Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, Discipline of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2004. / "November 2003" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 307-334).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 1989. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [201]-218).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Fordham University, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 317-325).

O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral investigar as formas assumidas pela mobilidade do trabalho decorrente das transformações nas dinâmicas territoriais no momento da passagem para a segunda metade do século XX no Brasil, destacando as ações do Estado desenvolvimentista do pós-guerra e seus desdobramentos sob a intervenção do Governo militar da década de 1970, suas implicações espaciais na região centro-oeste do estado de Minas Gerais. Nesse sentido, procuramos abarcar o particular dessas transformações na atualidade do trabalho e da constituição de uma população migrante no centro-oeste mineiro, mais precisamente nos municípios de Três Marias, Corinto e Morro da Garça. A possibilidade de se construir uma relação entre o particular e o geral da sociedade moderna na pesquisa geográfica é um elemento norteador da investigação da presente pesquisa. Para tal objetivo apresentamos aqui uma pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas e registros de relatos sobre a vida de moradores e migrantes nos municípios estudados, a experiência migrante e sua perspectiva espacial. / The present study is to investigate the forms assumed by labor mobility resulting from changes in regional dynamics at the time of transition to the second half of the twentieth century in Brazil, highlighting the actions of the developmental state of post-war and its consequences under the intervention of the military government of the 1970s, their spatial implications in the midwestern region of the state of Minas Gerais. Accordingly, we seek to embrace the particular relevance of these changes in the work and the establishment of a migrant population in the mining Midwest, specifically in the towns of Três Marias, Corinto and the Morro da Garça. The possibility of building a relationship between the particular and the general in modern society in geographic research is a guiding element of the investigation of this research. For this purpose we present here a qualitative research through interviews and records of accounts of the lives of residents and migrants in the cities studied, the migrant experience and their spatial perspective.

Esta pesquisa propôs uma análise crítica das migrações estudantis na atual sociedade moderna produtora de mercadorias, problematizando a vinda de estudantes africanos/as para as universidades brasileiras, em particular, a Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), a Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC-GO) e a Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG) a partir do Programa de Estudante Convênio de Graduação e Pós-Graduação (PEC-G e PG). Este programa destaca-se como um importante acordo de cooperação educacional estabelecido entre o Brasil e países do Terceiro Mundo, dentre eles, os países africanos de língua portuguesa. Investigamos e propomos uma discussão sobre o/a migrante estudante africano/a, sob a base da qualificação da força de trabalho e o valor-dissociação como prerrogativas para a crítica do valor a partir da questão racial como uma particularidade. Na crise vivida pela sociedade moderna a mobilidade estudantil é encarada como uma alternativa governamental para o chamado desenvolvimento econômico e político de um Estado, portanto, a migração estudantil é um fenômeno particular de mobilidade da força de trabalho gerada pelo processo de modernização. A mobilidade de estudantes entre os países em desenvolvimento tem sido uma realidade cada vez mais presente e incitou-nos a pensar no migrante pela ótica dos acordos internacionais, a corrida pela qualificação profissional que se torna uma exigência fundamental no sistema produtor de mercadorias. Refletimos sobre a atual conjuntura em que se insere o/a migrante na condição de temporário/a, de futura mão-de-obra qualificada, como é o caso do/a estudante migrante. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática, coleta de dados em órgãos oficiais, nas universidades de destino sobre migrantes estudantes africanos/as e entrevistas com os/as mesmos/as, discutimos a representação social dos/as migrantes africanos/as na terra de destino, e as consequências do racismo, tratados/as estrangeiros/as não-desejados/as ou não-aceitos/as ou africanos/as num sentido generalizado, preconceituoso e discriminatório / This research proposes a critical analysis of student migration in the current modern society produces of merchandise, discussing the coming of African students for the Brazilian universities, in particular, the Federal University of Goiás (UFG), the Pontificia Catholic University of Goiás (PUC -GO) and the State University of Goiás (UEG) from the program of Student Agreement Undergraduate and Postgraduate (PEC-G and PG). This program stands out as an important educational cooperation agreement established between Brazil and Third World countries, among them the African Portuguese-speaking countries. We investigate and propose a discussion about the African migrant student, under the base of the qualification of the labor force and value-dissociation and prerogatives to the critical value from the racial issue as a peculiarity. In modern society crisis, the student mobility is seen as a government alternative to the economic and political development of the State, therefore, the student migration is a particular phenomenon of mobility of the labor force generated by the modernization process. The mobility of students among developing countries has been an ever-present reality and encourages us to think of the migrant from the perspective of international agreements, and the race for qualification which becomes a key requirement in producer goods system. Reflect on the current situation in which the migrant is inserting on the temporary conditions, of the future qualified labor, such as the student migrant. Through literature review, collecting data from official agencies, on the universities destination for African migrants students and interviews with the same, we discussed the social representation of African migrants in the \"destination\" land, and the consequences of racism, treated as the not desire \"foreign or \"not accepted\" or African on generalized sense, prejudiced and discriminatory

The following is a study of the impact of migration on unemployment rates for natives in Sweden, on municipal level. A cross sectional data set has been analyzed using multiple linear regressions. The regression analysis has searched for the impact on the unemployment rates among natives of the size of the share of migrants in the municipalities as well as of the change in the size of the share of migrants during a time span of 13 years. The results show that migration has small or non-existent impact on the unemployment rates of natives. The results vary depending on the period being investigated and also depending on the characteristics of the municipality that is investigated. When dividing the municipalities into three categories (city, urban and rural municipalities) significant impact of migration on native’s unemployment rates is to be found in city and urban municipalities, but not in rural. The results also indicate that the most significant impact is to be found in the present period of time, while in the long term the impact diminishes to become less significant or not significant at all. 10% migrants in a city municipality in 2015 increased natives’ unemployment level that same year by 0.4 percentage units. More rapid increases of the share of migrants in the labor force have more impact as well. A municipality were the share of migrants grew with 1 percentage unit between 2003 and 2015, had 0.1 percentage unit higher unemployment rate for natives in 2015. This study’s results follow the pattern from earlier studies in the field, that since the 1990’s have shown similar effects when measuring different countries on different continents – sometimes the effect has been significant, sometimes not, and when significant the impact has been rather small, often clustering around zero.

The interweaving of China's "reform and opening-up" policy of 1978 with globalisation has shifted the landscape of Chinese economic geographies (CEGs). With influential economic, social, and ideological functions, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) vividly illustrate the multiple political economic, geographic, and socio-cultural dimensions of these changes. Regions with concentrations of SOEs have been particularly impacted. This includes North East (NE) China, which historically held the highest proportion of employment in SOEs and has witnessed the closure of many SOEs and regional decline. Explanations of these changes emphasise the structural and institutional mechanisms of reform under globalisation. I argue this extensive literature regards workers as passive factors of production and limits discussions of space and time. Drawing on scholarship on Global Production Networks (GPNs) and Assemblages, I propose a new conceptual framework that positions the everyday life of each worker at the heart of SOE transformation. My central research question is: "how are workers" everyday lives implicated in SOE transformation?" I explore this by re-reading transformation as the coming together of reform under globalisation with the lived experiences, practices, and affective encounters of workers' everyday lives. The novelty of this framework leads me to sketch three general research propositions rather than setting formal hypotheses. I address the research question and demonstrate my framework by using qualitative research methods and building grounded theory. To explore the differentiated ways in which SOEs are transforming, I studied 13 SOEs from three major cities of NE (Harbin, Changchun, and Shenyang). A three-phase research design was deployed. I completed 62 individual and 8 group interviews. To increase the reliability and replicability of the results, I triangulated data by considering in-depth interviews, public policy documents, internet forums, movies and magazines, and on-site field observation. The empirical findings are presented in three chapters which depict, respectively, the lived experiences, practices, and affective encounters of everyday life. First, I explore workers' lived experiences of social relations in the context of reform and their link to specific spatial arrangements. I characterise interdependent social relations and spatial arrangements constitute the socio-spatial formations. The next chapter further explores workers' mobile and immobile practices and the changing meanings of time and space of SOE socio-spatial formation. Third, I describe how encounters and affects give rise to intensity of feelings which reproduces practice and impacts the SOE socio-spatial formation. In a nutshell, understanding SOEs as socio-spatial formations implies that transformation is not "meted out" by a state or abstract market force but an "always already present"process of mutual constitution of lived experiences, practices, and affective encounters in everyday life. Overall, my thesis expands economic geographic knowledge by highlighting the ongoing and processual nature of space and time and, more specifically, by valorising worker agency. I reflect on implications for CEG to combine with cultural and social geographies. I conclude by calling for an ontological shift of focusing on the emergence and contingency of CEGs.

No description available.

Globalization has become an unstoppable trend in nowadays world economy. It brings both risks and opportunities to a country. In order to seize the best part of globalization and avoid possible harms, it is important to comprehend the mechanisms of how openness impacts the overall economy. My dissertation includes three essays that contribute to understanding the impact of openness for the macro-economy. My first chapter starts from two novel observations - 1. Bilateral migration is pervasive across OECD countries, both for high-skilled and low-skilled workers; 2. Foreign affiliates of multinational corporations (MNCs) tend to hire a significantly larger fraction of migrant workers than domestic firms. These two observations challenge the traditional migration models, which assume foreign and native workers within a skill group are homogeneous. These facts also indicate that there exists a tight connection between migration and multinational corporations' activities. I formalize these two points into a general equilibrium model and demonstrate how MNCs and migration can come together to explain the aforementioned observations, and their welfare implications. In my second chapter, I use the theoretical model I developed in Chapter One for a quantitative discussion of immigration policies between the U.S. and Canada. I calibrate the model and implement counterfactual experiments to address two general policy considerations - the effect of migration quotas, and the welfare implication of moving cost adjustments. Contrary to common belief, I find that migration quotas have negative effect on native workers' real income. Further, lower moving costs in general help improving the welfare of workers from both countries. Finally, in the third chapter, I provide a theory to explain the observation that, before WWII, openness is general negatively related to long-term growth, while the relationship becomes positive after WWII. I argue that the effectiveness of technology diffusion between two trading economies is the key determinant of the net effect of openness to long-term growth. The more effective is technology diffusion between two countries, the more likely openness is good for their long-term growth.