The thesis deals with comparison of mother centers' development in Germany and in the Czech Republic. The first part defines mother centers, characterizes their principles and role in the society. In the next part the process of mother centers' establishment is described and problems which may occur. The main part of the thesis contains characterization of mother centers' development in Germany, where these centers were founded, and their development in the Czech Republic. A concrete example illustrates M-CENTER FOR YOUNG FAMILY in České Budějovice. German and Czech mother centers experienced similar progress and differ only in offers of activities. The last part of this work concentrates on the importance of mother centers for mothers, fathers, children and our society. Main benefit for mothers is the possibility to come out of isolation where they end up after their all-day-long care of babies. Mother centers significantly contribute to development of civil society.

This thesis examines the reforms of Sickness Insurance that have been realized in chosen countries of European Union. I've focused myself on Belgium, Netherlands, United Kingdom and Finland and every single reform step that have been taken in between 2003 -- 2005 in these countries. I've investigated how the situation in each country was before the reform came true and explored the main reasons that I believe have led to these reforms. I've also stated which impacts these reforms were supposed to have and after that I've studied the real impacts and consequences that were brought by this change in each country. You can see these in multiple graphs followed by my explanation whether and why I think the reform step was succesful. Judging by the succes that was noted in examinated countries I've decided which path is best to follow as far as the reform in Sickness Insurance is concerned. Thanks to previous examination of reforms that differs from each another I was at the end able to recommned which steps should be taken in Czech Republic since some kind of Sickness Insurance reform is needed as well. I believe comparing foreign Sickness Insurance reforms and my suggestions can help to improve Sickness Insurance system in CR and lead to the solution of various problems Czech Republic hasn't coped with yet.

This thesis deals with possibilities the employees have when they are returning to work from maternity or parental leave. The theoretical part of the thesis analyzes different flexible working arrangements in the czech labour market and current legislation for maternity and parental leave. The practical part is focused on a comparison among selected european countries in flexible working arrangements and formal childcare for children under three years of age and from three years to the minimum compulsory school age. Also discussed is the current situation in two surveyed companies. The main objective is to confirm or disprove the stated hypotheses and create suggestions which have a positive affect on an early return from maternity and parental leave for companies and government.

This thesis aims to estimate the macroeconomic impact of maternity and parental/paternal leave in the Czech Republic and Brazil. In addition, the thesis stresses out the costs of Czech model application to Brazil and vice-versa. The first chapter brings a theoretical framework. It compares the analyzed policies in both countries and introduces the relevant terms. The second chapter estimates the costs of maternity and parental/paternal leave related to public expenditure and GDP for the years 2005-2014 and brings own simulation model for Czech model application to Brazil and vice-versa. The third chapter analyses the inefficiencies and suggest possible mitigation. The results show the costs of 0.71% of GDP and 1.66% of public expenditure in the Czech Republic and 0.50% GDP and 2.27% of public expenditure in Brazil in 2014. The Czech model applied in Brazil would be very costly and the opposite scenario would lead to the decrease of macroeconomic burden in the Czech Republic. The thesis also analyzes the influence of maternal and parental leave in other areas, such as labor market, where the current structure may penalize Czech women in long term. By this analysis, the thesis contributes to the current debate about the impact, the length and costs of maternity and parental leave.

Chapter 1: <div> <div> <div> <p>Maternity leave includes the time that mothers take off from work to care for their baby and heal after childbirth. Despite the growth of mothers in the U.S. workforce, the U.S. lags behind other countries in offering paid maternity leave, resulting in poor quality leave for working mothers. Scholars have continually examined maternity leave as an objective construct and this method of measurement, while important, may be inadequate in capturing mothers’ experiences. Quality maternity leave (QML) is a novel construct that captures mothers’ subjective leave experiences and includes time off, benefits, coworker support, flexibility, and an absence of workplace discrimination and microaggressions. However, little is known regarding individual predictors and outcomes of QML. Therefore, I will discuss prevalent societal-level, work-level, and individual- level predictors of QML and well-being and work-related outcomes of QML. I will also integrate these into a conceptual framework that researchers can use understand what may affect and result from QML. This review has important practical implications for US policymakers and organizations regarding their support of mothers in society and the workplace. Future research should continue to build on this framework to ensure that mothers are provided the QML they need to thrive. </p><p><br></p><p>Chapter 2:</p><p> </p><div> <div> <div> <p>Maternity leave is a critical part of decent work when mothers are able to heal from childbirth, care for their newborn, attend medical appointments, and integrate their identities. However, the United States is one of few countries that does not offer paid maternity leave and instead offers job-protected unpaid time off from work, despite the importance of maternity leave for important maternal work and well-being outcomes. Scholars have typically examined maternity leave with objective indicators (e.g., days off from work) instead of investigating mothers’ subjective experiences of the quality of their maternity leave (QML), contributing to a lack of understanding regarding what leads to and results from QML attainment. Therefore, in the present study, I drew upon a framework that I created through a thorough review of the literature to examine privilege and access to power and resources, workplace culture and support, and work characteristics as predictors of QML. Additionally, this study primarily explored work-related outcomes including organizational commitment, turnover intentions, and job satisfaction. I hypothesized that the former variables would indirectly predict the latter variables through QML. The findings of this study inform inclusive, equitable, and adequate organizational and U.S. maternity leave policies. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

This diploma thesis analyses the questions that were put in to the Gender Studies, o. p. s. online law centre between the years 2006 and 2014. This online law centre is primarily dedicated to answer questions on the topic of discrimination in the labour market, especially on issues relating to maternity or paternity leave as well as reconciliation of personal and working life. The theoretical part is devoted to putting this issue into the appropriate social and legal context. The main aim of this thesis is to answer the research question on what are the topics of the questions asked in this online law centre within the above mentioned time period, and also to determine whether men and women are interested in diverse topics. The chosen research method is quantitative content analysis. The outputs of this analysis are rather descriptive due to the high number of analysed queries. Keywords: discrimination, maternity leave, paternity leave, paternal allowance, reconciliation of personal and working life.

This work provides an ethnography of maternity leave in the Czech Republic, analyzing the experiences, attitudes and reflections on motherhood among 14 Czech mothers living in Prague. Maternity leave in the Czech Republic distinguishes itself from that in many other western countries by virtue of its long-term nature - typically 3 to 4 years per child. Ultimately, this model for long-term home care, institutionally structured and culturally naturalized, has an essential impact on the position of woman in the family and in the society at large. Today, Czech mothers find themselves the default caretakers in the home but lacking the extended family support and networks accessed in the past, particularly acute in the context of culturally negative attitudes toward hired help and nurseries in the Czech Republic. Czech mothers also find themselves pinned between two ideologies - one stressing the importance of maternal care for the well-being of the child and another establishing the low status of staying home to raise a child in the context of the need for self-realization in a career. This ethnography teases out the sometimes reinforcing but often conflicting notions of what it is to be a mother through analyzing the biographical narratives of three identified groups of Czech women: mothers who have...

The parent center is currently the phenomenon, which is compared with the "State" schools or more today to discuss "the children's group" devoted less attention. And, in particular, in the section that deals with the care of children without parents. Although the parent centers help solve one of the social and political problems, the Czech Republic- the lack of places in nursery schools, in crèches, they lack support. Legislative support, support the child care area in MC without the participation of the parents. In the Czech Republic currently operates a total of 427 MC and in the Liberec region, on which I focused in the empirical part, has 21 maternity center. Of these 21 parent service center to care for children without parental involvement provides a total of 14 maternity center. And the MC feels the need to legislative support, which would be welcomed by, clearer rules for the operation of the parent center, especially in the environment of a child without the participation of the parents. This support is important in all activities that MC. Maternity Center is not just about "meeting", but also on the promotion of intergenerational cohabitation, create facilities for families with children, and last but not least, active participation to facilitate the return of women and men back into the...

The diploma thesis focuses on the role of the media in the lives of parents on maternity and parental leave and how they satisfy their needs through use of media. The thesis is based on the uses and gratification theory and especially on the typology of media-personal interactions defined by Denis McQuail. The aim of the thesis is to find out, through twenty interviews with mothers and fathers living in the household with a child or children, for what purpose the media are used by this specific group. The thesis includes a theoretical anchoring of the approach of uses and gratification theory concerning its historical development during the 20th century, but it also focuses on its concept at present after the spread of new media. The theoretical part of the thesis also deals with the characteristics of maternity and parental leave and it tries to identify everyday activities associated with this period and its positive and negative aspects. The methodological part describes the area of qualitative research and related procedures, including the choice of data collection method, which is a semi-structured interview, and the characteristics of the research sample. The analytical part interprets the findings resulting from the data obtained through interviews with respondents. The discussion and conclusion of...

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