Lorsqu’il s’agit la construction de ressources lexico-sémantiques multilingues, la première chose qui vient à l’esprit, et la nécessité que les ressources à alignées partagent le même format de données et la même représentations (interopérabilité représentationnelle). Avec l’apparition de standard tels que LMF et leur adaptation au web sémantique pour la production de ressources lexico- sémantiques multilingues en tant que données lexicales liées ouvertes (Ontolex), l’interopérabilité représentationnelle n’est plus un verrou majeur. Cependant, en ce qui concerne l’interopérabilité des alignements multilingues, le choix et la construction du pivot interlingue est l’un des obstacles principaux. Pour nombre de ressources (par ex. BabelNet, EuroWordNet), le choix est fait d’utiliser l’Anglais, ou une autre langue comme pivot interlingue. Ce choix mène à une perte de contraste dans les cas où des sens du Pivot ont des lexicalisations différentes dans la même acception dans plusieurs autres langues. L’utilisation d’une pivot à acceptions interlingues, solution proposée il y a déjà plus de 20 ans, pourrait être viable. Néanmoins, leur construction manuelle est trop ardue du fait du manque d’experts parlant assez de langues et leur construction automatique pose problème du fait de l’absence d’une formalisation et d’une caractérisation axiomatique permettant de garantir leur propriétés. Nous proposons dans cette thèse de d’abord formaliser l’architecture à pivot interlingue par acceptions, en développant une axiomatisation garantissant leurs propriétés. Nous proposons ensuite des algorithmes de construction initiale automatique en utilisant les propriétés combinatoires du graphe des alignements bilingues, mais aussi des algorithmes de mise à jour garantissant l’interopérabilité dynamique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous étudions de manière plus pratique sur DBNary, un extraction périodique de Wiktionary dans de nombreuses éditions de langues, afin de cerner les contraintes pratiques à l’application des algorithmes proposés. / When it comes to the construction of multilingual lexico-semantic resources, the first thing that comes to mind is that the resources we want to align, should share the same data model and format (representational interoperability). However, with the emergence of standards such as LMF and their implementation and widespread use for the production of resources as lexical linked data (Ontolex), representational interoperability has ceased to be a major challenge for the production of large-scale multilingual resources. However, as far as the interoperability of sense-level multi-lingual alignments is concerned, a major challenge is the choice of a suitable interlingual pivot. Many resources make the choice of using English senses as the pivot (e.g. BabelNet, EuroWordNet), although this choice leads to a loss of contrast between English senses that are lexicalized with a different words in other languages. The use of acception-based interlingual representations, a solution proposed over 20 years ago, could be viable. However, the manual construction of such language-independent pivot representations is very difficult due to the lack of expert speaking enough languages fluently and algorithms for their automatic constructions have never since materialized, mainly because of the lack of a formal axiomatic characterization that ensures the pre- servation of their correctness properties. In this thesis, we address this issue by first formalizing acception-based interlingual pivot architectures through a set of axiomatic constraints and rules that guarantee their correctness. Then, we propose algorithms for the initial construction and the update (dynamic interoperability) of interlingual acception-based multilingual resources by exploiting the combinatorial properties of pairwise bilingual translation graphs. Secondly, we study the practical considerations of applying our construction algorithms on a tangible resource, DBNary, a resource periodically extracted from Wiktionary in many languages in lexical linked data.

abstract: Semiconductor manufacturing facilities are very complex and capital intensive in nature. During the lifecycle of these facilities various disciplines come together, generate and use a tremendous amount of building and process information to support various decisions that enable them to successfully design, build and sustain these advanced facilities. However, a majority of the information generated and processes taking place are neither integrated nor interoperable and result in a high degree of redundancy. The objective of this thesis is to build an interoperable Building Information Model (BIM) for the Base-Build and Tool Installation in a semiconductor manufacturing facility. It examines existing processes and data exchange standards available to facilitate the implementation of BIM and provides a framework for the development of processes and standards that can help in building an intelligent information model for a semiconductor manufacturing facility. To understand the nature of the flow of information between the various stakeholders the flow of information between the facility designer, process tool manufacturer and tool layout designer is examined. An information model for the base build and process tool is built and the industry standards SEMI E6 and SEMI E51 are used as a basis to model the information. It is found that applications used to create information models support interoperable industry standard formats such as the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and ISO 15926 in a limited manner. A gap analysis has revealed that interoperability standards applicable to the semiconductor manufacturing industry such as the IFC and ISO15926 need to be expanded to support information transfers unique to the industry. Information modeling for a semiconductor manufacturing facility is unique in that it is a process model (Process Tool Information Model) within a building model (Building Information Model), each of them supported more robustly by different interoperability standards. Applications support interoperability data standards specific to the domain or industry they serve but information transfers need to occur between the various domains. To facilitate flow of information between the different domains it is recommended that a mapping of the industry standards be undertaken and translators between them be developed for business use. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Construction 2011

Thesis (Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, [2018]. / Introduction of IEC 61850 standard defined substation automation system communication. The need of interoperability among the relevant devices coming from different vendors is a necessity to ensure utilities/municipalities obtain value for money. Vendors used their own proprietary tools to achieve communication in a substation. This caused an Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) from vendor A could not communicate with an IED from vendor B. Utilities/municipalities are forced to depend on single vendor solutions in a substation automation system. IEC 61850 systems tout Interoperability as a major gain in the Substation Automation System (SAS) environment. The implementation of interoperable systems in SAS environment requires extensive testing and careful selection of vendors. This involves extensive testing to meet the required requirements of a certain SAS. Interoperability implementation and testing methods need to be formulated and tested rigorously with various scenarios of interoperability in an SAS. GOOSE messages form the foundation of IEC 61850 standard as they are responsible for the copper-less connections for peer to peer communications. GOOSE messages are based on peer to peer communications to enable interoperability at the bay level which is called horizontal communication. IEDs need to be carefully selected to ensure GOOSE messaging interoperability is achieved. Test methods are equally important as methodology to achieve interoperability. The purpose of this research is to perform an investigation on interoperability of IEC 61850 conformant IEDs based on evaluation of their protection functions. The research looks at various vendors on how each has interpreted the IEC 61850 standard. Also an analysis on requirements to achieve interoperability is conducted. Investigation on various vendor independent system configuration tools to ease the implementation burden of a multivendor application is done. Evaluation into flexible object modelling and naming conventions in order to achieve interoperability is performed. Various tests using different tools to assess the integrity of interoperability are completed. The research delivers a methodology to evaluate and implement GOOSE message interoperability. The interoperability methodology can be used for improvement of interoperability applications. The methodology can also be implemented as procurement requirement to ensure interoperability. The evaluation/implementation of interoperability can be included in Factory Acceptance Test (FAT). The methodology to achieve interoperability is only usefully when requirements are clear with regard to what needs to achieved by SAS.

Thesis (Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / As far as substation automation systems are concerned, one of the prime requirements of most utilities today is the interoperability between Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) of different manufacturers. The standard IEC 61850 - Communication Networks and Systems in Substations - allows such interoperability between IEDs for protection and automation of substations. Presently, many manufacturers have implemented, or are in the process of implementing this standard in their IEDs. This has encouraged some utilities to specify IEC is to ensure that both system requirements are met and the features and benefits of the standard are fully exploited. The author of this thesis investigated and brought forward the design of an integrated monitoring protection and control system of a network in Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) campus based of the IEC 61850 standard. A method of testing the physical IED based on Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) configuration with the Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) is developed and implemented. Mapping of IED Substation Configuration Language (SCL) with that of the RTDS GTNET cards is discussed and implemented to further exploit the use of realtime testing with Generic Object Oriented Substation Event messages (GOOSE). The thesis highlight the benefits of interconnecting the reticulation IEDs into a standardised communication network for protection, control and monitoring of each substation event. This improves the access to information and reduces maintenance cost on the reticulation network.

L'essor rencontré par les différentes technologies dédiées aux réseaux de capteurs (WSN), a conduit au développement de plateformes capables d'opérer dans deux technologies différentes, adaptatives aux contextes de transmission. De telles plateformes ouvrent la porte à la conception de réseaux multitechnologies, que nous proposons d'exploiter dans le but de réduire la consommation d'énergie globale. Dans le but d'exploiter ces réseaux multitechnologies, nous décrivons les principales technologies de l'Internet des Objets (IoT), en les comparant sur un pied d'égalité grâce à l'analyseur que nous avons développé, puis les classifions en fonction des mécanismes MAC qu'elles exploitent. Nous analysons ensuite le lien entre le contexte applicatif (latence et fréquence de la génération de données) et le mécanisme MAC consommant le moins d'énergie pour ce contexte applicatif.Nous remarquons alors que les technologies exploitants un mécanisme MAC synchrone sont les plus adaptées aux trafics applicatifs périodiques dont les intervalles entre les générations de données sont courts. En effet, pour ces trafics, la dérive d'horloge entraine un coût de maintien de la synchronisation active trop élevé dans le cas de trafics périodiques rares. De plus, nous remarquons que la gestion des trafics applicatifs rares contraints en latence repose, dans les solutions existantes, sur l'utilisation d'une plateforme constamment active en mode de réception. Nous proposons alors d'exploiter les plateformes multitechnologies pour constituer un réseau synchrone dans lequel chaque nœud répartit son activité dans le temps pour globalement économiser de l'énergie pour remplacer le rôle du dispositif constamment disponible utilisé pour acheminer des trafics asynchrones contraints en latence. Nous remarquons que lors de la procédure d'attache au réseau synchrone, la situation du nœud qui tente de rejoindre un réseau synchrone dans le but d'y acheminer des données est similaire à la situation d'un nœud asynchrone qui souhaite acheminer des données au sein d'un réseau synchrone.Ainsi, nous proposons d'exploiter la phase d'attache au réseau pour acheminer des trafics émanants de noeuds asynchrones, contraints en latence, au sein d'un réseau synchrone.Cependant, les procédures actuellement standardisées d'attache au réseau sont naïves et très coûteuse en énergie, ce qui décourage l'utilisation d'un mode de communication asynchrone, reposant sur une succession d'associations/désassociations du réseau : nous proposons deux approches pour réduire le coût de cette procédure d'attache à un réseau TSCH. La première repose sur l'exploitation de séquences mathématiques dont la propriété est d'étaler les périodes d'activités dans le temps, tout en minimisant l'impact sur la latence de la procédure, pour diminuer le coût énergétique global de la procédure d'attache. La deuxième méthode proposée exploite les trames d'acquittement (ACK) des communications TSCH pour y ajouter des éléments d'informations : la date d'envoi de la prochaine trame de synchronisation sur le même canal physique que celui utilisé pour l'envoi de la trame d'ACK. Grâce au développement d'un simulateur des performances de la phase d'attache à un réseau TSCH, nous montrons que les protocole d'attaches proposés obtiennent de meilleures performances, soit en termes de latence, soit en termes de consommation d'énergie globale, que les protocoles d'attache classiquement utilisés dans les réseaux de capteurs.Enfin, nous proposons d'exploiter les mécanismes de la deuxième proposition d'attache au réseau pour l'envoi de trames de sollicitation à destination d'un nœud fonctionnant avec une technologie asynchrone, permettant ainsi d'acheminer un trafic asynchrone au sein d'un réseau synchrone en une latence bornée. Nous montrons la faisabilité et prouvons l'intérêt d'une telle proposition. / The growth of various technologies dedicated to sensor networks (WSN) has led to the development of platforms capable of operating in two different technologies, adaptive to transmission contexts. Such platforms open the door to the design of multi-technology networks, which we propose to exploit to reduce overall energy consumption. In order to exploit these multi-technology networks, we describe the main Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, comparing them on an equal footing thanks to the analyzer we developed, and classify them according to the MAC mechanisms they use. We then analyze the link between the application context (latency and frequency of data generation) and the MAC mechanism that consumes the least energy for this application context.We note that the technologies operating with a synchronous MAC mechanism are the most suitable for periodic application traffic with short intervals between data generation. For these traffic patterns, clock drift leads to extensive traffic overhead because of the need to actively maintain synchronization for sparse periodic traffic.Moreover, we notice that, in the existing solutions, the management of sparce application traffic management is based on the use of an always-on platform (in reception mode). We thus propose to exploit the multi-technology platforms to build a synchronous network in which each node distributes its activity over time to globally save energy by replacing the role of the always-on platform, while guaranteeing the delivery of the latency-constrained asynchronous traffic.We notice that during the synchronous network joining phase, the situation of the node attempting to join a synchronous network is similar to the situation of an asynchronous node wanting to deliver data through a synchronous network.Thus, we propose to exploit the synchronous network joining phase to route latency-constrained traffic originating from asynchronous nodes through the synchronous network.However, the currently standardised network attachment procedures are naïve and energy-greedy, which discourages the use of an asynchronous communication mode, based on a succession of network associations/dissociations: we thus propose two approaches to reduce the cost of the TSCH network attachment procedure.The first is based on the use of mathematical sequences wich distribute the periods of activity over time, while minimizing the impact on the latency of the procedure, in order to reduce the overall energy cost of the attachment procedure. The second proposed method exploits the acknowledgement frames (ACK) of TSCH data communications to embed the date of the next synchronization frame transmission on the same physical channel as the ACK frame. Thanks to the development of a simulator of the TSCH joining phase, we show that the proposed protocols achieve better performance, either in terms of joining latency, or in terms of overall energy consumption, than the standard joining protocols used in WSN.Finally, we propose to exploit the mechanisms of the second proposal for sending request frames to a node operating with an asynchronous technology, thus enabling asynchronous traffic to be routed through a synchronous network in bounded latency. We demonstrate the value and feasibility of such a proposal.

Esta dissertação apresenta a utilização de ontologias como um primeiro passo em direção à interoperabilidade, no nível semântico, entre agentes de diferentes domínios. O contexto de aplicação é um portal educacional chamado PortEdu. Este portal fornece a infra-estrutura e suporte para ambientes de aprendizagem baseados em agentes. O foco deste trabalho é em um agente específico, o agente social, no qual são acrescentadas todas as funcionalidades necessárias para que ele possa interagir com agentes fora de seu contexto. O agente social pertence a um ambiente de aprendizagem multi-agente projetado para apoiar o treinamento do raciocínio, diagnóstico e modelagem de domínios de conhecimento incerto e complexo, como a área médica. Esse ambiente de aprendizagem chama-se AMPLIA. O conhecimento do agente social é modelado através de redes bayesianas, as quais possibilitam ao agente representar seu conhecimento probabilístico e tomar decisões através dele. A representação através de redes bayesianas não foi desenvolvida para ser utilizada no processo de comunicação com outros agentes, o que dificulta a interoperabilidade do agente social com os demais agentes do portal educacional, no qual os ambientes de ensino aprendizagem encontram-se ancorados. A abordagem proposta para fornecer interoperabilidade amplia a arquitetura do agente social possibilitando-o representar seu conhecimento probabilístico através de OWL (Web Ontology Language) e também sua comunicação com agentes externos através de FIPA-ACL (Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents – Agent Communication Language), linguagem para comunicação utilizada no PortEdu. A OWL não foi projetada para representar incerteza, sendo assim, também foi desenvolvida uma estrutura para possibilitar tal representação em OWL. / This dissertation presents the utilization of ontologies as a first step towards interoperability at the semantic level among agents of different domains. Our test bed is an Educational Portal (PortEdu). This portal provides the infra-structure and support for agent-based learning environments. We focus on a specific agent, the social agent, adding all the necessary functionality for him to interact with agents that aren’t fully aware of its context. The social agent belongs to a Multi-agent Learning Environment designed to support training of diagnostic reasoning and modeling of domains with complex and uncertain knowledge, such as the medical area. This learning environment is called AMPLIA. The knowledge of social agent is implemented with Bayesian networks, which allows the agent to represent its probabilistic knowledge and make its decisions. The representation through Bayesian networks was not designed to be used for communication with other agents, which makes it more difficult for the social agent to interoperate with the agents present in the portal. The approach proposed to supply interoperability extends the social agent’s architecture allowing the representation of his probabilistic knowledge through OWL (Web Ontology Language) and also allows this communication with external agents through FIPA-ACL (Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents – Agent Communication Language), which is the communication language adopted in PortEdu. OWL was not designed to represent uncertain knowledge, thus, it was also developed a structure to allow such representation in OWL.

Facilitar o gerenciamento e o acesso a sistemas de alto desempenho vem sendo uma área de pesquisa explorada nos últimos anos. Isto acontece uma vez que se verifica o aumento do número de usuários, muitos pertencentes a outras áreas, como por exemplo, biologia, geologia, hidrologia, etc e, desta forma, é preciso facilitar os meios de interação destes usuários com tais sistemas, assim como melhorar as técnicas de gerenciamento dos mesmos. Além do aumento do número e da multidisciplinaridade desses usuários, existe também o fato de que grande parte deles tem acesso a diferentes tipos de sistemas de alto desempenho. Em geral, estes sistemas possuem ferramentas não padronizadas, sendo que cada uma apresenta uma interface e um conjunto de ações e comandos a serem realizados para que possam dispor de suas funcionalidades. Este trabalho propõe a definição de uma arquitetura de gerenciamento e acesso a múltiplos clusters, que seja capaz de ser facilmente extensível, transparente, interoperável e de fácil utilização configuração e manutenção. Como resultado da arquitetura proposta, foi desenvolvido um protótipo, denominado ICE - Integrated Cluster Environment. Os principais objetivos da arquitetura e do ambiente ICE são: (i) capacidade de uniformização do modo como as ferramentas de clusters são utilizadas e, também, uniformização na maneira como os clusters são acessados; (ii) transparência na forma de acesso e uso dos clusters; e (iii) capacidade de extensibilidade em dois níveis: o primeiro refere-se á extensibilidade do número de funcionalidades (serviços) providos pelo sistema e o segundo está relacionado á capacidade do sistema lidar com o uso de diferentes ferramentas que possuem a mesma funcionalidade. Além da descrição da arquitetura e do protótipo, neste trabalho, também é realizada uma avaliação do ambiente ICE. Essa avaliação foi dividida em dois momentos. O primeiro traz a comparação das características do ambiente proposto com algumas ferramentas relacionadas. No segundo momento são apresentados alguns experimentos que visam identificar o overhead inserido pelo ambiente ICE na execução das operaçõess do módulo de gerenciamento de aplicações, desenvolvido e descrito neste trabalho. / Some researches have been done over the last years in order to improve the management and access of high performance systems. One of the motivations of these researches is the continuously increase in the number of users who, not rarely, belong to other areas, such as biology, geology, hydrology, etc; so it is necessary to provide some access and also management facilities in these kinds of systems. Furthermore, the users also have access to different kinds of high performance systems, and they have to deal with distinct tools of their underlying, which are not standardize. Therefore, the users need to learn the specificities of each tool in each high performace system that they have permission to access. Aiming to solve this problem, this work proposes an architecture to provide access and management of multiple clusters with extensibility, transparance, interoperability, user-friendly, manageability and maintainability. As a result of the proposed architecture, a prototype called ICE - Integrated Cluster Environment - was developed. The main goals of the architecture and the ICE environment are: (i) the capability of uniforming the manner the cluster tools are used and accessed; (ii) cluster access and transparence use; and (iii) two extensibility levels: the first one refers to capability of extending the number of functionalities/services provided by the environment and the second one concerns to the capability of extending the number of tools, with the same functionality, the system is able to manage. Beyond the architecture and prototype description, this research presents the evaluation of ICE environment, which is divided in two parts. The first one brings the comparison of the features between ICE and some related work. The second part shows some experiments that intend to verify the overhead inserted by ICE environment when performing the tasks of the job management module, also developed and explained in this work.

Até pouco tempo, o computador pessoal era o único dispositivo disponível para acesso a conteúdo digital. Com a introdução da TV digital interativa no Brasil e a evolução dos aparelhos celulares, essas plataformas se tornaram alternativas de acesso em momentos onde não está presente um computador e também como opção para a população de menor poder aquisitivo, visto que são dispositivos mais baratos. Porém, o desenvolvimento de objetos de aprendizagem ainda continua sendo pensado para uma única plataforma, desperdiçando grande parte do potencial de uso. Quando raramente são previstos para mais de uma plataforma, o desenvolvimento de cada versão é realizado de forma isolada, gerando redundância de conteúdo e elevando desnecessariamente o custo de criação e manutenção. Nesse contexto, este trabalho traz uma nova abordagem visando a criação de objetos de aprendizagem interoperáveis, ou seja, desenvolvidos de forma que o mesmo conteúdo possa ser executado nas plataformas Web, TV digital e dispositivos móveis. Para isso, inicialmente foram identificados os recursos e restrições existentes em cada uma das plataformas citadas, assim como as principais recomendações de usabilidade. O resultado desse estudo gerou as seguintes recomendações: a) mecanismo de construção de conteúdo uma única vez de forma que ele se adapte para todas as plataformas; b) mecanismos de adaptação da mesma mídia visando seguir critérios de usabilidade de cada plataforma (ex: tamanho e cor do texto); c) mecanismos de reconhecimento de cada plataforma e envio da mídia adequada para cada uma. Outro aspecto complementar tratado foi em relação à catalogação de objetos de aprendizagem, uma vez que os padrões de metadados educacionais existentes não prevêem o uso de objetos de aprendizagem por diferentes plataformas. Em função dessa necessidade, realizou-se o estudo dos principais padrões de metadados educacionais, assim como os utilizados nas plataformas Web e de TV digital. Como resultado, duas extensões foram propostas aos padrões de metadados educacionais, possibilitando: a) indicar em quais plataformas é possível utilizar o objeto de aprendizagem e b) criar segmentos lógicos de um objeto de aprendizagem e, opcionalmente, agrupá-los por características em comum. Para validação, foram efetuadas algumas implementações de diferentes objetos de aprendizagem. Esses objetos de aprendizagem também foram catalogados com as extensões de metadados propostas, exemplificando seu uso. / Until recently, the personal computer was the unique device available for accessing digital content. With the introduction of interactive digital television in Brazil and the evolution of mobile phones, these platforms have become alternatives for content accessing in moments where the personal computer is not available. Additionally, it is an option for people with less purchasing capability, since they are cheaper devices. However, development of learning objects is still being designed for a single platform, wasting much of its potential usage. When rarely provided for more than one platform, the development of each version is performed in isolation, creating redundant content and unnecessarily raising the cost of construction and maintenance. In this context, this dissertation presents a new approach towards the creation of interoperable learning objects, i.e., developed in a way that the same content can be executed over the Web, digital television, and mobile devices. For that, the resources and restrictions for the above platforms were initially identified, as well the main interface usability recommendations. The result of this study generated the following recommendations: a) mechanisms to create the content just once in a way that adapts itself for each platform; b) mechanisms for media adaptation, following usability recommendations for each platform (font size and color, for example); c) mechanisms to recognize client platform and send the adequate media. Another complementary aspect that was considered is learning object cataloguing, since the existing educational metadata standards do not foresee the usage of learning objects towards different platforms. Based in this need, the study of main educational metadata standards was done, like as those used in Web and digital television. As result, two extensions were proposed to the educational metadata standards, allowing: a) the indication of in which platform it is possible to use the learning object and b) the creation of learning object logical segments and, optionally, the possibility grouping themselves by common features. For validation, some different learning objects implementations were performed. Those learning objects have also been cataloged with the proposed metadata extensions, illustrating their use.

A integração estruturada e consistente de diversas especificações (ou visões) de um sistema é hoje uma questão essencial na moderna abordagem para especificação e desenvolvimento de software. Neste contexto, precisamos de uma teoria que fale sobre formalismos de especificação e que ao mesmo tempo nos ofereça conceitos e construções para estabelecer-mos relações entre eles. Com este trabalho temos o objetivo de discutir noções rigorosas para idéia de lógica, técnicas fundamentais para relacioná-Ias e mostrar a utilização destes concei¬tos para abordar a questão da interoperabilidade formal, especialmente de provas. Como formalização para idéia de lógica utilizaremos as Instituições de Goguen & Burstall e a extensão de Meseguer para General Logics. Como técnica para rela¬cionar lógicas trabalharemos com os mapeamentos Plain e Simples de Meseguer. Atenção especial é dada à discussão das propriedades destes mapeamentos com vis¬ta à reutilização de componentes lógicos, especialmente da relação de consequência entre fórmulas. Contribuições desta dissertação incluem um tratamento acessível para os con¬ceitos fundamentais necessários para estudar lógicas e sua integração, uma expo¬sição uniforme e detalhada de uma família de sistemas lógicos e uma apresentação categórica desta integração via mapeamentos. / The integration in a sound and structured way of several specifications (or views) of a system is a key research area in (modern) software specification and development. In this context, we need a theory to speak not only about specification logics, but also one that can offer us concepts and constructions to establish relations between these formalisms. In this work we have the purpose of discussing rigorous notions for the idea of logic, presenting fundamental techniques to relate them, and introducing important constructions to approach the problem of formal interoperability, most notably of proofs. As a formalization of the informal idea of a logical system, we use Goguen & Burstall's concept of Institutions and Meseguer's further extension to General Logics. Meseguer's Plain and Simple Maps of Institutions are the tools we use to relate and map logics. Besides, special attention is given for the discussion of the essential properties of these maps concerning the borrowing of logical components, specially of consequence relations. Contributions of this thesis include a smooth presentation of fundamental techniques to study and relate logics, an uniform and detailed exposition of a num¬ber of logical systems, and a categorical formalization of relations between these formalisms by way of maps between institutions.

Submitted by Éder Freyre (ederfreyre@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2011-11-18T12:16:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Erica_Netto.pdf: 1492500 bytes, checksum: 9590c83ece37c9520b898633d68c5582 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-11-18T12:16:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Erica_Netto.pdf: 1492500 bytes, checksum: 9590c83ece37c9520b898633d68c5582 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Com o crescimento exponencial dos recursos de informação na grande rede, as bibliotecas deparam-se com o grande desafio de gerenciar os seus recursos físicos e eletrônicos de forma integrada. Na literatura, o termo biblioteca híbrida vem sendo adotado para caracterizar este tipo de biblioteca. A Biblioteca de Ciências Biomédicas, do Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde (ICICT) da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), considerada referência nacional e internacional na área de biomedicina, dispõe de diferentes formas de acesso e gestão dos vários suportes de informação, oferecendo aos usuários materiais disponíveis tanto no seu acervo físico como nos recursos eletrônicos na Internet. A Biblioteca oferece aos usuários o acesso ao acervo físico através do seu catálogo de acesso público on-line: Acervos Bibliográficos e aos recursos eletrônicos: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde – BIREME, SciELO, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) – IBICT, Portal de Periódicos CAPES. Este trabalho investiga as alternativas metodológicas e tecnológicas aplicadas aos recursos eletrônicos, visando à identificação dos padrões e protocolos de interoperabilidade e sua possível integração aos recursos físicos da Biblioteca através de um acesso integrado dos mesmos. Apresentam-se as principais tecnologias de interoperabilidade como os protocolos Z39.50 e o OAI-PMH, padrões de metadados como MARC e Dublin Core e tecnologias de linkagem, como o padrão OpenURL. Conclui-se apresentando as tecnologias de interoperabilidade aplicadas aos recursos de informação disponibilizados pela Biblioteca de Ciências Biomédicas bem como um estudo das alternativas para torná-los interoperáveis. / With the exponential gro wth of information resources in the web, libraries are beginning to have great challenges of managing their physical and electronic resources in an integrated form. In literature the term hybrid librar y comes being adopted to characterize this type of library. The Library of Biomedical Science, the Institute of Communication and Scientific and Technological In formation in Health (ICICT) of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), considered a national and international reference in the field of biomedicine, makinf use of different models for access and management in information support. The Library offers users access to physical collection by on-line public access catalogue: Acervos Bibliográficos and to electronic resources: Virtual Library in Health - BVS - BIREME, SciELO, Digital Library of Theses and Dissertation – IBICT and Portal de Periódicos CAPES. This study investigates the methodological and technological alternatives applied to electronic resources, seeking to identify of standards and protocols for interoperability and its possible integration with physical librar y resources through an integrated access of the same ones. Presents the main technologies of interoperability as the protocols Z39.50 and OAI-PMH, metadata standards as MARC and Dublin Core and the technologies of linkagem, as the OpenURL. Concluded by presenting the technologies of interoperability applied to the information resource that are arranged by the Biomedical Science Library, as well as a study of the alternatives to become these interoperable resources.