Orientador : Joaquim Brasil Fortes Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T14:15:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Topan_JulianadeSouza_M.pdf: 1075538 bytes, checksum: 4ef21f06979fdb2fabe67c50273f8bbc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: As primeiras adaptações de mitos gregos em obras destinadas a crianças e jovens, escritas e publicadas no Brasil, datam do início do século XX, em que Monteiro Lobato, autor considerado como um dos fundadores de nossa literatura infanto-juvenil, teve uma importante contribuição. Com a publicação de "O Minoutauro" (1939) e "Os doze trabalhos de Hércules" (1944), Lobato apresenta uma imagem da Grécia Antiga (em especial, do século V a. C., conhecido como "século de Péricles") e da Grécia Arcaica (que ele chama de "Heróica", por ser onde localiza os grandes feitos de heróis guerreiros, como Hércules). Nessas obras, chamanos a atenção a maneira como o autor se apropria da chamada "mitologia grega" - subvertendo, muitas vezes, a versão canônica, re-inventando narrativas, adaptando-as ao público mirim e apresentando uma imagem idealizada da cultura grega antiga e arcaica. Nesse sentido, Lobato revela suas influências de autores franceses, como Ernest Renan e Anatole France, e do filósofo e historiador Will Durant, ao reforçar, em suas obras, a idéia do "milagre grego". Além disso, constrói singularmente a figura do herói Hércules, como um homem bruto em modos e inteligência, mas dotado de grande sentimentalidade. Isso nos faz refletir sobre os diversos modelos de narrativa heróica, em especial, dos heróis grego arcaico (típico da narrativa épica) e europeu moderno (típico da narrativa romanesca) / Abstract: The first adaptations of Greek myths in books for children and young readers, written and published in Brazil, are dated back to the beginning of 20th century. Monteiro Lobato, writer known as one of the founders of our literature for young people, had an important contribution to these first adaptations. By publishing O Minotauro (The Minotaur), in 1939, and Os doze trabalhos de Hércules (The twelve trials of Hercules) in 1944, Lobato portraits na image of Ancient Greece (especially of the 5th century B. C., called â?¿Age of Periclesâ??) as well as Archaic Greece (which was called "Heroic" by Lobato, for being the period in which the great acts of heroes, like Hercules, took place). In these books, the way in which the writer makes use of the so-called Greek mythology attracts our attention â?¿ sometimes subverting the canonical version, reinventing narratives, adapting them to the young public and presenting na idealized image of the ancient and archaic Greek culture. In this way, Lobato reveals his influences of French writers, like Ernest Renan and Anatole France, and the philosopher and historian Will Durant, by reinforcing in his books, the idea of the "Greek miracle". Moreover, he singularly constructs the image of the hero Hercules, as a rude man, not only in his manners, but also in his intelligence, but endowed with great sentimentality. This causes us to reflect upon the various models of heroic narratives, especially of the archaic Greek heroes (typical in epic narratives) and modern European (typical in roman narratives) ones / Mestrado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Mestre em Educação

This research explores the availability and potential educational uses of different forms of poetry that can be read using a postcolonial approach. The focus is on contemporary France and Spain, two contexts where people with different cultural heritages coexist and need to negotiate cultural imbalances inherited from colonial and neo-colonial domination. This research highlights poetry’s overlooked suitability to engage young people in the expression of cultural difference in a progressively globalized world where cultivating cross-cultural understanding and tolerance needs to be at the top of our agendas. For this reason, the dissertation includes an analysis of poems (currently available for young people) aiming to foreground the possibilities of a postcolonial reading. I also studied similarities and divergences between the French and Spanish scenarios based on evidence gathered during a survey of the Spanish and French fields of poetry for young people and from interviews with informed agents. The survey of the field consists of the exploration of textbooks and anthologies but also the examination of poetry circulating through on-line channels. The interviews were undertaken with selected French and Spanish representatives of people currently involved in the production and dissemination of poetry for young people. I observed that the number of poems showing connections to a postcolonial legacy was scant in the French school material and even more in the Spanish books that I examined. I also confirmed that little attention was given to oral ways to deliver poetry especially showing little regard for the oral literary practices and traditions of non-European French and Spanish speaking communities. The Spanish lack of attention to these traditions is more salient. This contrasts with observations about non-school contexts. Spanish and French young people can nowadays easily engage with varied cultural traditions in poetry which circulate in poetry events and social media. Interviewees confirmed these observations but also raised issues about Spanish and French poetry education that need to be dealt with so as to improve school attention to mixed cultural heritages in poetry. The main contribution to knowledge of this thesis consists in identifying the underused and unexplored educational potential of French and Spanish poetry currently available for young people that can be fruitfully approached using postcolonial lenses. The evaluation of the information gathered in this research reveals that dominant French and Spanish approaches to poetry and limited poetry repertoires hinder the visibility of some contemporary forms of poetry and restrain the effectiveness of some poetry already present in mainstream poetry corpora. However, the comparison of scenarios shows that France offers more accessible and relevant ‘places of enunciation ’ than Spain does for poets to address young people. For instance, comparing contexts, French young people have easier access and more support than Spanish youth to engage with poets’ expressions of being culturally displaced.

[pt] A literatura possui um potencial humanizador, capaz de possibilitar ao leitor o conhecimento de si próprio e do mundo, com especial relevância para o jovem leitor, que está em processo de formação da sua subjetividade. Contudo, a pesquisa Retratos da Leitura no Brasil constata um movimento de afastamento entre o jovem e a leitura literária. Identificando o Design como mediador de leitura e possível aliado no processo de aproximação entre o público juvenil e os livros de literatura, busca-se nesta dissertação um entendimento dos lugares do Design no mercado editorial contemporâneo e nas políticas públicas de fomento à leitura, por meio da análise quantitativa e qualitativa de livros formadores do acervo do Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola (PNBE). A categorização organizada, a partir dos conceitos de Linden, Haslam e Lupton e Phillips, compõe um panorama das relações entre conteúdo textual e imagético nos livros para jovens e relaciona a presença de elementos do Design à valorização da fruição do leitor e ao diálogo entre as diversas linguagens do objeto-livro. Ao constatar que a maioria dos livros não considera o lugar social do jovem leitor e não explora as possibilidades oferecidas pelo Design, propõe-se uma política de Design na Leitura, configurada como atividade projetual de vocação interdisciplinar que entende o leitor enquanto instância cultural e social, visando não apenas contribuir para a consolidação do Design como campo interdisciplinar junto às políticas públicas de fomento à leitura, como também para um projeto de formação continuada do magistério. / [en] Literature has a humanizing potential, capable of enabling the reader to acquire knowledge both about him/herself and the world. For this reason, it has special relevance to the young reader, who is in the process of forming his/her subjectivity. Nevertheless, the research Retratos da Leitura no Brasil (Portray of Reading in Brazil) shows a distancing movement of the young reader and literary reading. Identifying Design as a mediator for reading and a possible ally in the approximation process between the juvenile audience and literature books, this dissertation aims at understanding the role of Design in the contemporary publishing market and in public policies aimed at promoting reading. Thus, it presents both a quantitative and qualitative analyses of the collection of books at the Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola (PNBE – School Library National Program). The categories, organized according to the concepts proposed by Linden, Haslam and Lupton e Phillips, comprise an overview of the relations between textual and pictorial content in the books for young people and relates the presence of Design elements to the valorization of reader fruition and dialog among the several languages of the book. Research findings indicate that most books do not consider the social role of the young reader and do not explore the possibilities offered by Design. Thus, this research proposes the development of a policy of Design in Reading as a project-oriented activity of interdisciplinary feature, which perceives the reader as both a cultural and social instance and aims not only at contributing to the consolidation of Design as an interdisciplinary field in public policies to promote reading, but also as a project of continuing education in teaching.

Les Harry Potter, depuis le début de leur publication en 1997, n’ont cessé de susciter un engouement international avec leur version originale anglaise tout comme avec leurs traductions. Leur auteur, l’écrivain britannique, J.K.Rowling, se voit depuis lors félicitée pour sa créativité et notamment pour son inventivité langagière. Celle-ci (dans les six premiers volumes) est le sujet de la présente recherche ainsi que sa trad-aptation en langues étrangères et tout particulièrement en français ainsi qu’en néerlandais. Œuvre littéraire pour la jeunesse à l’origine, ces livres ont néanmoins conquis un lectorat plus large pour devenir des cross-over books. Ce développement trouve une justification dans l’expression du récit et non seulement dans la diégèse. Cette recherche tente d’analyser les multiples facettes des langages utilisés et/ ou inventés, d’une part, et démontre qu’il est possible de parler de l’élaboration d’un idiolecte spécifique littéraire - le rowlinguisme - en étudiant les références culturelles intrinsèques au langage dans une première partie, puis la texture sonore et les traits humoristiques dans une deuxième partie (jeux sur les sons et sur les mots, descriptions visuelles et auditives, idiolectes) avant d’aborder l’étude des passages de styles, et donc de formes, différentes. Ces trois axes sont envisagés aussi bien pour le texte d’origine que pour les versions étrangères mentionnées ci-dessus. Or, la traduction est le sujet de la dernière partie plus spécifiquement aussi bien en partant des observations lexicales portant sur le texte de J.K. Rowling que sur les pratiques économiques et professionnelles (traductologie, édition, lectorat, ré-écriture) des traducteurs. D’autre part, il s’agit aussi de tirer une conclusion quant au résultat, à savoir qu’il fut plus aisé pour le traducteur néerlandais (avec une langue germanique) que pour celui français d’œuvrer du fait des ressources linguistiques disponibles. / Ever since the Harry Potter books started being published, they have triggered much enthusiasm around the world be it in their original English version or in translation. Their British author, J.K. Rowling has been praised for her creativity, and especially for her linguistic inventiveness. The latter – in the first six volumes – is the subject of the present dissertation and so is its trad-aptation into foreign languages – more precisely into French and Dutch. Originally literary works for young people, these books, however, have reached a wider readership, thus becoming cross-over books. This development can be justified by the way the story is expressed – and not only on account of the diegesis itself. This research tries to analyse the various features of the languages which are used and/or invented, on the one hand, and demonstrates that one can refer to the conception of a specific literary idiolect – rowlinguism – studying the cultural references within the language itself in a first part, then the phonological quality and the humour of the text in a second part (plays on sounds and words, visual and oral descriptions, idiolects) before tackling the analysis of passages with different styles and forms. These three aspects are considered both as far as the original text is concerned as well as the foreign versions mentioned above. Indeed, translation is the very subject of the last part, based on both lexical observations on J.K. Rowling’s text and on economical and professional practices (translating, publishing, reading, re-writing). On the other hand, therefore, a conclusion had to be drawn concerning the result, namely it has been easier to translate into Dutch – a Germanic language - than into French – a Latin language – due to available linguistic resources