This study begins with a discussion of step theory. Included in this discussion is the basis of chord succession, the idea of fundamental representation, and the uses of reinterpretation technique. These concepts are then used to demonstrate the continuity and logic of the harmonic language found in Strauss's Macbeth.

Submitted by Secretaria Pós de Produção (tpp@vm.uff.br) on 2017-07-27T18:57:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 D2016 - Gustavo Naciff de Andrade.pdf: 2452194 bytes, checksum: f8401611b3a2637e99e0b74cf7192ddd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-27T18:57:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 D2016 - Gustavo Naciff de Andrade.pdf: 2452194 bytes, checksum: f8401611b3a2637e99e0b74cf7192ddd (MD5) / Medir a eficiência levando em consideração as preferências de um decisor estabelecidas a priori. Para tanto propõe-se a integração da modelagem de Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) e a metodologia multicritério Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique (MACBETH) através de um problema de programação linear integrado. São propostas duas abordagens de integração. A primeira delas, denominada DEAMACBETH, agrega os outputs do modelo usando a lógica MACBETH. Nesta abordagem, quando se realiza a transformação característica de MACBETH nos pesos dos outputs, chegase aos mesmos pesos das trocas que o modelo multicritério sugeriria para uma mesma matriz de julgamentos. A segunda abordagem deriva da primeira, mas busca utilizar as restrições de MACBETH como restrições aos pesos em DEA, por esta razão é denominada DEAMACBETH-WR (WR – Weight Restrictions). É proposto um algoritmo que utiliza um parâmetro do modelo anterior para possibilitar uma flexibilização na razão dos pesos do modelo permitindo uma maior flexibilidade na atribuição aos pesos do que o modelo DEAMACBETH. Por fim, é apresentado um estudo de caso em que se busca avaliar o portfólio de investimentos em projetos por distribuidora no âmbito do Programa de Eficiência Energética (PEE) da ANEEL. Os resultados evidenciam como diferentes matrizes de julgamento conduzem a rankings diferentes de distribuidoras para ambas as abordagens desenvolvidas. / This study aims to develop a new methodology to measure the efficiency taking into account the preferences of a decision maker. It is proposed the integration of Data Envlopment Analysis (DEA) and the multicriteria methodology Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique (MACBETH) through an integrated linear programming problem. Two approaches to this integration are proposed. The first, called DEA-MACBETH, aggregates the outputs of the model using MACBETH logic. This fact is proven when performing the transformation, characteristic of MACBETH, in the weights of outputs and comes up to same swing weights that the multi-criteria model would suggest to the same judgments matrix. The second approach is derived from the first but uses MACBETH restrictions such as restrictions on weights in DEA. For this reason this second approach is referred DEA-MACBETH-WR (WR - Weight Restrictions). It is proposed an algorithm which uses a previous model parameter to allow flexibility in the weights in comparison to the DEA-MACBETH model. Finally, it is presented a case study in which the objective is to evaluate the portfolio of investments for brazilians distributors in Energy Efficiency Program Project (EEP). The results show how different judgment matrix can lead to different rankings of distributors for the developed approaches.

The work of Shakespeare has been popular to make film adaptations of from the birth of cinema. Macbeth, one of his most often played tragedies, is no exception. But how did Shakespeare portray Lady Macbeth in his play, and how do directors in the 21th century choose to portray her for a modern audience? I will try to find the answer to these questions by analyzing Shakespeare´s play as well as three modern adaptations. I will begin the thesis by looking at scholars´ view in questions regarding gender, free will, adaptations and genre before analyzing the play and the three movies. I will do this so in order to make comparisons between the play and the three adaptations. My conclusion is that Shakespeare wrote Lady Macbeth as a strong woman, an “unwomanly” woman of her time. The three adaptations also portray her as a strong woman, but in three different ways. I cannot draw any overall conclusions as this thesis is a subjective interpretation of text as well as picture, but further analysis of more adaptations of Macbeth can perhaps verify what has been stated in this thesis.

One of the most perplexing figures in Shakespeare's tragedies is Lady Macbeth. In light of recent feminist studies, Lady Macbeth must be studied in the social and historical context of Shakespeare's own era. By comparing the situation of women at that time with the vast number of social constraints placed on them through state channels, we see these women emerging from the social ideal of the cloistered submissive wife despite the attempts of patriarchal politics to restrain their advances. / Lady Macbeth's actions are often interpreted as those of a bloodthirsty woman overstepping her social position. But Lady Macbeth is a product of a perverse society which worships the warrior-hero and dictates the importance of being a man, "broody, bold, and resolute". Interestingly, contrary to many interpretations, Lady Macbeth never attempts to be anything but a submissive, devoted wife. She and her husband embody the paradoxes inherent in their culture.

[pt] Esta dissertação apresenta, via um estudo de caso, o desenvolvimento de um modelo de decisão multicritério para a definição do Índice de Qualidade de Fornecimento de Energia Elétrica por uma distribuidora. O estudo desenvolveu um processo interativo, apoiado pela abordagem multicritério e software MACBETH. Este trabalho apresenta as diferentes componentes deste processo interativo sociotécnico. MACBETH requer apenas julgamentos qualitativos sobre as diferenças de atratividade entre elementos para gerar pontuações e pesos em cada critério. Esse tipo de procedimento de julgamento motivou discussão e aprendizagem no âmbito do grupo de trabalho, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de valores em grupo. O modelo multicritério desenvolvido é suficientemente genérico para ser facilmente aplicável a outras distribuidoras de energia elétrica. O índice proposto pode ser adaptado e servir como medida de comparação da qualidade dos serviços prestados entre as diversas distribuidoras. Desta forma, o presente trabalho também se apresenta como uma contribuição ao órgão regulador, que vem estudando a possibilidade de se definir um indicador de qualidade que seja mais robusto e que leve em consideração outros aspectos dos serviços de fornecimento de energia. / [en] This dissertation presents, through a case study, the development of a multicriterion decision model to create a Quality Index to evaluate the service provided by a distribution electricity utility. The study used an iterative process following the approach proposed by MACBETH software. The thesis shows the different components of this social-technical process adopted. MACBETH requires solely qualitative judgments about the attractiveness differences among the elements in order to generate the weights and the marks for each criterion. This type of judgment procedure motivates the discussion and the learning process among the members of the working group, which results in a real contribution to development of a group value system. The multicriterion model developed is general enough to allow its implementation to others distribution electricity utilities. This proposed index can be easily adapted and acts as a comparison measure of the quality of the services provided by utilities. Therefore, the present thesis also brings about a contribution to the regulator agent which is searching for quality index that is robust enough to be implemented in any distributing utility.

The human environment intervenience aiming the progress and the yields increases has been causing social, economic and environmental unbalance. Since the nineties, the raise of environmental conciousness has induced the search for higher production, with a lower environmental impact, redefining a new vision of the natural resources economic exploitation. Brazil has a clear tradition in developing technologies for agriculture. Embrapa, the Brazilian Corporation for Research in Agriculture develops research offering its results, products and services to the society. However, part of these tecnologies are not intensely adopted by the society resulting in investment losses and consequent delay in the country development. As a result of Embrapa´s research center for the coastal tablelands activities there is the Curadermite a drug useful in live stock hoofs infections healing. This current research intended to identify and analyse the limiting factors for adoption and insertion of Curadermite in the livestock industry activities in the northeast of Brazil. The data was a result of a research survey carried out with producers, extension service people, researchers and statistical poles available at IBGE and Embrapa. The analisis of Curadermite impact considered the methodology of strenght decision multicriterion, with Macbeth approaching. The study revealed the khowledge limitation of Curadermite in Bahia and Sergipe States; well as in the scientific and academic medium; and a conflict of interests and discrepancies between the product manufactures and the consumers regarding the many factors that might refrain the complete adoption of the technology. This case study reveals the necessity of a detailed analysis as well as a strategical review in the marketing and in the comercialization of Embrapa´s tecnologies. This research presents, as inovation, the adaptation of the Macbeth tecnology for use in impacting analysis based on field survey data. It was considered as a efficient tool to the equiliibrium and ponderation of the impact evaluation of the tecnology adoption on this study. / A atuação do homem no meio ambiente em busca do aumento de produção e progresso tem causado desequilíbrios econômicos, sociais e ambientais. A partir da década de 90, com o aumento da consciência ambiental, buscam-se alternativas tecnológicas para o aumento da produção com a minimização dos impactos ambientais, redefinindo uma nova visão de exploração econômica dos recursos naturais. O Brasil tem uma longa tradição em gerar tecnologia para a agricultura e a Embrapa Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária desenvolve pesquisas na área agrícola e pecuária sendo seus principais resultados tecnologias, produtos e serviços oferecidos à sociedade. Todavia, grande parte das tecnologias desenvolvidas pela Embrapa e em outras instituições de pesquisa nem sempre são incorporadas ao cotidiano da sociedade, implicando em prejuízos nos investimentos e em atrasos no desenvolvimento do país. Como resultado das atividades de pesquisa na Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros destaca-se, dentre outras, o desenvolvimento do Curadermite medicamento usado na prevenção e tratamento de infecções nos cascos de ovinos, caprinos e bovinos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e analisar os fatores limitantes à adoção e incorporação do Curadermite na atividade agropecuária da região nordeste do Brasil. As informações utilizadas são oriundas de levantamentos feitos junto a produtores, extensionistas e pesquisadores que atuam na região, além das bases de dados do IBGE e da Embrapa. A análise dos impactos do Curadermite foi feita sob o enfoque da metodologia multicritério de apoio à decisão com a abordagem Macbeth. O estudo revela a limitação do conhecimento do Curadermite aos estados da Bahia e Sergipe; a falta de penetração do conhecimento do produto nos meios científicos e acadêmicos; e os conflitos existentes entre a percepção da empresa e a dos usuários potenciais da tecnologia, no que tange a importância relativa atribuída aos principais fatores envolvidos na sua adoção. Tais fatos indicam a necessidade de revisão da estratégia de marketing e comercialização de tecnologias pela Embrapa. O trabalho apresenta, como inovação, a adaptação da metodologia Macbeth para o uso em análise de impactos com base em levantamento de campo, a qual se mostrou um instrumento eficaz para a ponderação e equilíbrio na avaliação de impactos na adoção da tecnologia avaliada nesse trabalho.

No description available.

Traditionally, Macbeth has been read as a morality tale about the perils of ambition. The question that has implicitly animated most treatments of the play is, "Why does Macbeth kill Duncan?" By shifting the emphasis away from Macbeth's motives for killing Duncan onto his inability to refrain from killing him, I draw attention to the striking fact that, in killing King Duncan, Macbeth acts against a fully considered better judgment not to. This suggests the possibility that Macbeth's much-discussed ambition can be understood as a subset of the broader theme of akrasia , the condition in which an agent is unable to perform an action he knows to be right. After identifying and exploring the theme of akrasia in several of Shakespeare's plays, I go on to situate Macbeth's murder of Duncan in the context of the long literary and philosophical debate on incontinence. I then suggest four interrelated explanations of Macbeth's akrasia. First, Macbeth's connection to the motivational conditions of his knowledge is shallow; he does not feel what he knows. Second, Macbeth's lack of self-control is habitual because his weak connection to the conative dimension of his knowledge prohibits him from appealing to techniques of skilled resistance. Third, his habitual lack of self-control renders him vulnerable to Lady Macbeth's taunts, which not only deplete the motivation supporting his better judgment but also prevent him from giving full deliberative weight to his better judgment. Finally, Macbeth also engages in a consistent pattern of self-deception that not only facilitates his akratic slaughter of King Duncan but also enables him to murder Banquo and MacDuff's family. My explanation of how Macbeth is able to act self-deceptively against his better evidence echoes my account of how he is able to act akratically against his better judgment: he does not feel what he knows.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Göteborg, 1986. / Added t.p. with thesis statement, inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 300-311) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Göteborg, 1986. / Added t.p. with thesis statement, inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 300-311) and index.