Submitted by Michele Mologni (mologni@unoeste.br) on 2018-05-11T18:40:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rita de Cássia Lima Mazzuchelli.pdf: 967240 bytes, checksum: b50abc610a188a8f6408500562f11123 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-11T18:40:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rita de Cássia Lima Mazzuchelli.pdf: 967240 bytes, checksum: b50abc610a188a8f6408500562f11123 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-16 / The objective of this study was to evaluate drying times of the previous pasture to soybean cultivation, associated with physical intervention (scarification), through impacts on soil microbial activity in soil and grain yield in the livestock farming system integration. The experiment was conducted in soil classified as Acrisol dystrophic. The experimental area was occupied by the species Urochloa brizantha (cv Marandu) with five years of implementation. The experimental design was a split tracks, onstituting a double factorial 5x2. The plots consisted of five periods of desiccation of grassland (150 DBS - days before soybean sowing; 120 DBS, 60 DBS, 30 DBS and 15 DBS) and the subplots, with and without soil scarification. Were grown two production cycles of soybean and maize, soil samples being collected at the beginning of each production cycle for biological, chemical and physical analysis of fertility. plants were collected for nodulation analysis. At the end of each production cycle crops were evaluated for productivity parameters. The longer periods of early pasture desiccation provided gains in microbial activity in the soil, the first year of cultivation of soybeans and corn. There were also improvements in soil fertility indicators. In the second year of cultivation of soybeans and corn gains in quality indicators were lower compared to the first year of cultivation. Early pasture desiccation in 150 days before the soybean crop yielded considerable nodulation and soybean yield gains. The yield of corn after the first crop of soybeans, was significantly influenced by longer periods of anticipation desiccation performed before soybean cultivation. / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar épocas de dessecação da pastagem anteriores ao cultivo da soja, associado com intervenção física (escarificação), através de impactos na atividade microbiana no solo e rendimento de grãos dentro do sistema de integração lavoura pecuária. O experimento foi desenvolvido em solo classificado como Argissolo Vermelho distroférrico. A área experimental estava ocupada com a espécie Urochloa brizantha (cv Marandu) com cinco anos de implantação. O delineamento experimental foi em faixas subdivididas, constituindo um fatorial duplo, 5x2. As parcelas foram constituídas por cinco épocas de dessecação da pastagem (150 DAS - dias antes da semeadura da soja; 120 DAS; 60 DAS; 30 DAS e 15 DAS) e as subparcelas, com e sem escarificação do solo. Foram cultivados dois ciclos produtivos de soja e milho, sendo coletadas amostras de solo ao início de cada ciclo produtivo para análises biológicas, químicas de fertilidade e físicas. Foram coletadas plantas para análise de nodulação. Ao final de cada ciclo produtivo as culturas foram avaliadas para os parâmetros de produtividade. Os maiores períodos de dessecação antecipada da pastagem proporcionaram ganhos na atividade microbiana no solo, no primeiro ano de cultivo da soja e milho. Ocorreram também melhorias em indicadores de fertilidade do solo. No segundo ano de cultivo da soja e milho os ganhos nos indicadores de qualidade foram menores, comparando-se ao primeiro ano de cultivo. A dessecação antecipada da pastagem em 150 dias antes do cultivo da soja proporcionou ganhos consideráveis de nodulação e rendimento da soja. O rendimento do milho, após o primeiro cultivo da soja, foi influenciado significativamente pelos maiores períodos de antecipação da dessecação efetuada antes do cultivo da soja.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Untersuchungen zur mikrobiellen Aktivität von Pseudomonas putida DSM12735 durchgeführt. Als Messgröße diente die mikrobielle Wärmeleistung, basierend auf dem Stoffumsatz durch die Mikroorganismen. Ziel war es, die Vor- und Nachteile der verwendeten Kalorimeter herauszuarbeiten. Dafür wurden klassische Batch-Wachstumskurven aufgenommen. Ein weiteres Ziel bestand darin, eine Methode zur schnellen kalorimetrischen Detektion der mikrobiellen Aktivität insbesondere für die stationäre Phase zu entwickeln. In dieser Phase findet kein signifikanter Stoffumsatz statt. Durch das gezielte Auslösen einer zweiten Wachstumsphase und damit einem Stoffumsatz wird die mikrobielle Aktivität kalorimetrisch wieder messbar. Eingesetzt wurden folgende Kalorimeter: der Thermal Activity Monitor 2277 (TAM) mit den Kalorimetern Micro Reaction System 2250-4 ml und 2250-20 ml (kurz: TAM-4ml, TAM-20ml), das IC-Chip-Kalorimeter FCC22 (Institut für Physikalische Chemie, TU Freiberg) und das Kalorimeter Micro-DSC II (MDSC).

En ville, les parcs de stationnement couverts représentent un milieu confiné dans lequel s'accumule une pollution importante et complexe. Ils constituent également une source de pollution pour leurs abords puisqu'aucune obligation de traitement n'est imposée sur la qualité de l'air rejeté dans l'atmosphère par les systèmes de ventilation. Dans le cadre du traitement de l'air, l'utilisation d'un biofiltre végétalisé, faisant intervenir des bactéries et des plantes en association, constitue une solution innovante contribuant à l'amélioration de la qualité de l'air en ville en réduisant la dispersion de polluants gazeux dans l'atmosphère. Dans un contexte de « recherche et développement », l'objectif est de comprendre le fonctionnement biologique et physico-chimique du biofiltre dans le but d'en améliorer la maitrise opérationnelle. Le caractère innovant de l'étude porte sur le traitement d'importants volumes d'air viciés contenant de faibles concentrations de polluants, tels que les NOx et les COV (de l'ordre de 100 à 200 µg/m3), par un biofiltre planté d'épaisseur modeste. L'utilisation d'une unité pilote de biofiltration a permis d'évaluer l'influence de la présence de plante, ainsi que la nécessité d'un apport d'engrais, sur les capacités d'épuration d'un tel système. Afin d'optimiser les volumes d'air traités tout en limitant l'empreinte au sol des biofiltres végétalisés, la vitesse de passage de l'air a été augmentée et l'épaisseur de garnissage réduite. Le rôle des bactéries indigènes a été caractérisé par une étude fonctionnelle des communautés bactériennes impliquées dans la dégradation des NOx et des TEX d'une part, et par une étude quantitative et qualitative de la communauté bactérienne totale, en utilisant des approches de biologie moléculaire, telles que l'amplification par PCR en temps réel et le pyroséquençage à partir de l'ADN métagénomique / In town, underground car parks are confined spaces in witch large and complex pollution are accumulated. They are also a source of contamination of the external environment since the treatment of the air pumped out by ventilation system sis not regulated. In the framework of air treatment, using planted biofilter, combining bacteria and plants, is an innovative solution contributing to the improvement of urban air quality by reducing the dispersion of gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere. In a « research and development » context, the objective is to understand the biological and physico-chemical operation for improving operational control. This innovative study focuses on the treatment of high volumes of air containing a low concentrations of pollutants, such as NOx, VOCs (about 100 à 200 µg.m-3) through a thin planted biofilter. The use of a pilot-scale unit of biofiltration allowed to evaluate the influence of the plant, as well as the necessity of a fertilization, on the removal efficiency of such a system. In order to maximize the volumes of treated air while limiting the footprint of the planted biofilters, the superficial gas velocity has been increased and the thickness of the packing material decreased. The indigenous bacteria have been characterized by a functional study of the bacterial communities involved in the degradation of NOx and TEX on one part, and by a quantitative and qualitative study of the total bacterial community on the other part, by using molecular biology approaches, such a real-time PCR amplification, and pyrosequencing from metagenomic DNA. Results on pilot-scale unit have shown a removal efficiency greater than 97%, in all environmental conditions tested. Consequently, it seems possible to treat high volumes of air containing low concentrations of TEX through a thin planted biofilter. The presence of plants does not seem to have short-term impacts on the removal efficiency when a fertilizer promotes the nitrogen availability in the packing material. The evaluation of the global microbiological functioning showed the potential of microbial communities in the biodegradation of NOx and TEX in planted biofilters. The indigenous bacterial communities of the packing material and the mound of soil are rapidly able to adapt to the functioning conditions of such a system

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden verschiedene zweiphasige Vergärungssysteme hinsichtlich der mikrobiellen Biomasse und Abbauaktivität charakterisiert, mit dem Ziel, eine mikrobiologische Prozessüberwachung zu ermöglichen. Bei der analytischen Begleitung des Biogasprozesses stellte sich heraus, dass viele Biomasse- und Aktivitätsparameter anlagen- bzw. substratspezifische Werte aufweisen und Prozessstörungen bzw. Verfahrensmodifikationen über diese mikrobiologischen Kenngrößen detektiert und verifiziert werden können. Im Normalbetrieb der Vergärung von Maissilage konnte in der Hydrolysestufe eine starke Vermehrung der mikrobiellen Gesamtzellzahl sowie eine Zunahme des Archaea:Bacteria-Verhältnisses verzeichnet werden. Die Aktivitätsprofile von Hydrolasen (unspezifische Esterase, Polysaccharasen und Proteasen) erlaubten eine Visualisierung des Hydrolysefortschritts. Hierbei erwiesen sich die Esterase-, Cellulase- und Xylanaseaktivität als besonders aussagekräftig. Ähnlich ermöglichte dies die Analyse der Atmungsaktivität, die die mikrobielle Abbauaktivität des Eingangs- bzw. das Restgaspotential des Ausgangsmaterials der Hydrolysestufe wiedergibt. Die phylogenetischen Analysen der ersten Prozessstufe zeigten eine klare Dominanz von cellulolytischen Bakterien der Gattung Clostridium (Ø 35%). Der Anteil der hydrogenotrophen Methanogenen lag in den untersuchten Systemen etwa 50% über dem der Acetoklastischen, was darauf schließen lässt, dass der hydrogenotrophe Methanbildungsweg favorisiert wird. Es wurde aber auch eine erhöhte Abundanz der nicht-methanogenen Crenarchaeota festgestellt, deren Rolle im Biogasprozess noch ungeklärt ist. Im Zuge dieser Arbeit wurde weiterhin die Vergärbarkeit von HCH-belasteter Grassilage bzw. ein potentieller mikrobieller β-HCH-Abbau untersucht. Hier konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Aktivität der Mikroorganismen durch die Schadstoffbelastung des Substrates nicht inhibiert war. Darüber hinaus konnte ein Abbau des β-HCH nach der Hydrolyse der Grassilage nachgewiesen werden. Durch das Auftreten von Prozessstörungen bzw. Verfahrensmodifikationen konnten die Auswirkungen auf die untersuchten mikrobiologischen Kenngrößen näher untersucht und u. a. auch statistisch abgesichert verifiziert werden. Korrelationsanalysen verdeutlichten die mikrobiellen bzw. biochemischen Zusammenhänge im System. Besonders interessant sind dabei die signifikanten Korrelationen zwischen der Gesamtzellzahl, der Esteraseaktivität und dem Chemischen Sauerstoffbedarf, die für jede Verfahrensstufe nachgewiesen werden konnten. Diese Analysen zeigten erstmalig, dass die unspezifische Esteraseaktivität als allgemeiner mikrobieller Aktivitätsparameter in verschiedenen Prozessstufen von Biogasanlagen als Indikator zur Prozesseffizienz und -stabilität einsetzbar ist. Daher wurde die Methodik als Schnelltest weiterentwickelt, der auch vor Ort Anwendung finden kann. Dies ermöglicht eine direkte Analyse des Biogassubstrates, der Effizienz der Substratumsetzung sowie die Detektion von Störungen und eine entsprechende Steuerung und Regelung des Prozesses.

A Araucaria angustifolia, conhecida como Pinheiro-do-Paraná é uma espécie ameaçada de extinção no Brasil, está inserida num bioma rico em biodiversidade, a Mata Atlântica, e muito pouco se conhece sobre os atributos microbiológicos dessas florestas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar potenciais atributos microbiológicos do solo e algumas variáveis ambientais (atributos químicos, físicos e efeito sazonal), a fim de estabelecer bioindicadores de qualidade do solo em Florestas de Araucária. Os estudos foram conduzidos em dois parques estaduais localizados em diferentes regiões do Estado de São Paulo, no município de Campos do Jordão (Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão - PECJ), nos municípios de Apiaí e Iporanga (Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira - PETAR) e também no município de Barra do Chapéu. Foram escolhidas três áreas no PETAR: FN floresta nativa de araucária, ND floresta de araucária com distúrbio antropogênico e PL plantio de araucária; e quatro áreas foram selecionadas no PECJ: FN floresta nativa de araucária, ND floresta de araucária com distúrbio antropogênico, PL plantio de araucária e PF plantio de araucária com ocorrência de fogo acidental. Ao acaso, foram selecionadas quinze árvores de araucária por área e sob a copa de cada uma delas foram retiradas amostras na profundidade de 0 a 20 cm, nas épocas seca e de chuva. Foram avaliados os atributos microbiológicos: arilsulfatase (ARIL), fosfatase ácida (FOSF), -glicosidase (GLIC), desidrogenase (DESID), nitrogênio (NBM) e carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), Número Mais Provável (NMP) de amonificantes (AMO), nitritadores (NITRI), nitratadores (NITRA) e desnitrificantes (DESN), respiração basal (RESP), respiração induzida por substrato (RIS), quociente metabólico (qCO2) e microbiano (qMIC). Além disso, foram estabelecidos perfis de ácidos graxos ligados a ésteres de fosfolipídios (EL-PLFAs) e o perfil de capacidade de utilização de substratos de carbono (Biolog). Alguns parâmetros químicos foram avaliados (pH, H++Al3+, Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, P, S, N, carbono orgânico total e a capacidade de troca catiônica) e físicos (teores de argila, silte e areia). Verificou-se que o PL do PETAR e PF do PECJ foram relacionados aos atributos microbiológicos ARIL, DESN, CBM e qMIC nos dois períodos. A partição da variabilidade revelou que a atividade microbiana foi influenciada mais pelas variáveis físico-quimicas do solo do que pelas áreas e épocas de coleta. Foram identificados perfis de ácidos graxos semelhantes aos aqui obtidos, PETAR e PECJ, em um trabalho anterior no PECJ, o que pode ser indicação de um padrão de EL-PLFA próprio do ecossistema de araucária. Os ácidos graxos 10Me18:0 (actinobactéria), a relação ácido graxo saturado/insaturado (sat/insat), o consumo dos substratos -metil-D-glicosídeo e o ácido 2-hidroxibenzóico foram também relacionados às áreas PL (PETAR) e PF (PECJ) nos períodos avaliados. Já os ácidos graxos 18:19c (fungo) e 16:17c (bactéria Gram-), o consumo dos substratos glicose-1-fosfato, -D-lactose e ácido -hidroxibutírico estavam relacionados às áreas impactadas dos dois parques durante os períodos de seca e chuva. Portanto, esses atributos microbiológicos são potenciais indicadores de qualidade do solo em Florestas de Araucária, no entanto, novas avaliações são necessárias para as devidas validações dos bioindicadores e monitoramento dessas áreas. / Araucaria angustifolia, also called Brazil Pine, is an endangered species in Brazil. It is part of one of the richest ecosystems in biodiversity, the Atlantic Forest, and little is known about the soil microbiological attributes in this forest. The objective was to evaluate the potential of the soil microbiological attributes and some environmental variables (physical-chemical properties and seasonal effect) to act as bioindicators of soil quality in Araucaria Forests. This study was undertaken in two different state parks in the São Paulo State, in Campos do Jordão county (Campos do Jordão State Park - PECJ), and in Apiaí and Iporanga counties (Alto Ribeira Touristic State Park - PETAR) and also in Barra do Chapéu county. Three areas were surveyed in PETAR: FN Native Araucaria forest, ND Native Araucaria forest with anthropogenic disturbance, and PL Reforested Araucaria; and four areas in PECJ: FN Native Araucaria forest, ND Native Araucaria forest with anthropogenic disturbance; PL Reforested Araucaria, and PF Araucaria reforestation submitted to an accidental fire. Fifteen Araucaria trees were selected at random in each area and the soil and roots were sampled at 0 20 cm depth, in two contrasting seasons (dry and wet). The microbiological attributes evaluated were: arylsulfatase (ARIL), acid phosphatase (FOSF), -glucosidase (GLIC), dehydrogenase (DESID), carbon (CBM) and nitrogen microbial biomass (NBM), most probable number (NMP) of bacterial ammonium oxidizers (AMO), nitrite oxidizers (NITRI), nitrate oxidizers (NITRA) and denitrifiers (DESN), basal microbial respiration (RESP), substrate induced respiration (RIS), and metabolic (qCO2) and microbial quotient (qMIC). Additionally we determined the phospholipid fatty acid profiles (ELPLFA) and the community level physiological profile (Biolog). Some chemical attributes were evaluated (pH, H++Al3+, Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, P, S, CEC, C/N ratio, total organic carbon (COT), total nitrogen (NT), as well as some physical ones (soil texture: clay, sand and silt contents). There was a high correlation between the PL of PETAR and the PF of PECJ and the microbiological attributes ARIL, DESN, CBM and qMIC in both periods. The partitioning of the variability evidenced that microbial activity was influenced in a higher degree by the physical-chemical properties of soil than by study areas or periods. We identified similar fatty acid profiles in PETAR and PECJ and they were also similar to the ones found in a previous work in PECJ, what could indicate a specific EL-PLFA pattern in the Araucaria ecosystem. The fatty acids 10Me18:0 (actinobacteria), the saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio (sat/insat), the substrate utilization of -methyl-D-glucoside and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid were also related to PL (PETAR) and PF (PECJ), in both periods. The 18:19c fatty acid (fungi) and 16:17c (Gram-), the glucose-1-phosphate, -D-lactose and -hydroxybutyric acid were C-source for microbial communities of the impacted areas in both parks during the wet and dry periods. Therefore, these attributes are potential microbial indicators of soil quality in Araucaria forests, however, new evaluations are required to confirm these biomarkers and to monitor these areas.

A Araucaria angustifolia, conhecida como Pinheiro-do-Paraná é uma espécie ameaçada de extinção no Brasil, está inserida num bioma rico em biodiversidade, a Mata Atlântica, e muito pouco se conhece sobre os atributos microbiológicos dessas florestas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar potenciais atributos microbiológicos do solo e algumas variáveis ambientais (atributos químicos, físicos e efeito sazonal), a fim de estabelecer bioindicadores de qualidade do solo em Florestas de Araucária. Os estudos foram conduzidos em dois parques estaduais localizados em diferentes regiões do Estado de São Paulo, no município de Campos do Jordão (Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão - PECJ), nos municípios de Apiaí e Iporanga (Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira - PETAR) e também no município de Barra do Chapéu. Foram escolhidas três áreas no PETAR: FN floresta nativa de araucária, ND floresta de araucária com distúrbio antropogênico e PL plantio de araucária; e quatro áreas foram selecionadas no PECJ: FN floresta nativa de araucária, ND floresta de araucária com distúrbio antropogênico, PL plantio de araucária e PF plantio de araucária com ocorrência de fogo acidental. Ao acaso, foram selecionadas quinze árvores de araucária por área e sob a copa de cada uma delas foram retiradas amostras na profundidade de 0 a 20 cm, nas épocas seca e de chuva. Foram avaliados os atributos microbiológicos: arilsulfatase (ARIL), fosfatase ácida (FOSF), -glicosidase (GLIC), desidrogenase (DESID), nitrogênio (NBM) e carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), Número Mais Provável (NMP) de amonificantes (AMO), nitritadores (NITRI), nitratadores (NITRA) e desnitrificantes (DESN), respiração basal (RESP), respiração induzida por substrato (RIS), quociente metabólico (qCO2) e microbiano (qMIC). Além disso, foram estabelecidos perfis de ácidos graxos ligados a ésteres de fosfolipídios (EL-PLFAs) e o perfil de capacidade de utilização de substratos de carbono (Biolog). Alguns parâmetros químicos foram avaliados (pH, H++Al3+, Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, P, S, N, carbono orgânico total e a capacidade de troca catiônica) e físicos (teores de argila, silte e areia). Verificou-se que o PL do PETAR e PF do PECJ foram relacionados aos atributos microbiológicos ARIL, DESN, CBM e qMIC nos dois períodos. A partição da variabilidade revelou que a atividade microbiana foi influenciada mais pelas variáveis físico-quimicas do solo do que pelas áreas e épocas de coleta. Foram identificados perfis de ácidos graxos semelhantes aos aqui obtidos, PETAR e PECJ, em um trabalho anterior no PECJ, o que pode ser indicação de um padrão de EL-PLFA próprio do ecossistema de araucária. Os ácidos graxos 10Me18:0 (actinobactéria), a relação ácido graxo saturado/insaturado (sat/insat), o consumo dos substratos -metil-D-glicosídeo e o ácido 2-hidroxibenzóico foram também relacionados às áreas PL (PETAR) e PF (PECJ) nos períodos avaliados. Já os ácidos graxos 18:19c (fungo) e 16:17c (bactéria Gram-), o consumo dos substratos glicose-1-fosfato, -D-lactose e ácido -hidroxibutírico estavam relacionados às áreas impactadas dos dois parques durante os períodos de seca e chuva. Portanto, esses atributos microbiológicos são potenciais indicadores de qualidade do solo em Florestas de Araucária, no entanto, novas avaliações são necessárias para as devidas validações dos bioindicadores e monitoramento dessas áreas. / Araucaria angustifolia, also called Brazil Pine, is an endangered species in Brazil. It is part of one of the richest ecosystems in biodiversity, the Atlantic Forest, and little is known about the soil microbiological attributes in this forest. The objective was to evaluate the potential of the soil microbiological attributes and some environmental variables (physical-chemical properties and seasonal effect) to act as bioindicators of soil quality in Araucaria Forests. This study was undertaken in two different state parks in the São Paulo State, in Campos do Jordão county (Campos do Jordão State Park - PECJ), and in Apiaí and Iporanga counties (Alto Ribeira Touristic State Park - PETAR) and also in Barra do Chapéu county. Three areas were surveyed in PETAR: FN Native Araucaria forest, ND Native Araucaria forest with anthropogenic disturbance, and PL Reforested Araucaria; and four areas in PECJ: FN Native Araucaria forest, ND Native Araucaria forest with anthropogenic disturbance; PL Reforested Araucaria, and PF Araucaria reforestation submitted to an accidental fire. Fifteen Araucaria trees were selected at random in each area and the soil and roots were sampled at 0 20 cm depth, in two contrasting seasons (dry and wet). The microbiological attributes evaluated were: arylsulfatase (ARIL), acid phosphatase (FOSF), -glucosidase (GLIC), dehydrogenase (DESID), carbon (CBM) and nitrogen microbial biomass (NBM), most probable number (NMP) of bacterial ammonium oxidizers (AMO), nitrite oxidizers (NITRI), nitrate oxidizers (NITRA) and denitrifiers (DESN), basal microbial respiration (RESP), substrate induced respiration (RIS), and metabolic (qCO2) and microbial quotient (qMIC). Additionally we determined the phospholipid fatty acid profiles (ELPLFA) and the community level physiological profile (Biolog). Some chemical attributes were evaluated (pH, H++Al3+, Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, P, S, CEC, C/N ratio, total organic carbon (COT), total nitrogen (NT), as well as some physical ones (soil texture: clay, sand and silt contents). There was a high correlation between the PL of PETAR and the PF of PECJ and the microbiological attributes ARIL, DESN, CBM and qMIC in both periods. The partitioning of the variability evidenced that microbial activity was influenced in a higher degree by the physical-chemical properties of soil than by study areas or periods. We identified similar fatty acid profiles in PETAR and PECJ and they were also similar to the ones found in a previous work in PECJ, what could indicate a specific EL-PLFA pattern in the Araucaria ecosystem. The fatty acids 10Me18:0 (actinobacteria), the saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio (sat/insat), the substrate utilization of -methyl-D-glucoside and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid were also related to PL (PETAR) and PF (PECJ), in both periods. The 18:19c fatty acid (fungi) and 16:17c (Gram-), the glucose-1-phosphate, -D-lactose and -hydroxybutyric acid were C-source for microbial communities of the impacted areas in both parks during the wet and dry periods. Therefore, these attributes are potential microbial indicators of soil quality in Araucaria forests, however, new evaluations are required to confirm these biomarkers and to monitor these areas.

The Mildred Lake Settling Basin (MLSB) is the largest disposal site for mature fine tailings (MFT) at the Syncrude Canada Ltd oil sands plant. Since 1996, MFT densification in the MLSB has significantly accelerated due to microbial activity. Methane-producing microorganisms, known as methanogens, have become very active. A field and laboratory research program has been performed to study the mechanisms leading to the rapid densification. This research program consisted of historical monitoring data analyses, field investigations, small-scale column tests, and gas MFT densification tests. The field investigations have shown that the rapid densification of the MFT has occurred in the southern part of the pond ranging from 8 m to 15 m below the water surface. A connection existed between the rapid densification zone and the zone with intense microbial activity at the pond. The small-scale column tests demonstrated that, with increases of biogas generation, water drainage from the MFT was enhanced. Gas MFT densification tests showed that, stress histories and total pressure affected MFT densification property during microbial activity. Under high total pressure (6-7 m below pond surface) gas bubbles had difficulty to release. For MFT without pre-consolidation or under a preloading, during rapid gas generation, water was rapidly drained out. For over-consolidated MFT, water flowed back into MFT quickly during intense biogas generation. The concept of operative stress, the difference between the total stress and pore water pressure for the soil with large gas bubbles, was introduced to analyze the densification behavior of gassy MFT. Under high total pressure and under a preloading (1 kPa), excess pore pressure increased and operative stress decreased during rapid gas generation while water drainage from the MFT was accelerated. Total pressure and stress history also affected the structure and permeability of the MFT during microbial activity. Under low total pressure (1 m below pond surface) and without pre-consolidation, the MFT permeability increased after intense microbial activity. / Geotechnical Engineering

No description available.

No description available.

Diversity of the soil microbial community and its functional aspects were investigated in man-influenced environments, such as colliery spoil heaps in post mining sites and upland pasture used for outdoor cattle husbandry. The study was based on the cultivation of bacteria and streptomycetes as well as culture-independent approaches. Cultivated bacteria and streptomycetes were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic means. The culture-independent approaches were based on an analysis of environmental DNA in terms of both qualitative and quantitative parameters.