No description available.

Submitted by Debora de Oliveira Medeiros null (deboraomedeiros@gmail.com) on 2017-06-13T19:08:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_arquivar.pdf: 4524135 bytes, checksum: 33a027db23ff40bebc026b9090443d53 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-06-19T12:58:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 medeiros_do_me_prud.pdf: 4524135 bytes, checksum: 33a027db23ff40bebc026b9090443d53 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-19T12:58:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 medeiros_do_me_prud.pdf: 4524135 bytes, checksum: 33a027db23ff40bebc026b9090443d53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-24 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo das equações de Navier Stokes incompressível com superfície livre e métodos de projeção com uma formulação recente denominada laplaciano superficial. Esta formulação tem como finalidade uma melhor descrição da força de tensão superficial e grandezas, como curvatura e vetores tangencial e normal, descritas sobre a interface. Assim, uma condição de tensão normal alternativa é definida, e esta quando discretizada implicitamente e combinada com o método de projeção, descrevem a formulação laplaciano superficial, cuja sua solução é utilizada como condições de contorno para resolver o sistema de equações que descrevem o escoamento. A nova formulação destina-se a resolver um sistema tridiagonal de equações gerado sobre a interface, e usar a solução deste sistema de equações como uma condição de contorno na superfície livre para o sistema linear da correção da pressão no interior do domínio, que é resultante da aplicação do método de projeção. A nova equação que define a condição de tensão normal conta com grandezas definidas na malha euleriana, no contexto Marker-And-Cell (MAC), que devem ser projetadas sobre a malha lagrangeana e também considera a curvatura e os vetores tangente e normal na sua descrição, sendo importante um estudo detalhado de geometria diferencial. Finalmente, variações da formulação laplaciano superficial com tensão superficial para diferenças finitas são aplicadas para resolver os testes numéricos da oscilação da gota e da gota apoiada que possuem solução de referência, além da simulação de um problema com movimento de interface (fountain flow). Nestes testes, concluímos que a variação mais precisa e estável é aquela que aplica uma discretização da equação da tensão normal utilizando médias de valores alocados na malha MAC. / This work presents a study of the Navier-Stokes equations incompressible with free surface and a projection methods with a recent formulation defined as surface laplacian. The purpose of this formulation is to improve the description of the force of stress tension and quantities, as curvature and tangent and normal vectors, present at the interface. Thus, an alternative normal stress condition is defined, and when this is discretized implicitly and combined with the employ of projection method, describe the surface laplacian formulation, whose solution is used as boundary condition to solve the system of equations describing the flow. The new formulation is intended to solve the tridiagonal system of equations generated at the interface, and to use this solution as a boundary condition at free surface for the linear system of the pressure correction inside of domain, which results of the application of the projection method. The new equation used to define the normal stress condition considers quantities defined in the Eulerian mesh, in the Marker-And-Cell context (MAC), that should be projected on the Lagrangian mesh. In addition, in the new equation, it is also considered the influence of the curvature and normal and tangential vectors in your description, so that a detailed study of differential geometry for this computation is important. Finally, variations of the surface laplacian formulation for finite differences are applied for solving numerical tests of the drop oscillation and sessile drop which have reference solutions, beyond of the simulation of a problem with free surface moving (fountain flow). In these tests, we concluded that the most accurate and stable variation is the one that applies a discretization of the normal stress equation using the mean of values in the MAC mesh. / FAPESP: 2015/01243-0

[pt] A perfuração de poços de petróleo, principalmente em ambientes offshore, é uma operação que demanda um custo muito elevado, portanto a minimização de problemas e danos ao reservatório produtor é muito importante. O projeto de um fluido de perfuração que garanta a mínima invasão na rocha reservatório é um tópico fundamental, como consequência a indústria petrolífera tem investido em estudos com o intuito de evitar que este problema ocorra. Sendo assim, nesse trabalho estudou-se o escoamento de fluidos em um meio poroso ideal, a célula de Hele-Shaw. Para realizar esse trabalho foram utilizados dois fluidos não newtonianos: uma solução aquosa de um polímero flexível, a poliacrilamida; e uma solução aquosa de um polímero rígido, a goma xantana. Esses fluidos não newtonianos representaram o fluido de perfuração, já o papel do petróleo presente na rocha reservatório foi desempenhado pelo óleo mineral. A partir desse experimento é possível observar a instabilidade de Saffman-Taylor ou viscous fingers, que é um fenômeno observado quando um fluido de menor viscosidade desloca outro de maior viscosidade. Esse fenômeno é muito importante em diversas aplicações, tais como: invasão de fluido de perfuração em meios porosos (caso que será estudado), recuperação secundária e terciária de petróleo, fraturamento hidráulico, processamento de polímeros, hidrologia e filtração. O experimento consiste em analisar a evolução da interface entre os dois fluidos através de uma câmera filmadora. A partir das imagens é determinada qualitativamente a eficiência do deslocamento. Com o conjunto de imagens é possível observar também em quais parâmetros dinâmicos e reológicos ocorre a transição fingers (interface instável) para plug (interface estável), e viceversa. Também foram realizados testes reológicos nos quais foi possível conhecer o comportamento dos fluidos não newtonianos utilizados. Com base nos dados coletados observou-se que tanto para a poliacrilamida quanto para a goma xantana a transição ocorre a uma taxa de cisalhamento adimensional próxima de 3. / [en] The drilling of oil wells, particularly in offshore environments, is an operation which demands a high cost, thus, the minimization of problems and damage to the producing reservoir is very important. The design of a drilling fluid that ensures minimum invasion into the reservoir rock is a major topic, consequently the oil industry has invested in research in order to prevent this problem from occurring. Therefore, this research studied the displacement of fluids in an ideal porous medium, a Hele-Shaw cell. To accomplish this task, the following two non-Newtonian fluids were used: an aqueous solution of a flexible polymer, polyacrylamide; and the other an aqueous solution of a rigid polymer, xanthan gum. Such non-Newtonian fluids represent the drilling fluid, while the function of oil present in the reservoir rock was represented by mineral oil. From this experiment it is possible to observe the Saffman-Taylor instability or viscous fingers, which is a phenomenon observed when a low viscosity fluid displaces a higher viscosity fluid. This phenomenon is very important in many applications, such as drilling fluid invasion in porous media, secondary and tertiary oil recovery, hydraulic fracturing, polymer processing, hydrology and filtration. The experiment consists in analyzing the evolution of the interface between two fluids through a digital camera, and determining the displacement efficiency qualitatively from the imagens. With the set of images is possible to observe in which dynamic and rheological parameters the transition from fingers (unstable interface) to plug (stable interface) occurs, and vice versa. Also, rheological tests were performed in which it was possible to know the behavior of non-Newtonian fluids used in the study. From the data collected it was observed that both the polyacrylamide and for xanthan gum transition occurs near the dimensionless shear rate of 3.

The thesis deals with the description of the unstable flow of non-Newtonian fluid in a slit-flow rheometer, which negatively affects its behaviour. The initiators of unstable fluid flow are the roughness of the rheometer slit walls, the slip on the rheometer walls, and the influence of the inlet and outlet region geometry of the rheometer slit. The work contains methodical procedures for mathematical consideration of individual unstable fluid flow initiators and design of change of slit geometry of slit-flow rheometer. Part of the work is also a comparison of the most commonly used rheological models, derivation of general relations for the creation of the velocity profile of individual rheological models and their subsequent implementation in the rheological application, which significantly simplifies the process of evaluation of measured data when measured on slit-flow rheometer. This application can be used to determine basic parameters in CFD simulations or as a teaching aid.

Main topic of this thesis are magnetic fluids. These are specific type of fluids which can simplistically be considered as Bingham fluids. Main issues regarding the magnetic fluids mentioned in this thesis are: rheological properties of the magnetic fluids, behaviour of the magnetic fluids and the use of the magnetic fluids in industrial applications. Main goal is to apply Binghams model on the the magnetic fluids assuming that this model can be applied with a good accuracy. Equations which describe behaviour of the Bingham fluids are constructed. Some assumptions which have to be respected to use this analytical equations for magnetic fluids are formulated. Flow of bingham fluid is analytically solved in some simplificated cases with consideration of laminar flow. Analytical results are confronted with numerical ones obtained from CFD software Fluent for the purpose of verification.

No description available.

The existence of hydrodynamically developed, laminar Viscoelastic Secondary Flows (VSFs) of non-Newtonian fluids in straight ducts of non-circular cross-section was proposed in the 1950's. VSFs have since been observed sporadically, and only once with a velocimetric technique. Using axial and transverse full flow-field velocity-position raster maps made with Rheological Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Rheo-NMR), Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid flows were quantified in Hagen-Poiseuille and Power Law contexts, over more than two orders of magnitude of flow rate, in ducts of circle, square, triangle, and pentagon cross-section. VSF was reliably and repeatedly observed to occur at between one part in 130 and one part in 600 of the primary axial flow velocity. Velocity measurements ranged from <10 µm/s to approximately 30 cm/s, suggesting a velocity dynamic range >3E4 without optimization. To obtain VSF flow direction information, a novel flow directional phantom was developed and characterized. Aqueous solutions of Polyethylene Oxide (PEO), Viscarin GP-109NF, Viscarin GP-209NF (V209), Hyaluronan (HA) in a Phosphate-Buffered Saline-like solvent, and an aqueous Polyethylene Glycol/PEO-based Boger fluid were investigated. Axial data was corroborated with related data gathered by an independent method. Basic simulations corroborated the VSF observations. Duct hydraulic diameters (>= 1.6 mm) approached the micro-channel regime. VSF detections in HA --- synovial fluid's principal component --- and V209 were novel, as were observations of some artifacts which were subsequently characterized and corrected. The detection of VSF in HA represents the first experimental evidence suggesting that its second normal stress (N_2) is comparable to that of better-characterized fluids. In the first application of a new VSF-based method, a particular Boger fluid's constant viscosity and, in the square duct, its lack of VSF were used with established criteria to suggest that the fluid's N_2 approached zero. The development of a rudimentary, but versatile and inexpensive home-built velocimetric spectrometer is detailed, as are several new components. An exhaustive VSF literature review is included. The remarkable transverse velocimetric ability of Rheo-NMR in both optically opaque and transparent system is highlighted, suggesting that perhaps the technique might represent, in both micro-channels and conventional ducts, the gold-standard in flow velocimetry.

Cette thèse est composée de deux parties indépendantes. La première est consacrée à l'étude de quelques problèmes elliptiques de type de Kirchhoff de la forme suivante : -M(ʃΩNul² dx) Δu = f(x, u) xЄΩ ; u(x) = o xЄƋΩ où Ω cRN, N ≥ 2, f une fonction de Carathéodory et M une fonction strictement positive et continue sur R+. Dans le cas où la fonction f est asymptotiquement linéaire à l’infini par rapport à l'inconnue u, on montre, en combinant une technique de troncature et la méthode variationnelle, que le problème admet au moins une solution positive quand la fonction M est non décroissante. Et si f(x, u) = |u|p-1 u + λg(x), où p >0, λ un paramètre réel et g une fonction de classe C1 et changeant de signe sur Ω, alors sous certaines hypothèses sur M, il existe deux réels positifs λ. et λ. tels que le problème admet des solutions positives si 0 < λ <λ. et n'admet pas de solutions positives si λ > λ.. Dans la deuxième partie, on étudie deux problèmes soulevés en dynamique des fluides. Le premier est une généralisation d'un modèle décrivant la propagation unidirectionnelle dispersive des ondes longues dans un milieu à deux fluides. En écrivant le problème sous la forme d'une équation de point fixe, on montre l'existence d'au moins une solution positive. On montre ensuite sa symétrie et son unicité. Le deuxième problème consiste à prouver l'existence de la vitesse, la pression et la température d'un fluide non newtonien, incompressible et non isotherme, occupant un domaine borné, en prenant en compte un terme de convection. L’originalité dans ce travail est que la viscosité du fluide ne dépend pas seulement de la vitesse mais aussi de la température et du module du tenseur des taux de déformations. En se basant sur la notion des opérateurs pseudo-monotones, le théorème de De Rham et celui de point fixe de Schauder, l'existence du triplet, (vitesse, pression, température) est démontré / This thesis consists of two independent parts. The first is devoted to the study of some elliptic problems of Kirchhoff-type in the following form : -M(ʃΩNul² dx) Δu = f(x, u) xЄΩ ; u(x) = o xЄƋΩ where Ω cRN, N ≥ 2, f is a Caratheodory function and M is a strictly positive and continuous function on R+. In the case where the function f is asymptotically linear at infinity with respect to the unknown u, we show, by combining a truncation technique and the variational method, that the problem admits a positive solution when the function M is nondecreasing. And if f(x, u) = |u|p-1 u + λg(x) where p> 0, λ a real parameter and g is a function of class C1 and changes the sign in Ω, then under some assumptions on M, there exist two positive real λ. and λ. such that the problem admits positive solutions if 0 < λ <λ., and no positive solutions if λ > λ.. In the second part, we study two problems arising in fluid dynamics. The first is a generalization of a model describing the unidirectional propagation of long waves in dispersive medium with two fluids. By writing the problem as a fixed point equation, we prove the existence of at least one positive solution. We then show its symmetry and uniqueness. The second problem is to prove the existence of the velocity, pressure and temperature of a non-Newtonian, incompressible and isothermal fluid, occupying a bounded domain, taking into account a convection term. The originality in this work is that the fluid viscosity depends not only on the velocity but also on the temperature and the modulus of deformation rate tensor. Based on the notion of pseudo-monotone operators, the De Rham theorem and the Schauder fixed point theorem, the existence of the triplet, (velocity, pressure, temperature) is shown

The author presents some generalized Burgers' equations for incompressible and isothermal flow of viscous non-Newtonian fluids based on the Cross model, the Carreau model, and the Power-Law model and some simple assumptions on the flows. The author numerically solves the traveling wave equations for the Cross model, the Carreau model, the Power-Law model by using industrial data. The author proves existence and uniqueness of solutions to the traveling wave equations of each of the three models. The author also provides numerical estimates of the shock thickness as well as maximum strain $\varepsilon_{11}$ for each of the fluids.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt eine experimentelle Untersuchung der Schichtbildung von nichtnewtonschen Flüssigkeiten im Tiefdruckverfahren auf nicht saugfähigen Substraten. Das fluiddynamisch bedingte „viscous fingering“ beim Farbspaltungsprozess soll mittels Hydrophobieren der Druckform gehemmt werden. Ziel ist es, möglichst homogene sowie wellenfreie Schichten zu erzeugen. Um ein direkt miteinander vergleichbares Druckergebnis zu erhalten, wird der Druckstoff parallel mit einer unbehandelten und hydrophobierten Form bedruckt. Als Druckstoff werden anstelle von Druckfarbe funktionale Materialien (vorzugsweise PEDOT:PSS) verwendet und variiert, wobei die elektrischen und geometrischen Schichteigenschaften, beispielsweise der elektrische Widerstand und die Rauheit, zur Ermittlung der gesetzten Ziele untersucht wurden. Hiermit und mittels Nutzung einer hydrophobierten Druckform kann eine deutliche Minderung der Wellenbildung (viscous fingering) bei vielen Druckstoffarten beobachtet werden. Die Minderung des viscous fingering im Farbspaltungsprozess und eine nahezu vollständige Leerung der hydrophobierten Tiefdruckform haben einen wesentlichen Nutzwert für den künftigen Einsatz nicht nur für die „gedruckte Elektronik“. / In this work is described experimental research about layer forming from non-Newtonian fluids in gravure printing on non-porous substrates. The viscous fingering, caused through fluid dynamics at splitting of printed material should be decreased by hydrophobic-surface modification of gravure printing form. The aim was to print wave-free homogenous layers. To achieve comparable results, modified and pure form were used simultaneously to print the same material. The printed material was mainly PEDOT:PSS and other, which is used in printed electronics. The properties (surface tension, viscosity) of printed materials were varied by additives. Printing conditions were varied too. The characteristic of printed layers were studied: resistivity, roughness, density, etc. The results shows decreasing of waviness, roughness and viscous fingering in final layer through use of hydrophobic gravure printing form, compared to print results with common printing form. This can be applied not only in the field of printed electronics.