A proposta de dissertação de mestrado, intitulada Tensões Políticas e Psicológicas em Macbeth e no Drama de Shakespeare, é fazer uma leitura crítica à luz dos aspectos históricos e dos problemas psicológicos apresentados na obra de Shakespeare (1564-1616). Serão analisados os problemas políticos, históricos e psicológicos em Macbeth e no drama shakespeariano, pois, percebe-se uma intrínseca relação entre as tensões políticas e históricas e a consciência na obra de Shakespeare, nem sempre elucidada pela crítica contemporânea. Assim, notam-se dois elementos opostos, que geram tais conflitos: de um lado, o Estado monárquico, cuja necessidade é manter uma ordem harmônica e estável, que, para isso, cria mecanismos punitivos que regem e determinam a conduta do indivíduo, como por exemplo as idéias de ordem, de justiça retributiva, pregadas nas homilias, e da mística dos dois corpos do rei; de outro, o indivíduo, por exemplo Macbeth, cujo desejo entra em conflito com o Estado e sua necessidade de ordem, a fim de tentar sobrepô-los para satisfazer sua vontade. Como se observa, a oposição dos problemas históricos se revelam não só no plano político, mas Shakespeare também cria artifícios estéticos que ampliam as tensões políticas no plano psicológico. Assim, elementos históricos como o tiranicídio e a monarcomaquia vão figurar como elementos propulsores das tensões psicológicas. Essa dissertação está organizada em três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo, intitulado Tensões Políticas e Históricas em Macbeth e no Drama de Shakespeare, apresenta problemas históricas amplamente discutidos na era elisabetana e jacobina como a tirania, a monarcomaquia, a violação da soberania, as idéias de ordem e a teoria os dois corpos do rei. No segundo capítulo, Consciência no Drama de Shakespeare e na era Elisabetana e Jacobina, pretende-se mostrar como tais problemas históricos desencadeiam tensões psicológicos em algumas peças de Shakespeare, em particular em Macbeth, Richard II, Richard III e Hamlet. No terceiro capítulo, Tensões Psicológicas em Macbeth: a Consciência e a Ambição, apresenta-se uma análise da consciência e da ambição em Macbeth, como uma reação a esses embates entre o estado, seus mecanismos superegóicos e o indivíduo. / This master thesis, entitled Political and Psychological Tensions in Macbeth and in the Shakespearean Drama, aims to analise Shakespeare’s (1564-1616) masterpiece in terms of historical aspects and psychological issues. I propose to analise political, historical and psychological problems in Macbeth and in the Shakespearean Drama, for we can perceive an intrinsic connection between these political and historical tensions, and conscience in Shakespearean work, which is not always explained by some contemporary critics. At this point, there are two opposing elements, which create such conflicts: on the one hand, there is the monarchal State, whose necessity is to keep the harmonious and stable order, which hence forge punitive tools in order to control and determine the individual behaviour, such as the order ideas, retributive justice, and the theory of the King’s two bodies, which were preached in the homilies; on the other hand, there is the individual, for instance Macbeth, whose desire comes into conflict with the monarchal State and its necessity of order, for satisfying his will. That opposition of the historical problems appears not only in the political realm, but Shakespeare creates aesthetic devices as well, which spread out the political tension into the psychological level. Thus, historical issues as tyrannicide and monarchomachy will reappear as propulsioning elements to the psychological tensions. This thesis is organised in three chapters. The first one, entitled Political and Historical Tensions in Macbeth and in the Shakespearean Drama, presents some historical issues widely discussed in the Elizabethan and Jacobean Ages, such as tyrany, monarchomachy, the violation of sovereignty, the order ideas and the theory of the king’s two bodies. In the second chapter, Conscience in the Shakespearean Drama and in the Elizabethan and Jacobean Ages, it is presented how these historical problems unchain psychological tensions in some of the Shakespeare’s plays, especially in Macbeth, Richard II, Richard III and Hamlet. In the third one, Psychological Tensions in Macbeth: Conscience and Ambition, it is provided an analysis of conscience and ambition in Macbeth, as a result of a reaction against these collisions between the monarchal State, its superegoic mecanicisms and the individual.

A proposta de dissertação de mestrado, intitulada Tensões Políticas e Psicológicas em Macbeth e no Drama de Shakespeare, é fazer uma leitura crítica à luz dos aspectos históricos e dos problemas psicológicos apresentados na obra de Shakespeare (1564-1616). Serão analisados os problemas políticos, históricos e psicológicos em Macbeth e no drama shakespeariano, pois, percebe-se uma intrínseca relação entre as tensões políticas e históricas e a consciência na obra de Shakespeare, nem sempre elucidada pela crítica contemporânea. Assim, notam-se dois elementos opostos, que geram tais conflitos: de um lado, o Estado monárquico, cuja necessidade é manter uma ordem harmônica e estável, que, para isso, cria mecanismos punitivos que regem e determinam a conduta do indivíduo, como por exemplo as idéias de ordem, de justiça retributiva, pregadas nas homilias, e da mística dos dois corpos do rei; de outro, o indivíduo, por exemplo Macbeth, cujo desejo entra em conflito com o Estado e sua necessidade de ordem, a fim de tentar sobrepô-los para satisfazer sua vontade. Como se observa, a oposição dos problemas históricos se revelam não só no plano político, mas Shakespeare também cria artifícios estéticos que ampliam as tensões políticas no plano psicológico. Assim, elementos históricos como o tiranicídio e a monarcomaquia vão figurar como elementos propulsores das tensões psicológicas. Essa dissertação está organizada em três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo, intitulado Tensões Políticas e Históricas em Macbeth e no Drama de Shakespeare, apresenta problemas históricas amplamente discutidos na era elisabetana e jacobina como a tirania, a monarcomaquia, a violação da soberania, as idéias de ordem e a teoria os dois corpos do rei. No segundo capítulo, Consciência no Drama de Shakespeare e na era Elisabetana e Jacobina, pretende-se mostrar como tais problemas históricos desencadeiam tensões psicológicos em algumas peças de Shakespeare, em particular em Macbeth, Richard II, Richard III e Hamlet. No terceiro capítulo, Tensões Psicológicas em Macbeth: a Consciência e a Ambição, apresenta-se uma análise da consciência e da ambição em Macbeth, como uma reação a esses embates entre o estado, seus mecanismos superegóicos e o indivíduo. / This master thesis, entitled Political and Psychological Tensions in Macbeth and in the Shakespearean Drama, aims to analise Shakespeare’s (1564-1616) masterpiece in terms of historical aspects and psychological issues. I propose to analise political, historical and psychological problems in Macbeth and in the Shakespearean Drama, for we can perceive an intrinsic connection between these political and historical tensions, and conscience in Shakespearean work, which is not always explained by some contemporary critics. At this point, there are two opposing elements, which create such conflicts: on the one hand, there is the monarchal State, whose necessity is to keep the harmonious and stable order, which hence forge punitive tools in order to control and determine the individual behaviour, such as the order ideas, retributive justice, and the theory of the King’s two bodies, which were preached in the homilies; on the other hand, there is the individual, for instance Macbeth, whose desire comes into conflict with the monarchal State and its necessity of order, for satisfying his will. That opposition of the historical problems appears not only in the political realm, but Shakespeare creates aesthetic devices as well, which spread out the political tension into the psychological level. Thus, historical issues as tyrannicide and monarchomachy will reappear as propulsioning elements to the psychological tensions. This thesis is organised in three chapters. The first one, entitled Political and Historical Tensions in Macbeth and in the Shakespearean Drama, presents some historical issues widely discussed in the Elizabethan and Jacobean Ages, such as tyrany, monarchomachy, the violation of sovereignty, the order ideas and the theory of the king’s two bodies. In the second chapter, Conscience in the Shakespearean Drama and in the Elizabethan and Jacobean Ages, it is presented how these historical problems unchain psychological tensions in some of the Shakespeare’s plays, especially in Macbeth, Richard II, Richard III and Hamlet. In the third one, Psychological Tensions in Macbeth: Conscience and Ambition, it is provided an analysis of conscience and ambition in Macbeth, as a result of a reaction against these collisions between the monarchal State, its superegoic mecanicisms and the individual.

A proposta de dissertação de mestrado, intitulada Tensões Políticas e Psicológicas em Macbeth e no Drama de Shakespeare, é fazer uma leitura crítica à luz dos aspectos históricos e dos problemas psicológicos apresentados na obra de Shakespeare (1564-1616). Serão analisados os problemas políticos, históricos e psicológicos em Macbeth e no drama shakespeariano, pois, percebe-se uma intrínseca relação entre as tensões políticas e históricas e a consciência na obra de Shakespeare, nem sempre elucidada pela crítica contemporânea. Assim, notam-se dois elementos opostos, que geram tais conflitos: de um lado, o Estado monárquico, cuja necessidade é manter uma ordem harmônica e estável, que, para isso, cria mecanismos punitivos que regem e determinam a conduta do indivíduo, como por exemplo as idéias de ordem, de justiça retributiva, pregadas nas homilias, e da mística dos dois corpos do rei; de outro, o indivíduo, por exemplo Macbeth, cujo desejo entra em conflito com o Estado e sua necessidade de ordem, a fim de tentar sobrepô-los para satisfazer sua vontade. Como se observa, a oposição dos problemas históricos se revelam não só no plano político, mas Shakespeare também cria artifícios estéticos que ampliam as tensões políticas no plano psicológico. Assim, elementos históricos como o tiranicídio e a monarcomaquia vão figurar como elementos propulsores das tensões psicológicas. Essa dissertação está organizada em três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo, intitulado Tensões Políticas e Históricas em Macbeth e no Drama de Shakespeare, apresenta problemas históricas amplamente discutidos na era elisabetana e jacobina como a tirania, a monarcomaquia, a violação da soberania, as idéias de ordem e a teoria os dois corpos do rei. No segundo capítulo, Consciência no Drama de Shakespeare e na era Elisabetana e Jacobina, pretende-se mostrar como tais problemas históricos desencadeiam tensões psicológicos em algumas peças de Shakespeare, em particular em Macbeth, Richard II, Richard III e Hamlet. No terceiro capítulo, Tensões Psicológicas em Macbeth: a Consciência e a Ambição, apresenta-se uma análise da consciência e da ambição em Macbeth, como uma reação a esses embates entre o estado, seus mecanismos superegóicos e o indivíduo. / This master thesis, entitled Political and Psychological Tensions in Macbeth and in the Shakespearean Drama, aims to analise Shakespeare’s (1564-1616) masterpiece in terms of historical aspects and psychological issues. I propose to analise political, historical and psychological problems in Macbeth and in the Shakespearean Drama, for we can perceive an intrinsic connection between these political and historical tensions, and conscience in Shakespearean work, which is not always explained by some contemporary critics. At this point, there are two opposing elements, which create such conflicts: on the one hand, there is the monarchal State, whose necessity is to keep the harmonious and stable order, which hence forge punitive tools in order to control and determine the individual behaviour, such as the order ideas, retributive justice, and the theory of the King’s two bodies, which were preached in the homilies; on the other hand, there is the individual, for instance Macbeth, whose desire comes into conflict with the monarchal State and its necessity of order, for satisfying his will. That opposition of the historical problems appears not only in the political realm, but Shakespeare creates aesthetic devices as well, which spread out the political tension into the psychological level. Thus, historical issues as tyrannicide and monarchomachy will reappear as propulsioning elements to the psychological tensions. This thesis is organised in three chapters. The first one, entitled Political and Historical Tensions in Macbeth and in the Shakespearean Drama, presents some historical issues widely discussed in the Elizabethan and Jacobean Ages, such as tyrany, monarchomachy, the violation of sovereignty, the order ideas and the theory of the king’s two bodies. In the second chapter, Conscience in the Shakespearean Drama and in the Elizabethan and Jacobean Ages, it is presented how these historical problems unchain psychological tensions in some of the Shakespeare’s plays, especially in Macbeth, Richard II, Richard III and Hamlet. In the third one, Psychological Tensions in Macbeth: Conscience and Ambition, it is provided an analysis of conscience and ambition in Macbeth, as a result of a reaction against these collisions between the monarchal State, its superegoic mecanicisms and the individual.

The censorship of Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District is a familiar story to musicologists, but reception of the opera is not frequently mentioned. Examining the reception of a work can bring a work's relative importance into focus. In this thesis, German literary and reception theorist Hans Robert Jauss's model of the horizon of expectations is applied to reviews of American productions of Lady Macbeth. Curiosity about communism following the Great Depression in 1930s, America and American music critics' knowledge that Soviet composers worked for the Soviet regime led to the belief that Lady Macbeth was officially approved export from the Soviet Union. When the article condemning the opera as a Western formalism appeared in the Soviet magazine, Pravda, Americans needed to adjust their understanding of Lady Macbeth as a socialist expression. Following the work's revival in San Francisco in 1981, the influence of Solomon Volkov's Testimony is prevalent in many reviews. Many reviewers use Volkov's narrative of Shostakovich as covert dissident of the Soviet Union to assert that the censorship of the opera was about the content of the plot and not the music. Following the Soviet rejection of the work, American critics tried to claim Shostakovich for the West based on the values of individual freedom and feminism set forth in Lady Macbeth.

Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is an equilibrium model to test relationship between expected return and market risk (Sharpe, 1964). The model research on pricing and return when the securities market reaches equilibrium and investors are rational and investing by diversification based on Markovitz portfolio theory (Markovitz, 1952). Fama and MacBeth (1973) proposed a cross-sectional testing methodology on CAPM and this regression method has been widely used in testing CAPM in developed markets since then. While CAPM is hard to explain more and more market anomalies (excessive return in smaller market value company) in cross section regression, Fama and French (1992) added two more factors (SMB and HML) and proposed three factor model. The empirical results show that three factor model is superior to CAPM in developed markets. Relevant studies have been conducted by Manjuunatha (2006) and Trimech et al. (2015) but show different results. This dissertation will use Fama-MacBeth cross section approach to test CAPM and Fama-French's three factor model in Chinese and Polish stock market respectively. Following Fama and MacBeth (1972) and Shweta and Anil (2015), three sub periods of Polish and Chinese stock market returns ranging from 2007 to 2018 are examined. The empirical results in this thesis...

The aim of this thesis is to examine an empirical relationship between multifrac- tality of financial time series and its returns. We approach the multifractality of a given time series as a measure of its complexity. Multifractal financial time series exhibit repeating self-similar patterns. Multifractality could be a good predictor of stock returns or a factor which can be used in asset pricing. We expected that capturing the complexity of a given time series by a model, a positive or a negative risk premia for investing into "more multifractal assets" could be found. Daily prices of 31 stock indices and daily returns of 10-years US government bonds were downloaded. All the data were recorded between 2012 and 2021. After estimation the multifractal spectra, applying MF-DFA method, of all stock indices, we ordered all stock indices from the lowest to the most multifractal. Then, we constructed a "multifractal portfolio" holding a long position in the 7 most multifractal and holding a short position in the 7 least multifractal stock indices. Fama-MacBeth regression with market risk premia and multifractal variable as independent variables was applied. Multi- fractality in all examined financial time series was found. We also found a very low negative risk premia for holding "a multifractal...

By examining the critical comment of some of the best known critics, who fall roughly into two groups, the philosophical or psychological on the one hand, and the realistic on the other, I have endeavored to gather the ideas they have advanced in regard to the motives of them main characters from three of Shakespeare's tragedies--Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. It is evident that the discussion of motives has not been the main consideration of any one of them, though the problem has naturally arisen in the analyses of characters and explanations of plot and dramatic art. Consequently it will be my purpose to study these plays from the standpoint of the motivation of the characters, having in mind two objects: the determination of which motives Shakespeare took from the sources of the plays and which ones he himself attributed to the characters, and the determination of which group of critics, the psychological or the realistic, is more nearly correct in their contentions in regard to the motivation of characters in Shakespeare's plays.

Depuis plusieurs années, le contexte de mondialisation et l'accroissement de la concurrence ont défini un nouvel ordre économique et industriel pour les entreprises de production de biens. En effet, ces entreprises sont quotidiennement confrontées à la maîtrise et à l'amélioration des performances de l'ensemble de leurs processus afin de garantir leur pérennité et leur compétitivité. En raison de l'ouverture des marchés et de la concurrence accrue, plusieurs phénomènes concourants ont lieu. Tout d'abord, le phénomène le plus notable concerne l'attente des clients de plus en plus forte, non seulement en ce qui concerne le prix et la qualité, mais également sur l'innovation des produits ainsi que sur leur disponibilité. Dans de telles situations nous proposons de suivre la variabilité du processus par l'intégration de la méthode Six Sigma, afin de détecter toute preuve de changement significatif de la variabilité. L'objectif principal de Six Sigma est d'augmenter la rentabilité de l'entreprise en réduisant le gaspillage, tout en ayant l'intérêt du client à coeur. Elle est aussi une mesure statistique de la performance des processus qui permet de déterminer avec une grande précision la qualité des produits ou services. Six Sigma est le système de management qui se développe le plus vite aujourd'hui dans l'industrie. Centré sur une puissante méthodologie de résolution de problème et d'optimisation des processus. La puissance de Six Sigma vient de l'application d'outils statistiques dans le contexte d'une méthodologie structurée et facile à mettre en oeuvre. Ces outils, utilisés le plus souvent dans un environnement opérationnel de production, s'appliquent égalemen t à tous les processus, y compris administratifs. L'objectif de notre travail de recherche, est de fournir une vision opérationnelle, structurée à travers l'intégration de la méthodologie Six Sigma basée sur les outils multicritères d'aide à la décision afin d'améliorer un système de production, cela se traduit par comprendre et savoir comment optimiser les processus de production dans le but de réduire le nombre de défauts et la variabilité des processus. La méthodologie proposé est appliqué au sein de la société SIDILEC international spécialisée dans la fabrication des faisceaux de câbles électriques pour les constructeurs des voitures avec et sans permis. Le secteur automobile évolue à une vitesse de plus en plus importante. En effet, l'évolution rapide des techniques et des technologies accompagnée d'une explosion de l'informatique, a mis les entreprises face à une concurrence acharnée. Face à cette situation, l'entreprise doit tourner son souci vers la recherche d'une meilleure démarche lui permettant d'atteindre le niveau de compétitivité recherché et de satisfaire les clients. Les travaux se déroulent dans une usine de production spécialisée dans l'étude et la réalisation de faisceaux de câbles électriques pour les secteurs industriels automobiles et ferroviaires. Au terme de ce travail, nous considérons que nos objectifs identifiés dans le support théorique sont bien réalisés et justifiés dans le cadre de ce chapitre pratique. L'intégration de la méthode Six Sigma basée sur les outils multicritères d'aide à la décision pour améliorer un processus de production est parfaitement accomplie et cela se traduit par comprendre et savoir comment améliorer un processus de production dans le but de réduire le nombre de défauts et la variabilité des processus.

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Η επιλογή και η αξιολόγηση προσωπικού είναι ένα σημαντικό πρόβλημα, το οποίο μπορεί να επηρεάσει την αποτελεσματικότητα και την αποδοτικότητα μιας επιχείρησης. Διάφορες ποσοτικές μέθοδοι έχουν προταθεί ως βοήθεια για τη λήψη τέτοιων αποφάσεων. Η παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζει τα πιο σημαντικά και ευρέως γνωστά μοντέλα, που χρησιμοποιούνται στα πεδία επιλογής και αξιολόγησης προσωπικού. Επικεντρώνεται επίσης σε μια ανάλυση του MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique). Το MACBETH είναι μια πολυκριτηριακή προσέγγιση λήψης αποφάσεων, η οποία απαιτεί μόνο ποιοτικές κρίσεις σε σχέση με τις αξίες και βοηθά τους αποφασίζοντες να ποσοτικοποιήσουν τις διαφορές ελκυστικότητας των επιλογών. Τέλος εφαρμόζουμε αυτή την τεχνική χρησιμοποιώντας το λογισμικό M-MACBETH, χρησιμοποιώντας πραγματικά δεδομένα μεγάλης ελληνικής τράπεζας. / The employee evaluation and selection system is an important problem that can significantly affect the future competiveness and the performance of an organization. Various quantitative methods have been proposed as an aid to such decisions. This work presents the most important and common models, that are used in the employee evaluation and selection area. It also focuses on a comprehensive overview of MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique). MACBETH is a multicriteria decision analysis approach, which requires only qualitative judgements about differences of value to help a decision maker quantify the relative attractiveness of options. Finally, an application of this technique takes place using M-MACBETH software, based on real data from a big Greek bank.