Musical analysis has traditionally been located within the context of musicology. It is therefore an activity usually considered the purview of music scholars rather than practical musicians. The musical analyses produced by music scholars therefore provide us with intellectual understandings of musical works, rather than insights into the experience of listening to or playing music. In this thesis, I will propose that those agents involved in practical music-making can produce insights into musical works that are as valid as the work of traditional music scholarship. I will attempt to re-conceptualize the position of the ‘knower’ or ‘experiencer’ - the performer - of music as one with primary access to knowledge of a musical work, and therefore ideally suited to offer analyses of these works. The establishment of the performer as a bearer of central analytical knowledge functions in direct opposition to the traditional distinction between ‘theory’ and ‘practice’. My thesis will trace the Platonic origins of the philosophical separation of practice and research, and as an alternative to the traditional separation of practice and research, I shall explore the concept of Practice-Based Research (PBR). My exploration of PBR will be informed by phenomenological approaches to music scholarship. As a field of enquiry which concerns itself with experience, the phenomenology of music suggests that the mind and body of the practitioner are important sources of musical insight. To address this issue, Bourdieu’s notion of habitus will be explored. The habitus will be shown to contain a vast network of socio-cultural codes informing the practitioner’s relationship with the musical work. A central aim of this thesis is to explore the possibilities of using practice-based research as the foundation for the study and analysis of a composition, in order to allow for a deeper understanding of the work by means of the generation and harnessing of practical knowledge. Thus, the theoretical outline of PBR provided in this thesis will be applied to a piece of practical performance-based analysis. As such, an analysis of Mahler’s Quartetsatz will be used as the basis on which to draw knowledge in this project.

Bien qu’ayant adopté des textes au plan national et ratifié plusieurs Conventions internationales relatives à la protection des enfants, le Bénin continue d’enregistrer diverses formes de maltraitance à l’égard des enfants. De même, le Bénin souffre d’un dysfonctionnement réel et d’une carence des systèmes judiciaire et pénitentiaire à l’égard de la protection des mineurs en conflit avec la loi. Par ailleurs, on se demande aujourd’hui quelles réponses pénales apporter à ces enfants en situation difficile si les nombreuses mesures appliquées ont montré leur limite parce que se résumant pour la plupart soit à des mesures de garde ou de rééducation, soit une condamnation pénale. Cette situation globale et souvent latente qui constitue l’une des aberrations des temps modernes ne peut laisser quiconque indifférent bien qu’il soit délicat de connaître l’étendue de ses manifestations. D’où l’évidence de ‘repenser la politique criminelle du mineur au Bénin’.Mais, malheureusement la politique criminelle de l’enfant loin de se contextualiser reflète encore certaines dispositions du passé qui inévitablement portent atteinte au traitement éhonté réservé aux enfants béninois. C’est pourquoi face à une politique criminelle des mineurs à état des lieux alarmant, il est nécessaire d’inventer une nouvelle politique criminelle. / Although having adopted texts with the national plan and having ratified several International conventions relating to the protection of the children, Benin continues to record various forms of ill-treatment with regard to the children. In the same way, Benin suffers from a real dysfunction and a deficiency of the systems legal and penitentiary with regard to theprotection of the minors in conflict with the law. In addition, one asks for today which penal answers give to these children in difficult situation if many measurements applied showed heir limit because summarizing itself for the majority either with measurements of guard or rehabilitation, or a penal judgment. This total and often latent situation which constitutes oneof the aberrations of modern times cannot leave whoever indifferent although it is delicate to know the extent of its demonstrations. From where obviousness “to reconsider the criminal policy of the minor in Benin”. But, unfortunately the criminal policy of the child far from contextualizing itself reflects still certain provisions of the past which inevitably undermine the booked shameless treatment to the Beninese children. This is why vis-a-vis a criminal policy of the minors in alarminginventory of fixtures, it is necessary to invent a new criminal policy.

The aim of this master thesis is to specify the legal status of minor shareholders in the law of the Slovak Republic, which has provided to minor shareholders by governemnt to give them a chance to enforce their interests and to apply their right to participation in the management of the company. Part of the work is a preview of a corporation as such, as a shareholder, its rights and responsibilities and a description of situations when rights of minority shareholders can be breached.

Felix Mendelssohn's Symphony No. 1 in C Minor, Opus 11, is important primarily as a transitional work. It is the first work in which Mendelssohn deploys large orchestral forces in the traditional form of the symphony; thus, it provided Mendelssohn with the means of making the important transition from the relatively small, chamber-music ensemble in which he had previously worked (as represented by the "string symphonies") to large-scale symphonic works. Its historical or biographical importance definitely outweighs its importance as a musical work in its own right; this can be seen by the fact that it is much less performed today than other symphonies by Mendelssohn. In these later symphonies the composer displays his talents in a more fully developed form. Nonetheless, Symphony No. 1 has many excellent qualities. It has several memorable melodies and shows the working of a vigorous, youthful, though somewhat derivative musical intelligence. It has several brilliant and memorable moments, although considered as a whole it must still be regarded as a work that promises a greater talent than it displays.

Mean motion resonances (MMRs) play an important role in the formation and evolution of planetary systems and have significantly influenced the orbital properties and distribution of planets and minor planets in the solar system and in. exoplanetary systems. Most previous theoretical analyses have focused on the low- to moderate-eccentricity regime, but with new discoveries of high-eccentricity resonant minor planets and even exoplanets, there is increasing motivation to examine MMRs in the high-eccentricity regime. Here we report on a study of the high-eccentricity regime of MMRs in the circular planar restricted three-body problem. Numerical analyses of the 2: 1 and the 3: 2 interior resonances are carried out for a wide range of planet-to-star mass ratio mu, and for a wide range of eccentricity of the test particle. The surface-of-section technique is used to study the phase space structure near resonances. We find that new stable libration zones appear at higher eccentricity at libration centers that are. shifted from those at low eccentricities. We provide physically intuitive explanations for these transitions in phase space, and we present novel results on the mass and eccentricity dependence of the resonance widths. Our results show that MMRs have sizable libration zones at high eccentricities, comparable to those at lower eccentricities.

This thesis will discuss the results of a two-year 90 game study to consider the role violence and aggression plays in competitive minor hockey and its role as a mechanism for injury. The second objective of this thesis was to determine the contextual factors that lead to injury on the ice. Using a mixed methods approach, the study followed three minor hockey teams from the Ottawa-Gatineau region over two sporting seasons. The study found that players are not being injured due to aggressive or violent play but rather players are being hurt within the rules of the game. The contextual factors that were shown to lead to injury included: (1) body-checking, (2) time of the game, (3) player’s body mass, (4) position played and (5) legal plays. Injuries were also broken down by anatomical site (head/neck, upper body and lower body); the upper body was affected by injury most.

Bach's Concerto for Keyboard, Flute, and Violin with Orchestra in A minor, BWV 1044, is a very interesting and unprecedented case of Bach reworking pre-existing keyboard works into three concerto movements. There are several examples of Bach carrying out the reverse process with his keyboard arrangements of Vivaldi, and other composers' concertos, but the reworking of the Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 894, into the outer movements of BWV 1044, and the second movement of the Organ Sonata in F major, BWV 527, into the middle movement, appears to be unique among Bach's compositional activity. This study will explore in some detail how Bach transforms these solo keyboard pieces into a three movement concerto for three concertino instruments and ripieno. As is the case with most of Bach's instrumental works, the question of where BWV 1044 fits within the chronology of Bach's works is unclear. This paper will attempt a reliable date of composition for this concerto by combining a variety of methods including source study and comparative formal analysis. / Arts, Faculty of / Music, School of / Graduate

The first transiting planetesimal orbiting a white dwarf was recently detected in K2 data of WD 1145+017 and has been followed up intensively. The multiple, long and variable transits suggest the transiting objects are dust clouds, probably produced by a disintegrating asteroid. In addition, the system contains circumstellar gas, evident by broad absorption lines, mostly in the u' band, and a dust disc, indicated by an infrared excess. Here we present the first detection of a change in colour of WD 1145+017 during transits, using simultaneous multiband fast-photometry ULTRACAM measurements over the u'g'r'i' bands. The observations reveal what appears to be 'bluing' during transits; transits are deeper in the redder bands, with a u' - r' colour difference of up to similar to-0.05 mag. We explore various possible explanations for the bluing, including limb darkening or peculiar dust properties. 'Spectral' photometry obtained by integrating over bandpasses in the spectroscopic data in and out of transit, compared to the photometric data, shows that the observed colour difference is most likely the result of reduced circumstellar absorption in the spectrum during transits. This indicates that the transiting objects and the gas share the same line of sight and that the gas covers the white dwarf only partially, as would be expected if the gas, the transiting debris and the dust emitting the infrared excess are part of the same general disc structure (although possibly at different radii). In addition, we present the results of a week-long monitoring campaign of the system using a global network of telescopes.

O óleo de semente de uva (OSU) caracteriza-se como um importante subproduto do processamento agroindustrial (vinicultura) que vem recebendo destaque como fonte alternativa de óleos vegetais. Os componentes químicos presentes nos óleos vegetais sofrem influência de fatores relacionados ao cultivo e ao processamento industrial. Esses componentes são capazes de modular importantes funções fisiológicas no organismo. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a composição química de OSU brasileiros e sua influência em parâmetros bioquímicos, de estresse oxidativo e inflamatório sérico e tecidual em ratos. Inicialmente, sete diferentes marcas de OSU disponíveis no mercado brasileiro foram avaliadas e comparadas em relação a dois processos de extração, refino e prensagem a frio. As amostras prensadas a frio apresentaram concentrações significativamente maiores de compostos fenólicos, teores do isômero γ-tocotrienol da vitamina E, de fitosteróis, tendo como principal constituinte o β-sitosterol, e diversos compostos voláteis característicos. Para a investigação biológica, ratos saudáveis da linhagem Wistar foram suplementados com OSU - amostra comercial que possuía maior teor do isômero γ-tocotrienol e compostos fenólicos; e com o óleo de soja (ODS) - óleo mais consumido no país, utilizado para efeito comparativo. Os dois óleos foram suplementados por intubação orogástrica nas concentrações de 3,0 e 6,0 mL/Kg de peso corpóreo, por 65 dias. Observou-se que os resultados da intervenção não foram dose-dependente para os dois óleos e, apesar do elevado teor de lipídios oferecido aos animais, estes não modificaram o padrão de ganho de peso. Porém, foram observados elevados teores de peroxidação lipídica sérica nos animais tratados com OSU, quando comparados aos tratados com ODS na menor dose administrada. Nos animais do grupo suplementado com OSU na maior dose, verificou-se aumento do peso do tecido adiposo retroperitoneal, caracterizado pela hipertrofia dos adipócitos. Em relação ao tecido hepático, houve maior incorporação do ácido linoleico, principal ácido graxo presente nos OSU e ODS e precursor do ácido araquidônico na cadeia dos eicosanoides, interferindo no aumento da razão das citocinas inflamatórias TNF-α/IL- 4 e IL-6/IL-4, para todos os grupos suplementados com os dois óleos nas maiores concentrações. Quanto aos marcadores de estresse oxidativo no tecido cardíaco, pode-se verificar que os grupos administrados com OSU foram relacionados com a maior atividade das enzimas antioxidantes, acompanhado de maior peroxidação lipídica. Os resultados permitem concluir que os compostos bioativos presentes no OSU não ocasionaram a redução do estresse oxidativo causado pela alta presença do ácido linoleico, porém, os marcadores inflamatórios pouco se alteraram com o tratamento. / Grapeseed oil (GSO) is characterized as an important by-product of the agro-industry (winemaking) which has received attention as an alternative source of vegetable oils. Chemical compounds are influenced by cultivation and industrial processing, and these components modulate some important physiological functions in the body. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of Brazilian GSO and its influence on biochemical parameters and inflammation in rats\' serum and tissue. Firstly, seven different GSO samples were obtained from Brazilian market and were evaluated and compared for two type of extraction processes, refining and cold pressing. Cold pressed samples showed high significant phenolic concentrations, γ-tocotrienol isomer content and phytosterols concentrations, and presence of several characteristic of volatiles compounds. For biological research, healthy Wistar rats were supplemented with GSO - commercial sample had higher levels of γ-tocotrienol isomer and phenolic compounds; and soybean oil (SBO) - the most consumed oil in the country, used for comparative purposes. Both oils were supplemented daily by orogastric intubation in concentrations of 3.0 and 6.0 mL/kg body weight for 65 days. After intervention was observed no dose dependency behavior for both oils, and despite high level of lipids provided to the animals, they did not change the pattern of the animals weight gain. However, high levels of lipid peroxidation were observed in the animal\'s serum within GSO treatment when compared to SBO. GSO6 group was an increase of final weight of retroperitoneal adipose tissue, characterized by hypertrophy of adipocytes. Regarding the hepatic tissue, it was observed that there was a greater uptake of linoleic acid, mainly fatty acids present in GSO and SBO and it is a precursor of arachidonic acid in eicosanoids chain, interfering with the ratio increase of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α/IL-4 and IL-6/IL-4 for all groups supplemented with both oils at higher concentrations. For the parameters of oxidative stress in the cardiac tissue, it can be seen that GSO groups were related to increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes, followed by an increase in TBARS content. The results suggest that the bioactive compounds present in the GSO caused the reduction of the oxidative stress caused by the high presence of linoleic acid, though, inflammatory markers present few changes within treatment.

abstract: Pursuit of an informed approach to interpreting Frédéric Chopin’s music has been increasingly challenging in the twenty-first century. In the process of forming their unique voices, pianists turn to the sound recordings of some of the most notable pianistic figures in history. This document offers a detailed inspection of three revered recordings and, with the help of syntactic analysis, seeks an understanding of the extraordinary interpretational decisions of Alfred Cortot, Arthur Rubinstein and Dinu Lipatti. The examined works are Chopin’s Prelude in C Major, Op. 28, No. 1, and the Largo of the Sonata in B Minor, Op. 58. The analysis of the Prelude compares recorded performances of Alfred Cortot (ca. 1933-1934) and Arthur Rubinstein (ca. 1946) and explains how their vastly different interpretational choices can, through an analytical process, be traced to the harmonic and melodic implications of the score. Likewise, inspection of the Largo focuses on Dinu Lipatti’s performance (ca. 1947) and draws connections between his phrasing and critical characteristics of the movement. All three performances present exquisite examples of a style of expressive playing that seems to have fallen into disuse in the twenty-first century. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the performing style of Cortot, Rubinstein, and Lipatti, and also seeks to show connections between score analysis and interpretational decisions. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Music 2020