы заинтересованных лиц компании, управленческого аппарата организации и инвесторов. Целью диссертационной работы является разработка методики оценки уровня развития интеллектуального капитала, адаптированной к условиям функционирования в компаний различных стран. В работе изучаются практики управления интеллектуальным капиталом в различных странах. В качестве источников информации использовались данные нефинансовой и финансовой отчетности компаний Shell, «Лукойл», Associated British Foods plc, Want Want China, Mars, а также внутренней отчетности компании ООО «Omega-group». В ходе написания магистерской диссертации была разработана методика оценки интеллектуального капитала, как важного фактора для достижения компаниями необходимого уровня результативности, основанная на балльной интегральной оценке данных отчета об интеллектуальном капитале, особенностью которой является реализация интегрированного подхода к оценке качественных показателей-индикаторов интеллектуального капитала, с помощью количественной оценки на основе расчета интегральных показателей, позволяющих оценить уровень развития человеческого, структурного и отношенческого капитала, что, в свою, очередь, позволит получить объективный результат об уровне развития интеллектуального капитала и даст возможность инвесторам принимать решения об инвестировании в проект или компанию. В результате проведенной апробации, был оценен уровень развития человеческого, структурного и отношенческого капитала компании ООО «Omega-group».

Purpose/ Background The key resource for value creation in ambulatory healthcare is knowledge. Providers of ambulatory care are faced with knowledge-related challenges: Increasingly complex disease patterns and rapid medical innovation overwhelm their capacity to identify, generate, integrate, modify, diffuse and apply relevant knowledge. This results in reduced quality of care. Nevertheless, knowledge-based value creation has not been widely explored in ambulatory healthcare. Several research gaps explain: There are few publications regarding tools and methods for the management of knowledge resources in this context. Furthermore, the causal links between knowledge and organizational outcomes has not been theorized. A third major gap in the literature is the non-existence of frameworks for measuring knowledge-induced ambulatory healthcare performance. Against this backdrop, this dissertation attempts to answer the following overarching question: How can knowledge-based value creation be managed and measured in ambulatory healthcare? Design/ Methodology/ Approach This cumulative dissertation adopts a mixed-methods approach, i.e., each of the four included publications adopts a methodological approach appropriate to its topic and research question. The first publication narratively reviews major developments in Intellectual Capital (IC) and Knowledge Management theory. It benchmarks the new industry standard on Knowledge Management Systems (ISO 30401) against the previous literature by means of document analysis. Thereby it summarizes the state of research and practice regarding knowledge-based value creation. The second publication takes the form of a systematic literature review. In line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, it summarizes the literature on Knowledge Management and performance in ambulatory healthcare. It compiles an overview of Knowledge Management practices which have been studied in the literature. Furthermore, it lists the indicators used to measure the impact of Knowledge Management on ambulatory healthcare performance and assesses their usefulness for further research and practice. The third publication explores the Knowledge Management-performance relationship by means of qualitative data analysis. Based on interviews with stakeholders from the ambulatory healthcare context, a toolbox of human-centered Knowledge Management methods and technical Knowledge Management tools for ambulatory healthcare is compiled. A conceptual model of the causal links between knowledge and organizational value creation is derived. The fourth and final publication uses social network analysis to measure Relational Capital in referrer networks of medical specialists in ambulatory settings. Using inferential statistics, it correlates Relational Capital with the economic performance of healthcare providers.   Findings The first publication shows that the “ISO 30401:2018 Knowledge Management Systems” standard successfully integrates the broad and heterogenous extant literature on Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management. The standard creates a common language for this research field and provides guidelines for Knowledge Management Systems across geographical, industry and organizational settings. As it is intentionally neutral with regards to concrete Knowledge Management tools and methods, the challenge lies in the implementation of the standard in practice. The second publication is a systematic literature review on Knowledge Management and its effects on the performance of ambulatory healthcare providers. It reveals that the previous literature is narrowly focused on 6 types of Knowledge Management practices, namely Electronic Health Records, Health Information Systems, Clinical Decision Support Systems, Trainings, Communities of Practice and bundles of firm-specific Knowledge Management initiatives (“multi-faceted interventions”). In previous publications, these tools and methods were mostly studied in relation to healthcare quality, while other outcomes like financial performance, staff engagement and patient satisfaction were neglected. The third publication, an interview-based conceptual study, paints a different picture than the literature review. Practitioners use a much broader range of Knowledge Management initiatives than those studied in the literature. Specifically, self-learning tools such as apps and podcasts as well as immersive training sessions are used by ambulatory healthcare providers. Also, technical gadgets for speech recognition and automated data processing are used. Sector stakeholders also relate Knowledge Management initiatives to a much wider set of outcome dimensions than the academic literature. Financial performance, staff engagement and client (patient/ referrer) satisfaction were named as distal outcomes. According to the interviewees in the study, Knowledge Management initiatives have direct causal connections with these outcomes as well as indirect connections mediated by quality and efficiency. The fourth publication shows that Relational Capital in social-professional networks of medical specialists can be measured by social network metrics (degree, density, relative betweenness centrality, referrer concentration). Furthermore, empirical support for the relationship between the Relational Capital and economic performance of medical specialist offices is provided. Originality/ Value In summary, this thesis makes three key contributions to research: Firstly, it provides an overview of human-centered Knowledge Management methods and technical Knowledge Management tools for the ambulatory healthcare context. Secondly, it sheds light on the causal links between knowledge resources and value/performance delivered by ambulatory healthcare providers. Thirdly, it develops a measurement framework for Relational Capital. Finally, it points out a range of research questions worth exploring.:1 Introduction 1 2 Theoretical Premises 5 2.1 Definitions 5 2.1.1 Ambulatory Healthcare 5 2.1.2 Value in Ambulatory Healthcare 9 2.1.3 Knowledge 11 2.1.4 Knowledge Management 12 2.1.5 Intellectual Capital 18 2.2 The Resource-based View of the Firm 21 2.2.1 Historic Development 21 2.2.2 Key Criticisms 24 2.2.3 Applicability of the Resource-based View to Healthcare 24 2.3 Intellectual Capital Theory 27 2.3.1 Historical Development of Intellectual Capital Theory 27 2.3.2 Intellectual Capital Theory in (Ambulatory) Healthcare 37 2.3.3 Criteria for Constructing and Assessing Intellectual Capital Measurement and Management Frameworks 39 2.4 Knowledge Management Theory 41 2.4.1 Development of Knowledge Management Theory 41 2.4.2 Knowledge Management Theory in (Ambulatory) Healthcare 50 2.4.3 Criteria for Constructing and Assessing Knowledge Management and Measurement Frameworks 51 3 Methodology and Data 53 3.1 Thesis: Mixed Methods Approach 53 3.2 Methodology Publication 1: Narrative Review and Document Analysis 55 3.2.1 Methodological Considerations 55 3.2.2 Data and Analyses 56 3.2.3 Trustworthiness 56 3.2.4 Methodological Issues 56 3.3 Methodology Publication 2: Structured Literature Review 57 3.3.1 Methodological Considerations 57 3.3.2 Sampling and Data Collection 58 3.3.3 Trustworthiness 61 3.3.4 Methodological Issues 61 3.4 Methodology Publication 3: Interview-based Qualitative Data Analysis 63 3.4.1 Methodological Considerations 63 3.4.2 Interview Guide Development 63 3.4.3 Sampling and Data Collection 64 3.4.4 Analyses 66 3.4.5 Trustworthiness 67 3.4.6 Methodological Issues 67 3.5 Methodology Publication 4: Social Network Analysis and Inferential Statistics 69 3.5.1 Methodological Considerations 69 3.5.2 Metric Choice 69 3.5.3 Network Construction 73 3.5.4 Regression Methodology 73 3.5.5 Model Specification 76 3.5.6 Database and Software 82 3.5.7 Reliability and Validity 82 3.5.8 Methodological Issues 82 4 Publication 1: The ISO 30401 Knowledge Management Systems Standard – A New Framework for Value Creation and Research? 83 4.1 Abstract 83 4.1.1 Purpose 83 4.1.2 Design/ Methodology/ Approach 83 4.1.3 Findings 83 4.1.4 Originality/ Value 83 4.2 Introduction 84 4.3 Theoretical Background 85 4.3.1 Roots of Knowledge Management Theory 85 4.3.2 Knowledge and Value – the Resource-based View (before 1991) 86 4.3.3 Theory Development in the 1990s 86 4.3.4 Theoretical Diversification and Empirical Testing in the 2000s 88 4.3.5 Consolidation in the 2010s 88 4.3.6 Approaches to the ISO 30401 89 4.4 Structure and Content of the ISO 30401 – Knowledge Management Systems Standard 90 4.4.1 Structure of the ISO 30401 90 4.4.2 Knowledge Management System Requirements According to ISO 30401 90 4.4.3 Features of the Organizational Context Supporting the Knowledge Management System 93 4.4.4 Non-requirement Statements 93 4.5 Looking Back: Benchmarking the ISO 30401 Against the Literature 94 4.5.1 Nature of Knowledge Management 94 4.5.2 Knowledge Management Practices 95 4.5.3 Knowledge Management Enablers 97 4.5.4 Knowledge and Value Creation 99 4.6 Looking Forward: Maximizing Knowledge-based Value Creation 100 4.6.1 Operationalize the ISO 30401 Based on Empirical Evidence 100 4.6.2 Leverage Effects of Standardization on the Organization 101 4.6.3 Consider Market Forces 101 4.7 Conclusions 102 4.7.1 Synthesis of Findings 102 4.7.2 Contribution and Limitations 102 5 Publication 2: Knowledge Management as a Driver of Performance in Ambulatory Healthcare – a Systematic Literature Review Through an Intellectual Capital Lens 104 5.1 Abstract 104 5.1.1 Purpose 104 5.1.2 Design/ Methodology/ Approach 104 5.1.3 Findings 104 5.1.4 Originality/ Value 104 5.2 Introduction 105 5.3 Methods 106 5.3.1 Data Sources and Search Strategy 106 5.3.2 Quality Assessment Strategy 107 5.3.3 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 107 5.3.4 Data Extraction Methods 108 5.4 Findings 108 5.4.1 Search Results 108 5.4.2 Types of Knowledge Management Initiatives and Knowledge Management Impact on Intellectual Capital 109 5.4.3 Performance Dimensions, Indicators and Impact 133 5.4.4 Relevance, Validity and Feasibility of Indicators 134 5.5 Discussion 135 5.5.1 What Knowledge Management initiatives have been used by ambulatory healthcare providers and how do they influence Intellectual Capital? 135 5.5.2 How has Knowledge Management-induced performance been operationalized in ambulatory healthcare and what impact of Knowledge Management on performance has been observed? 136 5.5.3 How suitable are the indicators used in the literature for further research on Knowledge Management, Intellectual Capital and performance in ambulatory healthcare settings? 137 5.5.4 Implications for Research 138 5.5.5 Implications for Practice 139 5.5.6 Limitations 139 6 Publication 3: Developing a Conceptual Model for Knowledge Management and Organizational Success in Ambulatory Healthcare 140 6.1 Abstract 140 6.1.1 Purpose 140 6.1.2 Design/ Methodology/ Approach 140 6.1.3 Findings 140 6.1.4 Originality/ value 140 6.2 Introduction 141 6.3 Related Literature 142 6.3.1 Definition: Fluid Nature of Knowledge 142 6.3.2 Definition: Business Process-Oriented Knowledge Management 142 6.3.3 Knowledge Management in Ambulatory Healthcare 143 6.4 Methodology 144 6.4.1 Sample: Two Sets of Semi-structured Interviews 144 6.4.2 Method: Qualitative Content Analysis (“Coding”) 145 6.5 Findings 145 6.5.1 Process-oriented Taxonomy of Knowledge Management Methods and Tools for Ambulatory Healthcare 145 6.5.2 Conceptual Model of Knowledge Management-induced Ambulatory Healthcare Performance 149 6.6 Discussion 154 6.7 Conclusion 156 7 Publication 4: Relational Capital in Referrer Networks of Medical Specialists in Office Settings 158 7.1 Abstract 158 7.1.1 Purpose 158 7.1.2 Design/ Methodology/ Approach 158 7.1.3 Findings 158 7.1.4 Originality 158 7.2 Introduction 159 7.3 Literature-based Hypothesis Development and Variable Selection 161 7.3.1 Dependent Variable: Economic Performance 162 7.3.2 Independent Variables: Network Characteristics 162 7.3.3 Control Variables: Characteristics of the Organization 166 7.4 Methods 167 7.4.1 Data Source 167 7.4.2 Constructing Medical Specialists’ Networks 167 7.4.3 Statistical Analyses 168 7.5 Findings 168 7.5.1 Sample Characteristics and Descriptive Statistics 168 7.5.2 Correlation of Network Characteristics with Practice Performance 170 7.6 Discussion 173 7.7 Conclusion 174 7.7.1 Contributions to the Literature 174 7.7.2 Implications for Practice 174 7.7.3 Limitations 175 7.7.4 Opportunities for Future Research 176 8 Discussion and Conclusion 177 8.1 Summary of the Results of the Thesis 177 8.2 Contributions to Research 178 8.2.1 Topic 1: Management of Knowledge Resources 178 8.2.2 Topic 2: Knowledge and Value Creation 179 8.2.3 Topic 3: Knowledge (Performance) Measurement 180 8.3 Implications for Practice 181 8.4 Limitations 183 8.5 Opportunities for Future Research 183 8.6 Conclusion 185 9 Appendix I: Questionnaire for Publication 3 (Physician Version) 186 10 Appendix II: Code Counts from the Second Interview Cycle (Publication 3) 192 11 Publication bibliography 198

El estado actual del conocimiento y el nivel de globalización imperante, hace que las empresas se vean expuestas a competidores más sofisticados. Actualmente, el grado de competitividad, incluso para los commodities, se apoya fuertemente en la potencia impuesta por el conocimiento que posee la organización. Como dicho conocimiento es capaz de brindar valor agregado, e incrementar el valor de la empresa incluyendo los resultados en el “goodwill” surge la necesidad de gestionarlo. La aplicación de tecnología, por sí sola, no asegura la gestión del conocimiento, y por lo tanto, se debe complementar con una clara comprensión de los mecanismos de captura, almacenamiento, recuperación y transferencia. Dicha gestión debe estar basada en un modelo sólido, y acompañada de una adecuada gestión de los recursos humanos y la cultura organizacional. En esta tesis se describen los conceptos de la gestión del conocimiento y la variedad de modelos y aspectos claves mencionados en la literatura. Considerando la heterogeneidad de visiones, se elaboró un modelo y se desarrolló una herramienta de evaluación para establecer el grado de madurez en la gestión del conocimiento. La herramienta se utilizó para evaluar la Gerencia de Operaciones de una organización del sector químico. A partir de los resultados del diagnóstico, se determina el nivel general alcanzado y asimismo para las áreas claves de cultura, procesos y tecnología. Finalmente, se elaboran propuestas que permitirían una mejora en la gestión del conocimiento considerando las necesidades reales de la gerencia. / The current state of knowledge and the level of prevailing globalization, expose companies to more sophisticated competitors. At present, the degree of competitiveness, even for commodities, relies heavily on the power imposed by the company’s knowledge. As this knowledge is able to provide added value, and increase the value of the company including the results in the "goodwill" there is a need to manage it. The simple application of technology does not ensure the management of knowledge, and therefore, it must be complemented with a clear understanding of the mechanisms of capture, storage, retrieval and transfer. Such management should be based on a solid model, and accompanied by a proper management of human resources and organizational culture. This thesis describes the concepts of knowledge management and the variety of models and key aspects mentioned in the literature. Given the heterogeneity of visions, a model was worked out and an assessment tool was developed to establish the degree of knowledge management maturity. The tool was used to assess the operations area of an organization in the chemical sector. Based on the results of the diagnosis, the general maturity level was determined, and also for key areas of culture, processes and technology. Finally, we elaborate a proposal that would enable an improvement in knowledge management considering the real needs of the division.

[ES] Esta investigación propone un modelo que orienta a las PYMES en sus procesos para incrementar su capacidad innovadora. La metodología utilizada se basó en la caracterización de las prácticas para la construcción y el desarrollo de la capacidad de innovación a partir de revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura científica. Posteriormente, se validó en una muestra de las pymes para los sectores priorizados por el gobierno (Agroindustria, Sistema Moda, Construcción y TIC), el nivel de aplicación de las variables y estadísticamente se definió el modelo que explica la incidencia de las variables en los resultados financieros de las pymes. Por último, se realizó un mapeo riguroso de los actores que componen el Sistema Nacional de Competitividad, Ciencia y Tecnología e Innovación de Colombia, al identificar su geolocalización, objetivo, instrumentos disponibles y roles bajo la teoría de Ecosistemas de Innovación. Como variable dependiente se consideraron los resultados exitosos de las empresas medidos a partir de la rentabilidad igual o superior a la media del sector. Precisamente, se identificaron nueve variables relacionadas con aquellos factores que permiten la construcción y el desarrollo de la capacidad innovadora, las cuales inciden en los resultados financieros de las pymes. Por otra parte, frente al mapeo de actores del ecosistema y de los instrumentos disponibles para promover el desarrollo de estrategias innovadoras en las pymes de los 4 sectores de estudio, se evidenció una alta concentración de geolocalización en las 2 ciudades más grandes de Colombia (Bogotá D.C. y Medellín), y pese a que ofrecen programas con alcance nacional se tiene poco acceso por la falta de recursos. Estas brechas se describen en el CONPES 3866 sobre la adquisición de conocimiento y tecnología, y ponen en desventaja a empresas localizadas en regiones apartadas de ciudades intermedias que no cuentan con actores articuladores y facilitadores. Sumado al modelo, este proyecto explica las variables que inciden en el éxito financiero de las pymes con lo cual podrán proponerse programas relacionados. / [CA] Aquesta investigació proposa un model que orienta a les PIMES en els seus processos per a incrementar la seua capacitat innovadora. La metodologia utilitzada es va basar en la caracterització de les pràctiques per a la construcció i el desenvolupament de la capacitat d'innovació a partir de revisions sistemàtiques de la literatura científica. Posteriorment, es va validar en una mostra de les pimes per als sectors prioritzats pel govern (Agroindústria, Sistema Moda, Construcció i TIC), el nivell d'aplicació de les variables i estadísticament es va definir el model que explica la incidència de les variables en els resultats financers de les pimes. Finalment, es va realitzar un mapatge rigorós dels actors que componen el Sistema Nacional de Competitivitat, Ciència i Tecnologia i Innovació de Colòmbia, en identificar la seua geolocalització, objectiu, instruments disponibles i rols sota la teoria d'Ecosistemes d'Innovació. Com a variable dependent es van considerar els resultats reeixits de les empreses mesurats a partir de la rendibilitat igual o superior a la mitjana del sector. Precisament, es van identificar nou variables relacionades amb aquells factors que permeten la construcció i el desenvolupament de la capacitat innovadora, les quals incideixen en els resultats financers de les pimes. D'altra banda, enfront del mapatge d'actors de l'ecosistema i dels instruments disponibles per a promoure el desenvolupament d'estratègies innovadores en les pimes dels 4 sectors d'estudi, es va evidenciar una alta concentració de geolocalització en les 2 ciutats més grans de Colòmbia (Bogotà D. C. i Medellín), i malgrat que ofereixen programes amb abast nacional es té poc accés per la falta de recursos. Aquestes bretxes es descriuen en el *CONPES 3866 sobre l'adquisició de coneixement i tecnologia, i posen en desavantatge a empreses localitzades en regions apartades de ciutats intermèdies que no compten amb actors *articuladores i facilitadors. Sumat al model, aquest projecte explica les variables que incideixen en l'èxit financer de les pimes amb la qual cosa podran proposar-se programes relacionats / [EN] This research proposes a model that guides SMEs in their processes to increase their innovative capacity. The methodology used was based on the characterization of practices for the construction and development of innovation capacity based on systematic reviews of the scientific literature. Subsequently, the level of application of the variables was validated in a sample of SMEs for the sectors prioritized by the government (Agribusiness, Fashion System, Construction and ICT), and statistically the model that explains the incidence of the variables in the financial results of SMEs. Finally, a rigorous mapping of the actors that make up the National System of Competitiveness, Science and Technology and Innovation of Colombia was carried out, by identifying their geolocation, objective, available instruments and roles under the theory of Innovation Ecosystems. As a dependent variable, the successful results of the companies were considered, measured from profitability equal to or greater than the sector average. Precisely, nine variables were identified related to those factors that allow the construction and development of innovative capacity, which affect the financial results of SMEs. On the other hand, facing the mapping of ecosystem actors and the available instruments to promote the development of innovative strategies in SMEs of the 4 study sectors, a high concentration of geolocation was evidenced in the 2 largest cities of Colombia (Bogotá D.C. and Medellín), and even though they offer programs with a national scope, there is little access due to lack of resources. These gaps are described in CONPES 3866 on the acquisition of knowledge and technology and put at a disadvantage companies located in remote regions of intermediate cities that do not have coordinating and facilitating actors. Added to the model, this project explains the variables that affect the financial success of SMEs with which related programs can be proposed. / Diaz Delgado, MF. (2023). Modelo multidimensional para la construcción y desarrollo de la capacidad de innovación abierta en pymes [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/193494

В настоящее время направление идентификации и управления интеллектуальным капиталом является междисциплинарным, объединяя в себе экономику, технику и науку, чем привлекает все больше и больше внимания. Интеллектуальный капитал представляет собой знания, которыми обладает предприятие, и которые можно конвертировать в стоимость. На практике интеллектуальный капитал принято считать совокупностью нематериальных активов предприятия, которые доступны к оцениванию и управлению, но при этом не зафиксированы в финансовой отчетности. К сожалению, бухгалтерский учет не дает адекватной оценки всего спектра интеллектуальных ресурсов. В связи с этим актуальность данного исследования обусловлена необходимостью определения метода оценивания и учета всего интеллектуального капитала предприятия. Целью исследования является разработать инструментарий анализа интеллектуального капитала предприятия на основе его нефинансовой отчетности. В результате разработан инструментарий анализа интеллектуального капитала компании на основе раскрытий релевантных для инвесторов показателей производственной, социальной, финансовой и инновационной деятельности промышленных предприятий в условиях системы управленческого учета. / Currently, the field of identification and management of intellectual capital is interdisciplinary, combining economics, technology and science, which attracts more and more attention. Intellectual capital is the knowledge that an enterprise possesses and that can be converted into value. In practice, intellectual capital is considered to be a set of intangible assets of an enterprise that are available for evaluation and management but are not recorded in the financial statements. Unfortunately, accounting does not provide an adequate assessment of the entire range of intellectual resources. In this regard, the relevance of this study is due to the need to determine the method of evaluating and accounting for the entire intellectual capital of the enterprise. The purpose of the study is to develop tool for analyzing the intellectual capital of an enterprise based on its non-financial reporting. As a result, a tool for analyzing the company's intellectual capital was developed based on disclosures of indicators of production, social, financial and innovative activities of industrial enterprises relevant to investors in the context of a management accounting system.

The objective of this study was: (1) to determine the relationship between job embeddedness (measured by the Job Embeddedness Scale), work engagement (measured by the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale), and turnover intention (measured by the Turnover Intention Scale); and (2) to determine whether employees from different groups, namely age, race, gender, marital status and tenure differ significantly in their levels of job embeddedness, work engagement and turnover intention. A quantitative survey was conducted on a non-probability purposive sample (N = 153) of staff in a higher education institution. Correlational analyses revealed significant relationships between job embeddedness, work engagement and turnover intention. Multiple regression analyses showed that organisation links and dedication negatively predicted the participants’ turnover intention. Significant differences between age, race, gender, marital status and tenure were also found. The findings contribute valuable knowledge to the field of Career Psychology and can be applied in the retention of employees in the higher education institution. The study concludes with recommendations for future research and practice. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

The objective of this study was: (1) to determine the relationship between job embeddedness (measured by the Job Embeddedness Scale), work engagement (measured by the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale), and turnover intention (measured by the Turnover Intention Scale); and (2) to determine whether employees from different groups, namely age, race, gender, marital status and tenure differ significantly in their levels of job embeddedness, work engagement and turnover intention. A quantitative survey was conducted on a non-probability purposive sample (N = 153) of staff in a higher education institution. Correlational analyses revealed significant relationships between job embeddedness, work engagement and turnover intention. Multiple regression analyses showed that organisation links and dedication negatively predicted the participants’ turnover intention. Significant differences between age, race, gender, marital status and tenure were also found. The findings contribute valuable knowledge to the field of Career Psychology and can be applied in the retention of employees in the higher education institution. The study concludes with recommendations for future research and practice. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

在有限的資源之下，各區域地方政府相當渴望跳脫僵化與官僚的決策模式，尋求創新有效率的治理機制，另一方面開放政府資料已為國際化的趨勢，台灣於開放資料領域耕耘成果亦相當豐碩。本研究希望建置商業智慧平台，將開放資料轉換為無形的「智慧資本」，持續驅動創新有效率的「治理機制」，進而改善在地人民的生活品質。 本論文研究實作一網頁為基礎的商業智慧分析平台，工具包括資料包絡分析法、競爭者分析，透過探索式資料分析，使用者彈性操作指標與決策參數，反覆進行資料探索分析，進而了解（一）地方之競爭縣市與區域特色（二）各縣市相對治理績效（三）單一縣市之優勢產業。並藉由宜蘭縣的文創、觀光、環境此三個產業面向的資料為例說明。 本論文聚焦於使用前端框架技術—AngularJS之系統實作，藉由資料視覺化設計、提升使用者經驗，建置高擴充性的資料探勘分析的平台，更可滿足使用者一次購足的統計資料查詢環境。 / Facing the challenges of limited resources and budget constraints, regional governments have been actively pursuing strategies to transform conventional bureaucratic decision-making model into innovative and efficient governance mechanism. At the same time, “open government data” is becoming a political commitment for many countries and Taiwanese government has made significant advances in this respect recently. To leverage the trend for open public data, this thesis aims to develop a web-based business intelligence system to support efficient governance through in-depth analysis of intellectual capital. The tools provided in this system include data envelopment analysis (DEA), competitor identification, and exploratory data analysis. The system is designed to allow average users to experiment with different parameter settings and view the results interactively. Insights on competing counties and regional characteristics, relative governance efficiency and leading industry can be gained with ease. We illustrate the functionalities of the system using data from Yi-Lan County and investigate its competitiveness in three areas, namely, culture and creative industry, tourism, and environmental industry. AngularJS, a front-end framework, is utilized to implement the proposed business intelligence system. The objective is to provide a one stop shopping service for interactive data analysis and visualization with user friendly design and good extensibility.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Technology: Business Administration, Durban University of Technology, 2014. / This thesis integrates social capital and ‘reasoned action’ theory to construct a theoretical model for investigating the factors which predict an individual’s intention to share tacit knowledge in a University of Technology. It utilizes Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998: 243) definition and conception of social capital. They define social capital as “the sum of the actual and potential resources embedded within, available through, and derived from the network of relationships possessed by an individual or social unit”. This study examined tacit knowledge sharing behaviour (i.e., knowledge that is shared between individuals) within the context of social capital. The specific type of tacit knowledge that is being studied relates to work experience ‘know-what’ and ‘know-how’. ‘Know-what’ refers to the basic mastery of a discipline that professionals achieve through education and training. ‘Know-how’ refers to procedural knowledge about a business process and the individual’s capability to perform an action with an understanding of why the action is appropriate in the particular context, (i.e., action skill or applied competence). Specifically, this study examines the relationship between the structural, relational and cognitive dimensions of social capital and the individual’s attitude towards the sharing of tacit knowledge. It further examines the relationship between the individual’s attitude towards tacit knowledge sharing, their perceived norms and perceived behavioural control over the sharing of tacit knowledge (mediating variables) and their intention to share tacit knowledge. It is a case study which consists of a mixed methods research design, incorporating nine research interviews and five hundred and fifty four self administered questionnaires. The theoretical model is examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) and as a result of the findings, the initial model is revised into a set of theoretical models, which are tested using SEM and found to be consistent with the data (i.e., a good fit). The direct, indirect and total effects of the identified predictor (social capital) and mediating variables (‘reasoned action’) on the individual’s intention to share tacit knowledge, in each model, is examined and the results are presented. Each dimension of social capital is found to be significant for predicting the criterion variable ‘attitude towards tacit knowledge sharing’. The individual’s attitude towards tacit knowledge sharing is found to be highly significant for predicting the individual’s intention to share tacit knowledge but the ‘reasoned action’ variables are found to be not as significant, particularly perceived behavioural control over the sharing of tacit knowledge. The results of this study enrich our collective understanding regarding social capital and tacit knowledge sharing behaviour. / Academy of Management, National Research Foundation, Durban University of Technology

The objectives of this study were to determine whether job embeddedness and organisational commitment significantly predict voluntary turnover, and whether people from different gender, race and age groups differ significantly in their job embeddedness, organisational commitment and voluntary turnover. The Job Embeddedness Scale (JES), Organisational Commitment Scale (OCS) and Voluntary Turnover Scale (VTS) were used as measuring instruments. A stratified random sample of 102 full-time employed higher education academics participated in the study. Multiple regression analyses showed that organisation fit and community links and normative commitment significantly and positively predicted the participants’ intentions to stay at the institution. Significant differences were observed between the job embeddedness and intention to stay of the gender and race groups. The findings of the current study add to the knowledge base on the turnover intentions of academic staff, contributing to the field of career psychology. In conclusion, the study makes recommendations for retention practices and future research. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)