Les travaux de recherche de cette thèse portent sur la modélisation sémantique des informations industrielles, dans une approche og cycle de vie fg , de gestion des informations. Dans ce type d'approche, lever le verrou lié à l'interopérabilité des modèles d'information est une condition sine qua non à un échange d'information sans perte de flux sémantique. Jusqu'alors, des méthodes d'unification étaient envisagées, reposant sur l'utilisation mutuelle de modèles standards, tels que la norme STEP par exemple. Cependant, l'unification fait face à des limites en termes d'expressivité des modèles, de rigidité, et de perte de sémantique. Afin de lever ces limites, les paradigmes de modélisation évoluent et se tournent vers les ontologies d'inférence, outils du web sémantique.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un cadre de modélisation sémantique général et une méthodologie de mise en place de ce cadre, qui reposent sur l'utilisation d'ontologies d'inférence. L'application du cadre de modélisation à un cas d'étude industriel, issu de l'ingénierie nucléaire (plus particulièrement l'expression et l'exécution des règles métier), permet alors d'évaluer les apports et limites des ontologies en tant que paradigme de modélisation. Les limites les plus importantes que nous identifions sur l'Open World Assumption, le manque de langage de règles performant et le manque d'outils d'implémentation robustes pour des applications à large échelle. Le développement d'un démonstrateur pour le cas d'étude industriel permet finalement de tendre vers une solution mixte, où les ontologies sont utilisées localement, afin d'en exploiter les divers avantages de manière optimale. / The present research study deals with industrial information modelling in a lifecycle management approach. In this context, achieving semantic interoperability is an important issue to guaranty the quality of information storage, exchange and reuse. Current solutions are based on unification approaches and use standard models as shared information representation. However, unification approches suffer from a lack of expressivity and flexibility. To overcome this issue, ontologies are proposed as a new modelling paradigm in order to perform federativ interoperability.This research focuses on inference ontologies and investigates the use of those semantic web-based technologies for a large scale industrial application. An ontology-based framework and a modelling methodology are therefore proposed and evaluated on a industrial use case in the nuclear industry. The application raises modelling issues like the Open World Assumption, the lack of a real integrated rule approach, and the robustness of implementation tools. The industrial use case is implemented within a demonstrator, that finally allows to propose an hybrid solution, where ontologies are locally used.end{abstract}

Les applications de l'Internet des objets (IdO/IoT) se composent de divers objets en grande partie mobiles et avec des ressources limitées ou riches. Des tels dispositifs exigent des interactions légères et faiblement couplées en termes de temps, d'espace et de synchronisation. Les protocoles au niveau middleware de l'IoT prennent en charge un ou plusieurs types d'interaction assurant la communication entre objets. De plus, ils supportent différents niveaux de Qualité de service (QDS) pour cette communication par rapport aux ressources disponibles sur les dispositifs et les réseaux. Les dispositifs utilisant le même protocole middleware interagissent de manière homogène, car ils exploitent les mêmes caractéristiques fonctionnelles et de QDS. Cependant, la profusion de protocoles middleware pour l'IoT se traduit par des objets très hétérogènes. Cela nécessite des solutions d'interopérabilité avancées intégrées à des techniques de modélisation et d'évaluation de la QDS. La principale contribution de cette thèse est d'introduire une approche et de fournir une plate-forme pour la synthèse automatique des artefacts logiciels permettant l'interopérabilité. De tels artefacts permettent l'interconnexion entre des objets mobiles qui utilisent des protocoles hétérogènes au niveau middleware. Notre plate-forme prend en charge l'évaluation de l'effectivité de l'interconnexion en termes de la QDS de bout en bout. Plus précisément, nous dérivons des conditions formelles pour des interactions réussies, et nous permettons la modélisation et l'analyse des performances ainsi que le réglage du système de bout en bout, tout en considérant plusieurs paramètres système pour l'IoT mobile. / Internet of Things (IoT) applications consist of diverse Things including both resource-constrained/rich devices with a considerable portion being mobile. Such devices demand lightweight, loosely coupled interactions in terms of time, space, and synchronization. IoT middleware protocols support one or more interaction types (e.g., asynchronous messaging, streaming) ensuring Thing communication. Additionally, they introduce different Quality of Service (QoS) features for this communication with respect to available device and network resources. Things employing the same middleware protocol interact homogeneously, since they exploit the same functional and QoS features. However, the profusion of developed IoT middleware protocols introduces technology diversity which results in highly heterogeneous Things. Interconnecting heterogeneous Things requires mapping both their functional and QoS features. This calls for advanced interoperability solutions integrated with QoS modeling and evaluation techniques. The main contribution of this thesis is to introduce an approach and provide a supporting platform for the automated synthesis of interoperability software artifacts. Such artifacts enable the interconnection between mobile Things that employ heterogeneous middleware protocols. Our platform further supports evaluating the effectiveness of the interconnection in terms of end-to-end QoS. More specifically, we derive formal conditions for successful interactions, and we enable performance modeling and analysis as well as end-to-end system tuning, while considering several system parameters related to the mobile IoT.

Le vieillissement de la population s'accompagne de l'augmentation du nombre de patients souffrant de maladies chroniques. Ceci entraîne une augmentation du nombre de visites et d'examens à l'hôpital. La télémédecine peut apporter un bénéfice tant en matière de qualité et de sécurité des soins qu'en matière de réduction des dépenses de santé. Elle apparaît comme une piste prometteuse, mais encore insuffisamment déployée. Nous avons déterminé les pathologies chroniques les plus fréquentes compatibles avec la télémédecine, à savoir l'insuffisance cardiaque, le diabète, l'insuffisance respiratoire et l'insuffisance rénale. Cette étude a mis en exergue la présence d'un ensemble de comorbidités associées à ces quatre pathologies et montré la nécessité d'une prise en charge globale du patient. Un état de l'art des différentes expériences de télémédecine dans le monde pour ces maladies a mis en évidence que les différentes applications proposées sont partiellement redondantes et ne sont pas interopérables entre elles. Ainsi, les patients peuvent réaliser deux fois la même mesure pour le même examen médical, mais pour deux pathologies différentes. Ces deux problèmes peuvent induire des développements redondants pour chaque application de télémédecine, des risques de diminution de l'efficience des applications de télémédecine lors de leur déploiement, ainsi que des risques d'aggravation de la santé du patient dès lors que l'action d'un professionnel de santé sur une pathologie peut avoir des répercussions sur une autre pathologie. Par ailleurs, cette étude a fait apparaître les besoins communs à ces pathologies. Nos travaux ont donc consisté à développer une architecture générique permettant à différentes applications de télémédecine spécifiques à une pathologie chronique de partager un plateau technique commun. L'originalité de ce travail porte d'une part sur l'étude des normes et des standards de communication nécessaires à l'interopérabilité de l'infrastructure envisagée, et d'autre part sur une modélisation des données relatives aux signes vitaux analysés et à leur contexte. En effet, ces dernières contiennent toutes les informations pouvant influer sur l'interprétation des résultats, telles que la date et l'horaire de la mesure réalisée, la nature de la donnée acquise et les caractéristiques des capteurs utilisés. Pour valider notre modèle d'application de télésurveillance des maladies chroniques, nous avons réalisé deux expérimentations. La première, menée en collaboration avec la société AZNetwork, a consisté à mettre en œuvre une plate-forme digitale de recueil et d'archivage des données médicales pour les seniors dans le cadre du projet Silver@Home. La seconde expérimentation réalisée en partenariat avec le réseau de soins TELAP sur le projet Domoplaies a permis d'étendre notre modèle à un système d'échanges d'information médicale entre les professionnels de santé. Ces travaux constituent une proposition de modèle d'application de télémédecine qui est non seulement conforme au Cadre d'Interopérabilité des Systèmes d'Information de Santé (CI-SIS) de l'Agence des Systèmes d'Information Partagés de Santé (ASIP Santé), mais qui constitue une proposition d'extension de ce dernier à l'acquisition des données au domicile du patient. / The current trend in aging population leads to an increasing number of chronic diseases cases and consequently, to an increase of the number of medical examinations and hospital stays. Telemedicine system can contribute to both increase or maintain care quality and safety, as well as to reduce costs. In spite of this potential, telemedicine deployment is currently limited. We identified the most frequent chronic diseases consistent with telemedicine, namely heart failure, diabetes, respiratory failure and kidney failure. This study highlighted a number of comorbidities associated to these four diseases, reflecting the need for overall patient care. A state of the art report on worldwide Telemedicine experiments for the four chronic diseases showed that the current applications are partially redundant and hardly interoperable. Thus, the same measure can be performed twice for the same medical examination, but for two different diseases. These two problems can induce redundant developments, a risk of a decreased efficiency of a telemedicine application during its deployment, as well as risks of making the patient health worse when the intervention of a healthcare professional can have an impact on another chronic disease. Furthermore, this study revealed common requirements for these chronic diseases and their specific features. We developed a generic architecture that allows different telemedicine applications associated with specific diseases to share a common technical platform. The original aspects of this work are first, a study of communication standards to achieve an interoperable system, and, on the other hand second, a health data model for the patient's vital signs. This model contains all the necessary information to interpret the results, such as the date and time of the measurement, the acquired data format and the sensor characteristics. To validate our telemedicine application model, we conducted two experiments. The first one was a collaboration with AZNetwork company. It consisted in the development of a digital platform to collect and archive seniors' data in the context of the Silver@Home project. The second experiment was a partnership with the TELAP network on the Domoplaies project. It allowed us to extend our telemedicine model to a medical data exchange system among healthcare providers. This led us to propose a telemedicine application model, which is not only in conformity with the Health Information Systems Interoperability Framework (HIS-IF) of the "Agence des Systèmes d'Information Partagés de Santé" (ASIP Santé), but also constitutes a proposed extension of this framework to the patient's home.

The increasing complexity of Information Systems (IS) calls for IS development methods to be adapted to the specific situations of the projects at hand. Method engineering is important because it focus on the creation of new methods that can be used in the system development process with the aim of constructing new information systems. The size and complexity of projects for developing information systems are becoming larger and more complicated. Therefore, development methods turn out to be one of the most significant key factors to achieve great success of development projects. The discipline of Situational Method Engineering (SME) focuses on the creation of new project specific methods. SME is a reuse strategy to assemble reusable method fragments or method chunks originating from different methods. New methods can be constructed from a method repository by selecting the chunks that are the most appropriate to a given situation. Thus, method chunks are the basic building blocks for constructing methods in a modular way. This dissertation have identified, analyzed and categorized a set of interoperability problems for the content of a method chunk repository. These problems have been represented as a set of patterns. The patterns will facilitate the understanding of specific interoperability problems that belong to a specific method chunk. If we are aware of the different interoperability problems that exist it is more likely that we can use a method chunk successfully within the context of SME.

The emergence of Grid computing infrastructures enables researchers to share resources and collaborate in more efficient ways than before, despite belonging to different organizations and being distanced geographically. While the Grid computing paradigm offers new opportunities, it also gives rise to new difficulties. One such problem is the selection of resources for user applications. Given the large and disparate set of Grid resources, manual resource selection becomes impractical, even for experienced users. This thesis investigates methods, algorithms and software for a Grid resource broker, i.e., a scheduling agent that automates the resource selection process for the user. The development of such a component is a non-trivial task as Grid resources are heterogeneous in hardware, software, availability, ownership and usage policies. A wide range of algorithmically difficult issues must also be solved, including characterization of jobs, prediction of resource performance, data placement considerations, and, how to provide Quality of Service guarantees. One contribution of this thesis is the development of resource brokering algorithms that enable resource selection based on Grid job performance predictions and use advance reservations to provide Quality of Service guarantees. The thesis also includes an algorithm for coallocation of sets of jobs. This algorithm guarantees a simultaneous start of each subjob, as required e.g., when running larger-than-supercomputer simulations that involve multiple resources. We today have the somewhat paradoxal situation where Grids, originally aimed to overcome interoperability problems between different computing platforms, themselves struggle with interoperability problems caused by the wide range of interfaces, protocols and data formats that are used in different environments. The reasons for this situation are obvious, expected and almost impossible to avoid, as the task of defining appropriate standards, models and best-practices must be preceded by basic research, proof-of-concept implementations and real-world testing. We address the interoperability problem with a generic Grid resource brokering architecture and job submission service. By using (proposed) standard formats and protocols, the service acts as an interoperability-bridge that translates job requests between clients and resources running different Grid middlewares. This concept is demonstrated by the integration of the service with three different Grid middlewares. The service also enables users to both fine-tune the existing resource selection algorithms and plug in custom brokering algorithms tailored to their requirements.

Försvarsmakten har angett att senast år 2023 ska Försvarsmaktens insatsledningssystem vara fullt ut FMN kompatibla. Detta arbete ska besvara vad som initialt behöver förändras i Försvarsmaktens insatsledningsstödsystem för att dessa ska uppnå FMN kompatibilitet. Nuvarande FMN spiralspecifikation innehåller i princip enbart stöd för de grundläggande människa-till-människa kommunikationstjänsterna. Med hjälp av dessa ska funktions-kedjorna för SA, JISR och MEDEVAC genomföras. Försvarsmakten är tydlig med att interoperabilitet är viktigt för att kunna verka med andra, både inom och utanför närområdet. Det framgår dock inte lika tydligt vilka av Försvarsmaktens insatsledningssystem som berörs av FMN. Detta arbete har kommit fram till att SWECCIS troligen är det insatsledningsstödsystem som bäst motsvarar vad FMN försöker realisera idag och att SWECCIS i grunden är FMN kompatibel. SWECCIS tillhandahåller dock bara fyra av de sex människa-till-människa kommunikationstjänsterna, och Försvarsmaktens nuvarande lösning för att tillhandahålla ljudbaserad samarbetstjänst är inte FMN kompatibel. Framtida FMN spiralspecifikationer kommer att ställa ytterligare krav på Försvarsmaktens insatsledningsstödsystem för att dessa fortsatt ska vara FMN kompatibla. / The Swedish Armed Forces have declared that by the year 2023, the Swedish Armed Forces C2-systems are to be fully FMN compliant. This thesis is to answer what initially needs to change in the C4ISR to enable them to achieve FMN compatibility. The current FMN Spiral specification provides, in principle, only support for the essential human-to-human communication services. With this, the SA, JISR and MEDEVAC Mission Thread are to be conducted. The Swedish Armed Forces is clear about the importance of interoperability in order to act together with others, both within and outside its region. But it is less clear which of the Swedish Armed Forces C2-system that is affected by FMN. This thesis has come to the conclusion that SWECCIS probably is the C4ISR that best represents what FMN is trying to achieve today, and that SWECCIS basically is FMN compliant. SWECCIS provides, however, only four of the six human-to-human communications services, and the Swedish Armed Forces' current solution to provide audio-based collaboration services is not FMN compliant. The future FMN Spiral specifications will place more demands on the Swedish Armed Forces C4ISR for those to maintain their FMN compliant.

This paper provides a report on the experimental collaborative and distributed development of a prototypic Widget-based PLE. The development process is described and detailed taking into account the requirements of a language learning scenario. First results are presented, and developer experiences are discussed critically with a focus on the development process as well as problems with current Widget technologies and interoperability.

The thesis discusses legal aspects of software interoperability, which is one of the basic requirements for the functioning of ICT. The main aim of the thesis is to provide a critical analysis of selected legal issues regarding software interoperability from the perspective of Czech as well as European law. The thesis consists of introduction, four chapters and conclusion. The first chapter describes the technical as well as economic aspects of software interoperability and specifies the basic terms. The second chapter outlines copyright protection of software in general, including its rationale, emphasizing that software copyright is based on economic principles which distinguishes it from traditional copyright. The third chapter analyses copyright protection of software interfaces, which are the parts of the program that provide interoperability. With regards to the rationale of software copyright, the thesis analyses decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union, mainly in cases C- 393/09 (Bezpečnostní softwarová asociace - Svaz softwarové ochrany v Ministerstvo kultury) and C-406/10 (SAS Institute Inc. v World Programming Ltd.). With regards to copyright protection of interfaces, the thesis emphasises the importance of distinguishing between interface specifications and...

Although BIM today is a well-known practice, there are shortcomings, mainly within interoperability and communication. It is relevant to seek solutions through new work methods and not just through new technical solutions. There are difficulties in implementing new work methods, as the industry is known to be routine based.  The aim of the study is to clarify the need for increased efficiency in the design process in terms of model calculations, to investigate the possibilities for an improved work method for construction engineers.  To reach the goal, the data collection methods interview and literature study have been chosen. This have been chosen, in order to portray the reality of the business community as well as current research within the chosen problem area.  The study has generated factors, such as: a more frequent information exchange reduces the risk of information loss. Using standardised details as support for reporting provides the ability to mediate preservation of collective experience.  Interoperability can reduce double modelling (which today is a time-consuming part of the workflow). Using the model in more parts of the process as the model has great potential for this since it contains a lot of information. These factors can contribute to increased efficiency of the construction process in terms of model calculations.  The size of the company is not the only thing that factors in when dividing work load. Clear dialogue between disciplines can create better conditions at the start of projects. By connecting more of the design details to the model it can be used in several stages, such as in the inspection phase. For the development of the preservation of experience, a library of construction details for support in design is recommended. Another recommendation is to start the collaboration between the construction engineer and the architect at an earlier stage, to facilitate their work processes.  The results of the study are nationally applicable. The factors relating to efficiency in cost, time and quality have only been studied briefly. The interview methodology applied to the study limits the generalizability when interpretation of opinions is carried out. / Även om BIM idag är en välkänd arbetsmetod så finns det brister, främst inom interoperabilitet och kommunikation. Det är därför relevant att söka lösningar genom nya arbetsmetoder och inte enbart genom tekniska lösningar. Det finns en svårighet att implementera nya arbetsmetoder då branschen är känd för att vara rutinbaserad.  Målet med studien är att klarlägga behoven för en ökad effektivitet i konstruktionsprocessen när det gäller beräkning av modell, för att utreda möjligheterna till en förbättrad arbetsmetod för konstruktörer.  För att uppnå målet, har datainsamlingsmetoderna intervju och litteraturstudie valts. Detta för att ge en förankring till näringslivet samt aktuell forskning inom det valda problemområdet.  Studien har genererat följande faktorer. Att ha ett tätare informationsutbyte minskar risken för informationsförlust. Att använda standardiserade typdetaljer som stöd vid redovisning ger möjlighet att förmedla och erfarenhetsåterföra information.  Interoperabilitet kan minska dubbelmodellering (som idag är en tidskrävande del av arbetsgången). Att kunna nyttja modellen under fler steg i processen då modellen innehåller mycket information och därför har stor potential för detta. Ovan nämnda faktorer kan bidra till ökad effektivitet inom konstruktionsprocessen när det gäller beräkning av modell.  Uppdelning av arbetet beror inte enbart på företagets storlek. Tydlig dialog mellan discipliner kan skapa bättre förutsättningar vid uppstart av projekt. Genom att koppla mer av konstruktionens information till modellen skulle den kunna nyttjas vid fler delmoment, exempelvis vid granskning. För utveckling av erfarenhetsåterföring rekommenderas ett typdetaljsbibliotek för stöd i projektering. En annan rekommendation är att tidigare ha ett samarbete mellan konstruktör och arkitekt för att underlätta bådas arbetsprocess.  Studiens resultat är nationellt applicerbart. Det har inte gjorts några fördjupningar inom faktorer gällande effektivitet inom kostnad, tid och kvalitet. Intervjumetodiken som tillämpats för studien begränsar generaliserbarheten, då tolkning av åsikter utförts.

This thesis deals with the issue of interoperability of electronic toll systems in road transport. The first chapter contains basic information from the charging of infrastructure with a focus on technology EFC systems. The second chapter focuses on chosen toll systems. The third chapter is focused on the European Electronic Toll Service and the basic concepts of interoperability. The fourth chapter is a key part dealing with interoperable EFC systems in Europe. The final part of this thesis evaluates this topic and summarizes the basic knowledge, while also evaluates the state of charging infrastructure in the Czech Republic and its possibility of development in the field of interoperability EFC.