Published in 1983 by the U.S. Geological Survey, this map denotes land use and land cover in the northeast Tennesee/Johnson City area for the years 1975-83. Base map from U.S. Geologic Survey, 1966. The legend along the right edge denotes different types of land use and coverage using a numeric code. Additional details on how the map was compiled can by found on the lower right corner. The North Carolina portion of this map was prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development. Physical copy resides in the Government Information, Law and Maps Department of East Tennessee State University’s Sherrod Library. Scale - 1: 250,000. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1044/thumbnail.jpg

Produced by the Johnson City GIS Division on December 1, 1999, this map denotes the land use of Johnson City as of 1998. The key along the bottom edge identifies the types of land use via a color code. Major roads and highways are labeled on the map itself. Physical copy resides with Johnson City, Geographic Information Systems Division. Scale - 3" = 6000’ / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1070/thumbnail.jpg

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In Tennessee (TN), the rate of unintended pregnancies remains higher than the national rate (32.4% vs. 30.3%). Although long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) are 99% effective in preventing undesired pregnancies; uptake remains low in rural and underserved communities. Previous research has provided some insight into women’s perceptions of LARCs; however, those guided by conceptual frameworks to understand the multiple influences that impact perceptions towards LARCs, especially among rural regions, are scarce. This multimethod qualitative study explored multiple influences that impact northeast Tennessee women’s perceptions and attitudes toward LARCs using the Socio-ecological Model (SEM) as a guiding framework. The study comprised six focus groups and seven individual interviews of women aged 18-44, not pregnant, and current residents of five counties in Northeast TN. Participants’ demographics were administered through REDCap, while qualitative data from focus groups and interviews were recorded via Zoom. Focus groups and interview data were combined, and an a priori list of codes identified from the constructs of the SEM was initially used to deductively code the data. Subsequently, the data were analyzed inductively for new codes and themes that did not apply to the a priori categories. Seventeen themes and 23 sub-themes were identified using the SEM; On the intrapersonal level of the SEM, participants’ contraception utilization history, attitudes towards a method, perception of method features, and perceived side effects were identified as themes that delineate influences on their LARC utilization. Perception of partner support, perceived support from peer/social networks, and provider trust themes were identified on the interpersonal level. On the community level, the cost of the method, access to information, perceived accessibility to a method, social services, and cultural norms themes were identified. The availability of preferred methods in a clinic, the need for multiple clinic visits to use a method, and provider counseling practices were identified as organizational-level themes. On the policy level, insurance, and billing policies, sex education policies were identified as impacting LARC utilization. Study findings highlight the areas of influence that can be addressed to increase LARC uptake and enable women in rural and underserved regions to achieve their personal reproductive goals.

Most scientific studies concerning energy conservation benefits of trees have been completed in cooling dominated climates or have involved model-based engineering studies. An infestation of the Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB) (anoplophora glabripennis) has initiated an extensive tree removal program in Worcester, Massachusetts. A June 1, 2011 tornado in Springfield, Massachusetts has damaged a randomized sample of the urban canopy cover in Springfield. These events provide natural, controlled experiments to quantify the energy use impact of trees in real-world settings. Large-scale tree removal and natural disasters completely transform the landscape. Due to the reduction in shade, near-ground temperature increase is substantial. With the trees gone, the increased velocity of cold winter winds is noticeable for neighborhood residents. Tree removal due to ALB infestation in two residential neighborhoods in Worcester, Massachusetts in the winter of 2008-2009 resulted in a 37% increase (t = -9.09, p<0.001) in baseline-corrected, weather-normalized electrical consumption from the 2008 to 2009 cooling seasons. In Springfield, Massachusetts we find no difference in baseline-corrected, weather-normalized natural gas consumption for the heating season for individual homes after the June 1, 2011 tornado. The results of this research will aid in the development and implementation of energy conserving treeplanting and retention programs and policies pursuant to the Clean Energy and Climate Change Plan of 2010 in Massachusetts.

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The archaeological record of the Iroquois supports that settlements were regularly relocated during the protohistoric period (1500-1650 A.D.). With the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) computer software, archaeologists may analyze variables potentially resulting in or influencing the movement of settlements. Through the use of spatial analysis, I argue that Cayuga Iroquois settlement locations were influenced by the environmental characteristics of their surrounding landscape. Specifically, wetlands are believed to have influenced settlement location choices in central New York state. This study examines the spatial relationships between wetland habitats and protohistoric period Cayuga Iroquois settlements where swidden maize agriculture comprised most of the diet. Considering previous research that has linked the movement of settlements to Iroquois agricultural practices, I hypothesize that wetlands played a significant role in the Iroquois subsistence system by providing supplementary plant and animal resources to a diet primarily characterized by maize consumption, and thereby influenced the strategy behind settlement relocation. Nine Cayuga Iroquois settlements dating to the protohistoric period were selected for analysis using GIS. Two control groups, each consisting of nine random points, were generated for comparison. Distance buffers show the amount of wetlands that are situated within 1-, 2.5-, and 5-kilometers from Cayuga settlements and random points. The total number of wetlands within proximity of these distances to the settlements and random points are recorded and analyzed. The results indicate a statistical significance regarding the prominence of wetlands within the landscape which pertains to the Cayuga Iroquois settlement strategy.

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The Appalachian Preaching Missions (1955-1981) occurred annually in Northeast Tennessee, with their predecessor, the Bristol Preaching Mission, dating back to at least 1949. Local churches, primarily Protestant, organized and convened these annual ecumenical gatherings. Nationally known clergy and laypeople from various denominations spoke, with up to several thousand congregants attending each mission. These individuals provided sermons and speeches on spiritual, domestic, and international issues. Among the most consistently repeated sermon themes was Christianity’s spiritual conflict with atheistic communism. This work addresses the missions’ origins and how the speakers spoke on international Christian missions in decolonized or developing nations as threatened by communist regimes, anxieties of nuclear proliferation, and the need for ecumenical cooperation. This work demonstrates that the choice of subject matter and speakers at the missions reflected wider American anti-communism, an increased politicization of Christianity, and ecumenical coalition building.