This diploma thesis deals with social work and its relative position among other helping professions. Social work is described from the perspective of social workers at OSPOD (Department of Social and Legal Protection of Children). Social work is an interdisciplinary field, which means that social workers often cooperate with other professionals. Cooperation is executed in the form of an interdisciplinary team where it may happen that one of the professions dominates. The domination of one profession over another hegemony. The essence of hegemony is the desire for power while the oppressed group is able to follow the ideology of its own discipline only to a certain extent. Although social work keeps evolving, and so does the approach from the side of professionals, there are cases when social workers experience negative attitude. This is the reason why this thesis is focused on the standing of social work within other helping professions.The objective of the diploma thesis was to map the position of social work in other helping professions from the perspective of social workers at OSPOD. Was set one research question HVO1: What is the status of social work with other helping professions? To secure the integrity and completeness of information, two partial research questions were set and divided into individual categories. DVO1: How does the social workers OSPOD cooperation with the helping professions? DVO2: What factors affect the status of social work? The investigation found out that social work, particularly in the area of social-legal protection of children, is valued equally and social workers have an important role. Most informants had a positive experience with cooperation with other professionals. In case of occurrence of negative attitude, we cannot talk about hegemony but rather about the level of willingness to cooperate. It turned out that the personality of a specific professional affects the position of social work significantly, and equal standing is supported by the role of coordinator held by the respective social worker. The questioned social workers were aware of the changing attitude to social work from the side of professionals who realize the demands of social work and perceive this discipline as an equal profession. However, this fact does not apply to the public because, as the interviewed social workers confirmed, the public's opinion about social workers has not changed yet and it has retained the concept of "evil aunts" who take away children. The thesis can be used as an information material for social workers about their relative position among other helping professionals. It can also be a source of motivation in need to communicate the necessity and importance of social work to the public, but also to other professionals.

Diversos serviços de saúde no Brasil vem apresentado episódios de superlotação, em um contexto onde os recursos são limitados. A redução do tempo de permanência em internações hospitalares tem como consequência direta a disponibilização de mais leitos-dia. O gerenciamento e melhoria do fluxo de pacientes ao longo das internações hospitalares é importante, sendo que o uso eficiente dos leitos pode acontecer devido a uma série de fatores. Estudos demonstram que equipes multidisciplinares podem realizar uma assistência de qualidade, reduzindo custos e o tempo em que os pacientes permanecem internados, sem impacto na reinternação ou mortalidade. Também há trabalhos que apontam a eficácia de unidades dedicadas ao atendimento de doenças específicas. A admissão de pacientes dentro de critérios bem definidos aumenta o giro de leitos. Com o objetivo de analisar se a equipe multidisciplinar Medicina Interna – Emergência (MIE) poderia contribuir para a redução do tempo de permanência hospitalar dos pacientes portadores de doenças prevalentes, sem alterar os indicadores de reinternação e mortalidade, o presente estudo experimental, controlado, não-randomizado, comparou o período pré e pós-intervenção, ou seja, a criação de uma Unidade de Curta Permanência no Serviço de Medicina Interna, do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Foram analisadas internações ocorridas através da Emergência do HCPA, de pacientes com 14 anos ou mais, com as doenças prevalentes classificadas conforme grupos do CID-10 (J09-J018; J40-J47; N30-N39; I30-I52; I60-I69; B20-B24; C15-C26; A30-A49; e E10-E14), no período compreendido entre 01 de dezembro de 2008 a 30 de novembro de 2010 (n = 11040). Os resultados do estudo demonstram que após a criação da equipe E-MEI e a sua unidade de curta permanência, houve uma redução do tempo de permanência dos pacientes internados pelas causas selecionadas (antes: 10,89 ± 13,17 dias, após: 9,47 ± 11,24 dias, p = 0,006), e uma diminuição mais acentuada nas internações do Serviço de Medicina Interna [antes (n = 680): 14,33 ± 14,57 dias, após (n = 1243): 9,77 ± 10,62 dias, p = 0,000]. Não ocorreu alteração na taxa de mortalidade de todos os pacientes admitidos para as causas selecionadas [antes (n = 3800): 11,3%, após (n = 3958): 11,8% p = 0,123]. Também não houve alteração na taxa de reinternação de 7 dias na amostra estudada [antes (n = 3369): 7,2%, depois de (n = 3491): 6,7%, p = 0,407]. / Several health services in Brazil has shown episodes of overcrowding, in a context where resources are limited. Reducing the length of stay in hospital has as a direct consequence the provision of more beds-day. Managing and improving the flow of patients throughout the hospital is important, and the efficient use of beds can happen due to a number of factors. Studies have shown that multidisciplinary teams can perform quality care, reducing costs and the time patients remain hospitalized, with no impact on mortality or rehospitalization. There are also studies that show the effectiveness of units dedicated to the treatment of specific diseases. The admission of patients into well-defined criteria increases the turnover of beds. With the objective of analyzing the multidisciplinary team Internal Medicine – Emergency, could help to reduce the length of hospital stay of patients with diseases prevalent, without changing the indicators of rehospitalization and mortality, the present study experimental, controlled, not -randomized study compared the pre-and post-intervention, ie the creation of a Short Stay Unit in the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). We analyzed hospital admissions through the Emergency HCPA, for patients aged 14 years or older with prevalent disease groups classified according to the ICD-10 (J09-J018, J40-J47, N30-N39, I30-I52, I60-I69; B20-B24, C15-C26, A30-A49, and E10-E14), during the period from December 1, 2008 to November 30, 2010 (n = 11,040). The study results show that after the creation of the multidisciplinary team, and its Short Stay Unit, there was a reduction in the length of stay of inpatients by selected causes (before: 10.89 ± 13.17 days after: 9 47 ± 11.24 days, p = 0.006) and a greater reduction in hospitalizations Service of Internal Medicine [before (n = 680): 14.33 ± 14.57 days after (n = 1243): 9, 77 ± 10.62 days, p = 0.000]. No change in the mortality rate of all patients admitted to selected causes [before (n = 3800): 11.3% after (n = 3958): 11.8% p = 0.123]. There was also no change in the rate of readmission than 7 days in our sample [before (n = 3369): 7.2% after (n = 3491): 6.7%, p = 0.407].

Esta pesquisa abordou o tema da Política de Ações Afirmativas, nos processos de in/exclusão dos alunos com renda inferior, a partir da análise das práticas institucionais mobilizadas pela equipe multidisciplinar da Divisão de Seleção e Acompanhamento Pedagógico, Psicológico e Social (DSS), que pertence a Pró-Reitoria de Assuntos Estudantis (PRAE), da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Por meio desta pesquisa foi possível: a) discutir os processos de in/exclusão, especialmente no que diz respeito à renda inferior e à inclusão como um imperativo de Estado; b) relatar brevemente como ocorreu o processo de democratização do Ensino Superior no Brasil, buscando identificar pontos relevantes do processo de implantação das ações afirmativas; c) construir um breve histórico do processo de implantação das Ações Afirmativas na UFRGS e algumas mudanças que ocorreram no decorrer deste percurso; d) compreender as práticas desenvolvidas pela DSS a partir do conjunto de políticas que a mobiliza, nos processos de in/exclusão dos estudantes com renda inferior; e) buscar alternativas para o seu melhor funcionamento através do levantamento de questões e f) propor reflexões que digam respeito às práticas postas em funcionamento por esta equipe no contexto institucional. Foram utilizados como procedimentos metodológicos entrevistas semiestruturadas com os servidores da DSS e ex-gestores da PRAE. As categorias de análise foram construídas a partir das recorrências dos excertos analisados. Nas análises, foi possível evidenciar a necessidade de uma gestão mais qualificada e engajada para buscar atender a esses novos compromissos assumidos pela Universidade, fortalecendo o importante trabalho realizado pela equipe multidisciplinar da DSS. Assim, esta dissertação traz pistas que podem nortear a (re) construção do setor a partir dos seguintes pressupostos: 1) retomada do histórico do setor no contexto institucional, reconstituída na dissertação; 2) reorganização da gestão do setor a partir: a) da visão da DSS como um espaço de estudo e de elaboração de propostas de trabalho conjuntas: b) da elaboração de um cronograma de trabalho que mescle momentos de estudo e de planejamento do trabalho da equipe; c) da discussão e da organização do trabalho de acompanhamento dos alunos (ingresso, permanência e sucesso acadêmico), tendo em vista as atribuições de cada uma das áreas dos profissionais que atuam no setor; d) da necessidade de avançar na discussão com outros setores da UFRGS – no caso das ações de acompanhamento, o diálogo com as COMGRAD’s e a elaboração de ações conjuntas será essencial; e) da avaliação do tipo de acompanhamento que será realizado; e) da criação de mecanismos que possibilitem a avaliação processual do trabalho desenvolvido, bem como a sistematização e o registro permanente dos dados coletados. / This research addressed the topic of Affirmative Action Policy in the processes of in / exclusion of lower income students, based on the analysis of the institutional practices mobilized by the Multidisciplinary Team of the Pedagogical, Psychological and Social Selection and Monitoring Division (DSS), which Belongs to Pro-Rectory of Student Affairs (PRAE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS).Through this research it was possible to: a) discuss the processes of in / exclusion, especially with regard to lower income and inclusion as a state imperative; B) to report briefly how the process of democratization of Higher Education in Brazil occurred, seeking to identify relevant points of the process of implementation of affirmative actions; C) construct a brief history of the implementation process of Affirmative Actions in UFRGS and some changes that occurred during this course; D) understand the practices developed by the DSS from the set of policies that mobilize it, in the processes of in / exclusion of students with lower incomes; E) seek alternatives for its better functioning through the survey of issues and f) propose reflections regarding the practices put in place by this team in the institutional context. Semi-structured interviews were used as methodological procedures with the DSS servers and former PRAE managers. The categories of analysis were constructed from the recurrences of the excerpts analyzed. In the analyzes, it was possible to highlight the need for a more qualified and engaged management to seek to meet these new commitments assumed by the University, strengthening the important work carried out by the DSS multidisciplinary team. This dissertation presents clues that can guide the (re) construction of the sector from the following assumptions: 1) resumption of the history of the sector in the institutional context, reconstituted in the dissertation; 2) reorganization of the management of the sector from: a) the vision of the DSS as a space for study and preparation of joint work proposals; b) the preparation of a work schedule that combines moments of study and planning of the work of the team; C) discussion and organization of student follow-up work (admission, permanence and academic success), considering the responsibilities of each of the areas of professionals working in the sector; D) the need to advance the discussion with other sectors of UFRGS - in the case of follow-up actions, dialogue with COMGRAD's and the elaboration of joint actions will be essential; E) the evaluation of the type of follow-up to be carried out; F) the creation of mechanisms that allow the process evaluation of the work developed, as well as the systematization and permanent recording of the data collected.

Esta dissertação trata de analisar, de um modo geral, os processos de trabalho dos trabalhadores em Saúde Mental e, de modo específico, como os trabalhadores de Educação Física se incorporam (ou são incorporados) no cotidiano de trabalho nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (Caps). A temática é tratada nesta dissertação com base nas formulações teóricas produzidas a partir do movimento antimanicomial e da Reforma Sanitária Brasileira. A metodologia adotada foi o estudo de caso qualitativo em um Caps especializado na atenção a usuários de álcool e outras drogas, localizado na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Por meio de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, principal instrumento de produção dos dados empíricos, oito trabalhadores de diversos núcleos profissionais da equipe colaboraram com a pesquisa. Do material levantado, três categorias de análise emergiram: 1) a tensão entre público e privado na organização dos processos coletivos de trabalho para a produção do cuidado em serviços de Saúde Mental; 2) as expectativas e demandas da equipe relativa ao trabalho da Educação Física em um Caps AD; e 3) a produção de saberes sem fronteiras disciplinares/profissionais em meio aos afazeres que se misturam na composição do trabalho em Saúde Mental. A análise resultante desta categorização levou às seguintes considerações: a terceirização dos serviços e a precarização dos vínculos empregatícios interfere na organização de processos coletivos de trabalho e na efetiva integração das equipes em Saúde Mental; o trabalho da Educação Física em um Caps Ad transita tanto entre as expectativas de tarefas clássicas do núcleo quanto à composição do trabalho coletivo voltado para as demandas do campo; as equipes multiprofissionais de Saúde Mental que funcionam de forma efetivamente integrada rasuram as fronteiras dos saberes dos núcleos e convocam os trabalhadores a desenvolverem projetos terapêuticos pautados, sobretudo, na produção de vida. / This dissertation is to examine, in general, the working processes of professionals involved in Mental Health and, specifically, how the professionals of Physical Education incorporate (or are embedded) in the daily work at the Centers for Psychosocial Care (CAPS). The topic is treated in this dissertation based on theoretical formulations produced from anti-asylum movement and from Brazilian Sanitary Reform. The adopted methodology was a qualitative case study based on CAPS, who is specialized in caring for users of alcohol and other drugs, located in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre. Through a guide of semi-structured interviews, the main instrument of production of empirical data, eight professionals from the multidisciplinary core team collaborated with the research. From the collected material, three categories of analysis emerged: 1) the tension between public and private in the organization of the collective bargaining process for the production of care in mental health services, 2) the expectations and demands of the team concerned the Physical Education in a Caps, and 3) the production of knowledge without borders disciplinary/professionals during their duties that mixtures in the composition of the work in Mental Health. The resulting analysis of this categorization led to the following considerations: the outsourcing of services and the casualization of employment relationships interfere in the organization of collective bargaining processes and the effective integration of the Mental Health teams, the duty of Physical Education in a Caps transitions even between expectations from classical tasks of the core team about the composition of the collective work facing the demands on the field, than the multidisciplinary teams of Mental Health that works effectively integrated erasure the frontiers of knowledge of the core teams and summon professionals to develop therapeutic projects guided mainly in the production of life. / Esta tesis intenta analizar, de modo general, los procesos de trabajo de los trabajadores en Salud Mental y, de modo puntual, como los trabajadores de Educación Física se adhieren (o son adheridos) en el cotidiano laboral de los Centros de Atención Psicosocial (Caps). La temática es abordada en esta tesis con base las diferentes formulaciones teóricas generadas a partir del movimiento Antimanicomial y la Reforma Sanitaria Brasilera. La metodología empleada fue el estudio de caso cualitativo en un Caps especializado en la atención a los usuarios de alcohol e drogas , ubicado en la región metropolitana de la ciudad de Porto Alegre. A partir de una entrevista semi-estructurada, principal instrumento de producción de datos empíricos, ocho trabajadores de diferentes equipos profesionales colaboraron con la investigación. En el material recogido surgieron tres categorías de análisis: 1) la tensión entre lo público y privado en la organización de procesos colectivos de trabajo para la atención en los servicios de Salud Mental. 2) las expectativas y exigencias del trabajo de la Educación Física en un Caps Ad, y 3) la producción de conocimiento sin barreras disciplinarias/profesionales en medio a los quehaceres que se mezclan en la configuración del trabajo en Salud Mental. El análisis resultante de esta clasificación llevó a las siguientes consideraciones: la tercerización de los servicios y la precarización de los vínculos laborales interfieren en la organización de los procesos de trabajo colectivo y en la integración efectiva de los equipos de trabajadores en Salud Mental; el trabajo de la Educación Física en un Caps Ad transita tanto en la expectativas de las tareas clásicas del núcleo como en la composición del trabajo colectivo dirigido a las demandas del campo; los equipos multiprofesionales de Salud Mental que funcionan de forma efectivamente integrada, rasuran las fronteras de los saberes de los núcleos y convocan a los trabajadores a desarrollar proyectos terapéuticos pautados, sobre todo en la producción de la vida. El análisis resultante de esta clasificación llevó a las siguientes consideraciones: el trabajo de Educación Física en un CAPS Ad ambas transiciones entre expectativas de las tareas clásicas del núcleo y la composición de la obra colectiva frente a las demandas del campo, los equipos multidisciplinarios de Salud Mental que trabajan rasuram efectivamente integrada de las fronteras del conocimiento de los núcleos y convocan a los trabajadores a desarrollar proyectos terapéuticos guiados principalmente en la producción de la vida.

This diploma thesis is a part of the GAJU project entitled "Coordinated rehabilitation of patients with brain injury (reg. number GAJU 128/2016/S)". At the time when the thesis was elaborated, only the patients who suffered the cerebrovascular accident were engaged in the project, since in the hospital, no suitable patient after brain injury who would need a multidisciplinary team in home care had ever been sought. The selection of the patients was based on the communicative skills criteria e.g. if the skills to participate in the directed conversation based on the Functional Independence Measure Questionnaire (FIM), WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 and the follow-up questions concerning social issues, physiotherapeutic methods and techniques were preserved. Within the framework of the project, the research has not been finished yet. Given the above mentioned reasons, this thesis is therefore mainly focused on the identification of patients' needs after the cerebrovascular accident (CVA), on the period starting from its first incidence during the first three months period after the discharge from the hospital to home care. The complex results will be presented as a part of the publication activity of the project. The thesis comprises a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part presents a comprehensive view on the care for the patients who suffered the cerebrovascular accident. I addressed both the basic characteristics of the cerebrovascular accident and the organisation of the care for the patients in the Czech Republic; furthermore, the coordinated rehabilitation team, the role of a social worker, possibilities of social help provided by the welfare system to patients and their families, and the psychical condition of the patient. In the last chapter, I outline the general concept of human needs according to A. Maslow and describe important needs of the sick people. As far as the research part is concerned, my goal is to identify the needs of patients in home care after the brain injury. In connection with the aim of the thesis, two research questions were defined. The first question is: "What are the needs of the patients after brain injury?". The second question is: "What is the role of a social worker in meeting the needs of a patient with brain injury?" The qualitative research strategy was used; the instructional dialogue technique with patients after brain injury in the South Bohemia Region within the project. When analyzing the data collected from the patients during the first three months after the discharge from the hospital to the home care, seven major patient needs emerged need of help, need of psychical equilibrium, need of self-reliance, need of being without paint, need of recovering to the condition before CVA incidence, and need of establishing a new system of activities. Two of these needs, the need of recovering to the condition before CVA incidence and the need of establishing a new system of activities could be considered as principal, because the other needs are in general heading towards them. Furthermore, the analysis of the results showed the role of a social worker by means of which these needs can be saturated The results of the present thesis are used as a partial part from which the complex results of coordinated rehabilitation of patients after brain injury of the GAJU project are complied. The needs analysis of patients brought the proposals of dealing with/saturation of these needs and therefore had a direct impact on the lives of the respondents. The results of the research will become a part of the publication outputs of the above-mentioned projects.

The thesis is focused on the social work with people after brain damage and is part of the GAJU project called "Coordinated Rehabilitation of Patients after Brain Damage (Reg. No. GAJU 138/2016 / S)". Collaboration with social workers from the region of České Budějovice was part of this thesis. Their work also consists of working with people after brain damage. The purpose of the collaboration was to map out follow-up services after hospitalization of people after brain damage. Information about these organizations has been shared with the patients who were included in the GAJU project. The complex results of the project will be elaborated within the publishing activities. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The first - the theoretical part - is focused on the basic description of brain damage, there is more about the cerebral stroke, the coordinated rehabilitation team, the role of the social worker. There is also described the burden that the social worker as a person in the helping profession may face and burnout syndrome as a possible consequence of this burden. In the research part, the main objective was to find out what positives and negatives the social workers perceive in working with people after brain damage. This objective was completed through interviews with the social workers situated in České Budějovice. We can fully understand the extend of the social workers' work with people after brain damage thanks to the interviews. In connection with the goal, research questions have been identified: What are the positive and negative aspects of social work related to work with patient after brain damage according to the subjective opinion of a social worker? Another one: What influences the perception of positives and negatives which the social workers experience during their work? A qualitative research strategy was used, a technique of interviewing with use of instructions was chosen for the interviews with fourteen social workers of the organizations, whose target group also includes people after brain damage. Data was processed in Atlas.ti 7. The administration which is more and more demanding due to the legislation. That results in less time with client and more time with paperwork. Finance which is related to the funding of services, lack of resources for employee remuneration and the financial difficulty for clients. Lack of qualified staff, time consuming activities that are closely tied to the extensive administration and the fact that social workers often work beyond their job responsibilities and competencies. Non-cooperation of a client's family or lack of interest of family on the client, there is also the legislation, which is often in contradiction with practice according to interviews. The social workers have to follow the actual amendments of the law and that is time-consuming and exhausting, absence of follow-up organizations for patients after brain damage, lack of competencies/authority/information of social workers, insufficient motivation, lack of financial remuneration or lack of benefits for employees, conflicts with authorities, barriers that may occur during work of a social worker or insufficient resources. The analysis also reveals that social workers subjectively perceive these positives during their work with patients after brain damage: client satisfaction, helping people, the good feeling after job well done, positive feedback, fulfilling job, positive in relation to the work environment. The results of the thesis show that the positive aspects dominates over the negative ones. Work in a multidisciplinary team has been perceived positively amongst the social workers and beneficial for the clients and for the team. This work will serve as a sub-part for the elaboration of complex outcomes of coordinated rehabilitation of patients after brain damage from the GAJU project. Research results will become part of the publication outputs from the above-mentioned project.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:42:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 1615196 bytes, checksum: 2688d98cd18e9b60be7e4c403a5534ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aimed to identify what 5th grade teachers from private and public schools of João Pessoa, PB, knew about dyslexia, besides the pedagogic practices developed with the teachers to help dyslexics and the interaction between schools staff and the professionals specialized in treating this learning disorder. We focused the 5th grade teachers because it is supposed that students have already got over the expected difficulties of reading and writing acquisition at this time. Dyslexia is a social serious and numerous problem, according to Brazilian Dyslexia Association (ABD), but has not received a proper attention from health and education public offices and has even been excluded from the assistance program ruled by the Secretaria de Educação Especial of Brazilian Ministério de Educação e Cultura. The research was based on Vygotsky s social-interactive theory and on some other researchers of equal importance and scientific orientation, such as Kleiman (2007), Perrenoud (2001), Ong (1998) and Marcuschi (2004). The data were collected from bibliographic sources, interviews and questionnaires applied to twenty 5th grade teachers, ten public and private school technicians and eight professionals of the multidisciplinary team of dyslexia diagnosis and treatment. Surveys about the importance of teachers help to dyslexics hardly exists, in spite of the emphasis and information coming from cognition studies that point to the relevance of teacher s mediation to students get over reading and writing difficulties. This research pointed to little knowledge about this learning disorder among teachers, due mostly to inadequate academic and continuous formation course curriculum. It also showed that there is intense communication between health professionals and private schools what does not happen between them and public schools. / Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar o nível de conhecimento entre profissionais docentes do 5º ano, de Escolas Privadas e Públicas Municipais, de João Pessoa, PB, acerca da Dislexia, como também trabalho realizado pela escola com professores para o atendimento de alunos disléxicos e a relação mantida entre a escola e os profissionais de saúde que tratam desse distúrbio. Detivemo-nos aos professores de 5° ano, quando já se supõe a criança ter superado as dificuldades iniciais, próprias do processo de aquisição da lectoescrita. A dislexia é um problema social grave, de alta incidência, segundo a Associação Brasileira de Dislexia, mas não tem recebido a merecida atenção da escola e órgãos públicos de saúde e educação, chegando a ser excluída do Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE), definido pela Secretaria de Educação Especial, do Ministério da Educação e Cultura. Teoricamente a pesquisa teve como fundamentação a teoria sóciointeracionista de Vygostky e pesquisadores de mesmo posicionamento e relevância, como Kleiman (2007), Perrenoud (2001), Ong (1998) e Marcuschi (2004). Como dados, foram utilizados fontes bibliográficas e entrevistas realizadas entre três grupos de participantes, sendo o Grupo I composto por vinte professoras de 5º do Ensino Fundamental I, de escolas públicas e privadas; o Grupo II, por dez técnicos de escolas públicas e privadas, e o Grupo III, formado pelos membros da equipe multidisciplinar de tratamento da dislexia. Pesquisas sobre a importância da atuação do professor no acompanhamento de disléxicos são praticamente inexistentes, apesar de toda a ênfase e informação advindas de estudos sobre cognição apontarem para a importância da mediação docente na superação de problemas no processo de aquisição da lectoescrita. A pesquisa apontou para um nível de conhecimento deficitário sobre este distúrbio entre esse segmento docente, motivado, principalmente, por inadequação curricular nos cursos de formação acadêmica e continuada; para uma relação estreita entre profissionais de saúde e a escola privada e sua ausência entre aqueles e a escola pública.

Esta pesquisa abordou o tema da Política de Ações Afirmativas, nos processos de in/exclusão dos alunos com renda inferior, a partir da análise das práticas institucionais mobilizadas pela equipe multidisciplinar da Divisão de Seleção e Acompanhamento Pedagógico, Psicológico e Social (DSS), que pertence a Pró-Reitoria de Assuntos Estudantis (PRAE), da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Por meio desta pesquisa foi possível: a) discutir os processos de in/exclusão, especialmente no que diz respeito à renda inferior e à inclusão como um imperativo de Estado; b) relatar brevemente como ocorreu o processo de democratização do Ensino Superior no Brasil, buscando identificar pontos relevantes do processo de implantação das ações afirmativas; c) construir um breve histórico do processo de implantação das Ações Afirmativas na UFRGS e algumas mudanças que ocorreram no decorrer deste percurso; d) compreender as práticas desenvolvidas pela DSS a partir do conjunto de políticas que a mobiliza, nos processos de in/exclusão dos estudantes com renda inferior; e) buscar alternativas para o seu melhor funcionamento através do levantamento de questões e f) propor reflexões que digam respeito às práticas postas em funcionamento por esta equipe no contexto institucional. Foram utilizados como procedimentos metodológicos entrevistas semiestruturadas com os servidores da DSS e ex-gestores da PRAE. As categorias de análise foram construídas a partir das recorrências dos excertos analisados. Nas análises, foi possível evidenciar a necessidade de uma gestão mais qualificada e engajada para buscar atender a esses novos compromissos assumidos pela Universidade, fortalecendo o importante trabalho realizado pela equipe multidisciplinar da DSS. Assim, esta dissertação traz pistas que podem nortear a (re) construção do setor a partir dos seguintes pressupostos: 1) retomada do histórico do setor no contexto institucional, reconstituída na dissertação; 2) reorganização da gestão do setor a partir: a) da visão da DSS como um espaço de estudo e de elaboração de propostas de trabalho conjuntas: b) da elaboração de um cronograma de trabalho que mescle momentos de estudo e de planejamento do trabalho da equipe; c) da discussão e da organização do trabalho de acompanhamento dos alunos (ingresso, permanência e sucesso acadêmico), tendo em vista as atribuições de cada uma das áreas dos profissionais que atuam no setor; d) da necessidade de avançar na discussão com outros setores da UFRGS – no caso das ações de acompanhamento, o diálogo com as COMGRAD’s e a elaboração de ações conjuntas será essencial; e) da avaliação do tipo de acompanhamento que será realizado; e) da criação de mecanismos que possibilitem a avaliação processual do trabalho desenvolvido, bem como a sistematização e o registro permanente dos dados coletados. / This research addressed the topic of Affirmative Action Policy in the processes of in / exclusion of lower income students, based on the analysis of the institutional practices mobilized by the Multidisciplinary Team of the Pedagogical, Psychological and Social Selection and Monitoring Division (DSS), which Belongs to Pro-Rectory of Student Affairs (PRAE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS).Through this research it was possible to: a) discuss the processes of in / exclusion, especially with regard to lower income and inclusion as a state imperative; B) to report briefly how the process of democratization of Higher Education in Brazil occurred, seeking to identify relevant points of the process of implementation of affirmative actions; C) construct a brief history of the implementation process of Affirmative Actions in UFRGS and some changes that occurred during this course; D) understand the practices developed by the DSS from the set of policies that mobilize it, in the processes of in / exclusion of students with lower incomes; E) seek alternatives for its better functioning through the survey of issues and f) propose reflections regarding the practices put in place by this team in the institutional context. Semi-structured interviews were used as methodological procedures with the DSS servers and former PRAE managers. The categories of analysis were constructed from the recurrences of the excerpts analyzed. In the analyzes, it was possible to highlight the need for a more qualified and engaged management to seek to meet these new commitments assumed by the University, strengthening the important work carried out by the DSS multidisciplinary team. This dissertation presents clues that can guide the (re) construction of the sector from the following assumptions: 1) resumption of the history of the sector in the institutional context, reconstituted in the dissertation; 2) reorganization of the management of the sector from: a) the vision of the DSS as a space for study and preparation of joint work proposals; b) the preparation of a work schedule that combines moments of study and planning of the work of the team; C) discussion and organization of student follow-up work (admission, permanence and academic success), considering the responsibilities of each of the areas of professionals working in the sector; D) the need to advance the discussion with other sectors of UFRGS - in the case of follow-up actions, dialogue with COMGRAD's and the elaboration of joint actions will be essential; E) the evaluation of the type of follow-up to be carried out; F) the creation of mechanisms that allow the process evaluation of the work developed, as well as the systematization and permanent recording of the data collected.

Diversos serviços de saúde no Brasil vem apresentado episódios de superlotação, em um contexto onde os recursos são limitados. A redução do tempo de permanência em internações hospitalares tem como consequência direta a disponibilização de mais leitos-dia. O gerenciamento e melhoria do fluxo de pacientes ao longo das internações hospitalares é importante, sendo que o uso eficiente dos leitos pode acontecer devido a uma série de fatores. Estudos demonstram que equipes multidisciplinares podem realizar uma assistência de qualidade, reduzindo custos e o tempo em que os pacientes permanecem internados, sem impacto na reinternação ou mortalidade. Também há trabalhos que apontam a eficácia de unidades dedicadas ao atendimento de doenças específicas. A admissão de pacientes dentro de critérios bem definidos aumenta o giro de leitos. Com o objetivo de analisar se a equipe multidisciplinar Medicina Interna – Emergência (MIE) poderia contribuir para a redução do tempo de permanência hospitalar dos pacientes portadores de doenças prevalentes, sem alterar os indicadores de reinternação e mortalidade, o presente estudo experimental, controlado, não-randomizado, comparou o período pré e pós-intervenção, ou seja, a criação de uma Unidade de Curta Permanência no Serviço de Medicina Interna, do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Foram analisadas internações ocorridas através da Emergência do HCPA, de pacientes com 14 anos ou mais, com as doenças prevalentes classificadas conforme grupos do CID-10 (J09-J018; J40-J47; N30-N39; I30-I52; I60-I69; B20-B24; C15-C26; A30-A49; e E10-E14), no período compreendido entre 01 de dezembro de 2008 a 30 de novembro de 2010 (n = 11040). Os resultados do estudo demonstram que após a criação da equipe E-MEI e a sua unidade de curta permanência, houve uma redução do tempo de permanência dos pacientes internados pelas causas selecionadas (antes: 10,89 ± 13,17 dias, após: 9,47 ± 11,24 dias, p = 0,006), e uma diminuição mais acentuada nas internações do Serviço de Medicina Interna [antes (n = 680): 14,33 ± 14,57 dias, após (n = 1243): 9,77 ± 10,62 dias, p = 0,000]. Não ocorreu alteração na taxa de mortalidade de todos os pacientes admitidos para as causas selecionadas [antes (n = 3800): 11,3%, após (n = 3958): 11,8% p = 0,123]. Também não houve alteração na taxa de reinternação de 7 dias na amostra estudada [antes (n = 3369): 7,2%, depois de (n = 3491): 6,7%, p = 0,407]. / Several health services in Brazil has shown episodes of overcrowding, in a context where resources are limited. Reducing the length of stay in hospital has as a direct consequence the provision of more beds-day. Managing and improving the flow of patients throughout the hospital is important, and the efficient use of beds can happen due to a number of factors. Studies have shown that multidisciplinary teams can perform quality care, reducing costs and the time patients remain hospitalized, with no impact on mortality or rehospitalization. There are also studies that show the effectiveness of units dedicated to the treatment of specific diseases. The admission of patients into well-defined criteria increases the turnover of beds. With the objective of analyzing the multidisciplinary team Internal Medicine – Emergency, could help to reduce the length of hospital stay of patients with diseases prevalent, without changing the indicators of rehospitalization and mortality, the present study experimental, controlled, not -randomized study compared the pre-and post-intervention, ie the creation of a Short Stay Unit in the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). We analyzed hospital admissions through the Emergency HCPA, for patients aged 14 years or older with prevalent disease groups classified according to the ICD-10 (J09-J018, J40-J47, N30-N39, I30-I52, I60-I69; B20-B24, C15-C26, A30-A49, and E10-E14), during the period from December 1, 2008 to November 30, 2010 (n = 11,040). The study results show that after the creation of the multidisciplinary team, and its Short Stay Unit, there was a reduction in the length of stay of inpatients by selected causes (before: 10.89 ± 13.17 days after: 9 47 ± 11.24 days, p = 0.006) and a greater reduction in hospitalizations Service of Internal Medicine [before (n = 680): 14.33 ± 14.57 days after (n = 1243): 9, 77 ± 10.62 days, p = 0.000]. No change in the mortality rate of all patients admitted to selected causes [before (n = 3800): 11.3% after (n = 3958): 11.8% p = 0.123]. There was also no change in the rate of readmission than 7 days in our sample [before (n = 3369): 7.2% after (n = 3491): 6.7%, p = 0.407].

Esta dissertação trata de analisar, de um modo geral, os processos de trabalho dos trabalhadores em Saúde Mental e, de modo específico, como os trabalhadores de Educação Física se incorporam (ou são incorporados) no cotidiano de trabalho nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (Caps). A temática é tratada nesta dissertação com base nas formulações teóricas produzidas a partir do movimento antimanicomial e da Reforma Sanitária Brasileira. A metodologia adotada foi o estudo de caso qualitativo em um Caps especializado na atenção a usuários de álcool e outras drogas, localizado na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Por meio de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, principal instrumento de produção dos dados empíricos, oito trabalhadores de diversos núcleos profissionais da equipe colaboraram com a pesquisa. Do material levantado, três categorias de análise emergiram: 1) a tensão entre público e privado na organização dos processos coletivos de trabalho para a produção do cuidado em serviços de Saúde Mental; 2) as expectativas e demandas da equipe relativa ao trabalho da Educação Física em um Caps AD; e 3) a produção de saberes sem fronteiras disciplinares/profissionais em meio aos afazeres que se misturam na composição do trabalho em Saúde Mental. A análise resultante desta categorização levou às seguintes considerações: a terceirização dos serviços e a precarização dos vínculos empregatícios interfere na organização de processos coletivos de trabalho e na efetiva integração das equipes em Saúde Mental; o trabalho da Educação Física em um Caps Ad transita tanto entre as expectativas de tarefas clássicas do núcleo quanto à composição do trabalho coletivo voltado para as demandas do campo; as equipes multiprofissionais de Saúde Mental que funcionam de forma efetivamente integrada rasuram as fronteiras dos saberes dos núcleos e convocam os trabalhadores a desenvolverem projetos terapêuticos pautados, sobretudo, na produção de vida. / This dissertation is to examine, in general, the working processes of professionals involved in Mental Health and, specifically, how the professionals of Physical Education incorporate (or are embedded) in the daily work at the Centers for Psychosocial Care (CAPS). The topic is treated in this dissertation based on theoretical formulations produced from anti-asylum movement and from Brazilian Sanitary Reform. The adopted methodology was a qualitative case study based on CAPS, who is specialized in caring for users of alcohol and other drugs, located in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre. Through a guide of semi-structured interviews, the main instrument of production of empirical data, eight professionals from the multidisciplinary core team collaborated with the research. From the collected material, three categories of analysis emerged: 1) the tension between public and private in the organization of the collective bargaining process for the production of care in mental health services, 2) the expectations and demands of the team concerned the Physical Education in a Caps, and 3) the production of knowledge without borders disciplinary/professionals during their duties that mixtures in the composition of the work in Mental Health. The resulting analysis of this categorization led to the following considerations: the outsourcing of services and the casualization of employment relationships interfere in the organization of collective bargaining processes and the effective integration of the Mental Health teams, the duty of Physical Education in a Caps transitions even between expectations from classical tasks of the core team about the composition of the collective work facing the demands on the field, than the multidisciplinary teams of Mental Health that works effectively integrated erasure the frontiers of knowledge of the core teams and summon professionals to develop therapeutic projects guided mainly in the production of life. / Esta tesis intenta analizar, de modo general, los procesos de trabajo de los trabajadores en Salud Mental y, de modo puntual, como los trabajadores de Educación Física se adhieren (o son adheridos) en el cotidiano laboral de los Centros de Atención Psicosocial (Caps). La temática es abordada en esta tesis con base las diferentes formulaciones teóricas generadas a partir del movimiento Antimanicomial y la Reforma Sanitaria Brasilera. La metodología empleada fue el estudio de caso cualitativo en un Caps especializado en la atención a los usuarios de alcohol e drogas , ubicado en la región metropolitana de la ciudad de Porto Alegre. A partir de una entrevista semi-estructurada, principal instrumento de producción de datos empíricos, ocho trabajadores de diferentes equipos profesionales colaboraron con la investigación. En el material recogido surgieron tres categorías de análisis: 1) la tensión entre lo público y privado en la organización de procesos colectivos de trabajo para la atención en los servicios de Salud Mental. 2) las expectativas y exigencias del trabajo de la Educación Física en un Caps Ad, y 3) la producción de conocimiento sin barreras disciplinarias/profesionales en medio a los quehaceres que se mezclan en la configuración del trabajo en Salud Mental. El análisis resultante de esta clasificación llevó a las siguientes consideraciones: la tercerización de los servicios y la precarización de los vínculos laborales interfieren en la organización de los procesos de trabajo colectivo y en la integración efectiva de los equipos de trabajadores en Salud Mental; el trabajo de la Educación Física en un Caps Ad transita tanto en la expectativas de las tareas clásicas del núcleo como en la composición del trabajo colectivo dirigido a las demandas del campo; los equipos multiprofesionales de Salud Mental que funcionan de forma efectivamente integrada, rasuran las fronteras de los saberes de los núcleos y convocan a los trabajadores a desarrollar proyectos terapéuticos pautados, sobre todo en la producción de la vida. El análisis resultante de esta clasificación llevó a las siguientes consideraciones: el trabajo de Educación Física en un CAPS Ad ambas transiciones entre expectativas de las tareas clásicas del núcleo y la composición de la obra colectiva frente a las demandas del campo, los equipos multidisciplinarios de Salud Mental que trabajan rasuram efectivamente integrada de las fronteras del conocimiento de los núcleos y convocan a los trabajadores a desarrollar proyectos terapéuticos guiados principalmente en la producción de la vida.