The global spread of the neoliberal paradigm has propelled a recent worldwide trend of educational decentralization/centralization policies. Such policies constitute a contradictory ensemble that has shifted authority and accountability across national, provincial or state, municipal, and school levels. They have also been marked by contestation over the extent to which curricula are nationally standardized or locally defined. Education reform in Brazil in this regard has been shaped by a confluence of neoliberal and critical theoretical currents: enhance the nation’s economic competitiveness in the global market and redress pressing societal issues. Using Basil Bernstein’s concepts of classification and framing together with critical educational scholars’ conceptualizations of knowledge and knowledge in the official and enacted curriculum as conceptual and theoretical frameworks, this comparative ethnographic case study examines the nexus between curriculum, knowledge, and pedagogy in municipal schools in Brazil’s Northeast. In doing so it addresses gaps in comparative educational research on curriculum knowledge along with how educational decentralization/centralization policies are implemented in practice. The central thesis is that municipal school curricula knowledge dynamics—the classification and framing of knowledge in the official curriculum and the relation of such with what knowledge is legitimized in classrooms, how such is transmitted and analyzed, and why—in Brazil’s Northeast encompass a multilevel web of contradictions. This web spans incongruent ideologies, opposing elements of autonomy and accountability, conflicting pedagogical principles and practices, and a chasm between curriculum ideals and urban periphery municipal school realities.

The global spread of the neoliberal paradigm has propelled a recent worldwide trend of educational decentralization/centralization policies. Such policies constitute a contradictory ensemble that has shifted authority and accountability across national, provincial or state, municipal, and school levels. They have also been marked by contestation over the extent to which curricula are nationally standardized or locally defined. Education reform in Brazil in this regard has been shaped by a confluence of neoliberal and critical theoretical currents: enhance the nation’s economic competitiveness in the global market and redress pressing societal issues. Using Basil Bernstein’s concepts of classification and framing together with critical educational scholars’ conceptualizations of knowledge and knowledge in the official and enacted curriculum as conceptual and theoretical frameworks, this comparative ethnographic case study examines the nexus between curriculum, knowledge, and pedagogy in municipal schools in Brazil’s Northeast. In doing so it addresses gaps in comparative educational research on curriculum knowledge along with how educational decentralization/centralization policies are implemented in practice. The central thesis is that municipal school curricula knowledge dynamics—the classification and framing of knowledge in the official curriculum and the relation of such with what knowledge is legitimized in classrooms, how such is transmitted and analyzed, and why—in Brazil’s Northeast encompass a multilevel web of contradictions. This web spans incongruent ideologies, opposing elements of autonomy and accountability, conflicting pedagogical principles and practices, and a chasm between curriculum ideals and urban periphery municipal school realities.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:32:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 508483 bytes, checksum: ed19e15dac174ba29cb7068c7f83a289 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-26 / The objective of this work was to verify the efficiency of Box-Cox and Blom scores transformations in correcting the phenotypic heterogeneity of variance adjusted weights of cattle Tabapuã the Brazilian Northeast to the factors producing regions, ages and sex. We used data Tabapuã the Brazilian Northeast, collected from 1970, from the control of weight development Brazilian Association of Zebu Breeders (ABCZ) with information concerning the weights adjusted to 205, 365 and 550 days of age. The Box-Cox and Blom scores transformations were used in an attempt to correct the heterogeneity of variances for the factors of production regions, ages and sex. Bartlett's test was applied before and after the transformation of the data to see if there was a reduction of heterogeneity of phenotypic variances. The Blom scores transformation was effective in reducing the coefficients of skewness and kurtosis and was more appropriate than the Box-Cox transformation to correct the phenotypic heterogeneity of variance between production regions, ages and sex, since produced significantly more favorable results. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a eficiência das transformações de Box- Cox e escores de Blom na correção da heterogeneidade de variâncias fenotípicas dos pesos ajustados de bovinos da raça Tabapuã do Nordeste brasileiro para os fatores regiões de produção, idades e sexos. Foram utilizados dados da raça Tabapuã do Nordeste brasileiro, coletados a partir de 1970, provenientes do controle de desenvolvimento ponderal da Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Zebuíno (ABCZ) com informações relativas a pesos ajustados para 205, 365 e 550 dias de idade. As transformações em escores de Blom e Box-Cox foram utilizadas na tentativa de corrigir a heterogeneidade de variâncias para os fatores regiões de produção, idades e sexos. O teste de Bartlett foi aplicado antes e após a transformação dos dados para verificar se houve redução da heterogeneidade de variâncias fenotípicas. A transformação em escores de Blom foi efetiva na redução dos coeficientes de assimetria e curtose e mostrou-se mais adequada do que a transformação de Box-Cox para correção da heterogeneidade de variâncias fenotípicas entre regiões de produção, idades e sexos, uma vez que apresentou um maior número de resultados favoráveis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5700.pdf: 2014067 bytes, checksum: 1c29fe0a2376ac08c6fcb0f73ba1dbd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-29 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The Caravana do Cordel and the building of a northeast in movement in São Paulo is a research about the way the stories are mobilized, the actions and representations of the Northeast of Brazil in the speeches of Northeastern migrants settled in São Paulo, belonging to the Caravana do Cordel . I investigate the reinterpretation that is built by those subjects who maintain a strong mnemonic relationship with the Northeast of Brazil, with the lived experiences in this geographical space, social and symbolic, both in the past and present. I assume that although these poets crystallize a certain image of the Northeast of Brazil where they were born, they also create other northeastern", through a discursive dynamic construction. / A Caravana do Cordel e a construção de um Nordeste em movimento em São Paulo consiste numa análise acerca da maneira como são mobilizadas as narrações, as ações e as representações sobre o Nordeste nos discursos de migrantes nordestinos radicados em São Paulo, pertencentes à Caravana do Cordel. Investigo as ressignificações que são construídas por esses sujeitos que mantêm uma forte relação mnemônica com o Nordeste, com as experiências vividas nesse espaço geográfico, social e simbólico, tanto no passado, quanto no presente. Parto do pressuposto que, embora esses poetas cordelistas cristalizem uma certa imagem do Nordeste em que nasceram, criam outros Nordestes , por meio de uma construção discursiva dinâmica.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T15:01:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 2323797 bytes, checksum: 3b93658d0b238fa4ae886f0038b8109c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aims to infer the relationship between the realm of myth with the production of rock graphics, ie, whether the production of these graphics are rituals linked to a mythic structure whatever, being able to express a sacred dimension. Through authors such as Eliade (1991, 1983, 2007, 2008 a, 2008 b), Leroi-Gourhan (2007), Levi-Strauss (1996, 2007, 2008), Insoll (2004), Martin (2005), among others we seek to build a theoretical framework that provides a support for the possibility of discussions undertaken between the expressions of relational cave rituals and actions that produced them. In this paper we seek to support this theme in the theoretical overview presented by the authors that were the basis for discussing the question of sacred and ritual in the theoretical universe of Archaeology. As the focus of the research was chosen the Cariri Region, in the west of the state of Paraíba, especially the municipality of Camalaú, where the two sites were analyzed. To reach the objectives proposed in this study, we used two sites: the site Roça Nova and Beira Rio both fit the requirements established by the work because they have elements where the representations linked to the Traditionin the northeast standout, interspersed with elements of the tradition of the Agreste. It was possible to establish hypotheses of relationship that we set out to do. Using a comparative methodology and, a qualitative, we used the typological method to make comparisons between the two sets of signs of the sites. Aggregated data were collected from the contexts of insertion sites, topography, environment and spatial relationship with the water. Thus, we could demonstrate that the rite of producing rock graphics in each of the sites seem to indicate that the mythic structures vary according to the combination of graphics, distribution and typology, forms the supports with a possible relationship with other topography and ritual sites chosen at each site, even with the similarities between the proximity of the water and the techniques which they represent. Although it is not possible to identify a mythological arrangement in these sites at this time, it is demonstrated that it deals with completely different ritual moments. This leads one to suppose that this deals with a mythical structure for each group. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo inferir a relação entre a esfera do mito com a produção dos grafismos rupestres, isto é, saber se as produções desses grafismos são rituais vinculados a uma estrutura mítica qualquer, podendo enunciar uma dimensão sagrada. Através de autores, como Eliade (1991, 1983, 2007, 2008 a, 2008 b.), Leroi-Gourhan (2007), Levi-Strauss (1996, 2007, 2008), Insoll (2004), Martin (2005), entre outros, buscamos construir um arcabouço teórico que fornecesse sustentação às discussões empreendidas dessa possibilidade relacional entre as expressões rupestres e as ações rituais que as produziram. Buscamos neste texto fundamentar essa temática na visão teórica apresentada pelos autores que foram a base para discutimos a questão do sagrado e o rito dentro do universo teórico da Arqueologia. Como lócus da pesquisa foi escolhida a região do Cariri Ocidental do Estado da Paraíba, em especial o Município de Camalaú, onde se encontram os dois sítios analisados. Para atender aos objetivos propostos neste estudo, utilizamos dois sítios: o sítio Roça Nova e o sítio Beira Rio ambos se enquadram nos critérios estabelecidos pelo trabalho, porque eles têm elementos onde predominam as representações vinculadas à Tradição Nordeste, entremeados de elementos da Tradição Agreste. Ali foi possível estabelecer hipóteses da relação pretendida. Usando uma metodologia comparativa, de cunho qualitativo, recorremos ao método tipológico para efetuar as comparações entre os acervos de signos dos sítios. Agregados a esses dados, foram levantados os contextos de inserção dos sítios, sua topografia, meio ambiente e relação espacial com a água. Assim, foi possível demonstrar que o rito de produção dos grafismos rupestres, em cada um dos sítios, parecem indicar que se trata de estruturas míticas diferenciadas em função das dos conjuntos de grafismos, sua distribuição e tipologia, forma dos suportes, possível relação com outros sítios rituais e topografia escolhida em cada sítio, mesmo com as semelhanças entre proximidade da água e técnicas que apresentam. Embora não seja possível identificar um arranjo mitológico nestes sítios, neste momento, fica demonstrado que se trata de instantes rituais completamente distintos. O que leva a supor que se trata de uma estrutura mítica para cada grupo.

[pt] A energia eólica é hoje uma das mais promissoras fontes de energia do mundo por ser limpa e abundante. O estudo de fenômenos que estão relacionados com alterações na circulação atmosférica, como o El Niño, são de extrema importância pela possibilidade de afetarem a geração eólica. A fim de explorar o possível efeito de tais fenômenos nos ventos da região Nordeste do Brasil, a qual possui a maior capacidade eólica instalada, é realizada uma análise estatística para a quantificação desse efeito através dos modelos Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS). Estes permitem a modelagem de séries temporais para diferentes distribuições de probabilidade. Nesse estudo, o GAS é aplicado às séries de velocidade do vento a partir das distribuições Weibull, Gama e Beta. Os resultados mostram que a distribuição Beta produz o melhor ajuste quando se considera o efeito do El Niño através da Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (TSM), na velocidade do vento de uma usina eólica no Nordeste do Brasil. Em particular estes mostram que, o maior impacto do El Niño ocorre nos meses de abril e maio, onde para um aumento de 1 grau Celcius da TSM é observada uma variação de aproximadamente 1.3 por cento na velocidade do vento. / [en] Wind energy is now one of the most promising energy sources of the world being both clean and abundant. The study of phenomena that are related to changes in atmospheric circulation, such as El NiÑo, are extremely important for its ability to affect wind generation. In order to explore the possible effect of such phenomena in the winds of the Northeast region of Brazil which has the largest installed wind capacity, a statistical analysis is performed to quantify this effect through the Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS) models. These allows the modeling of time series for different probability distributions. In this study, GAS models are applied to the wind speed series using Weibull, Gamma and Beta distributions. The results shows that the Beta distribution produces the best fit when considering the effect of El Niño through Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the wind speed of an wind farm in the Northeast of Brazil. In particular these show that the greatest impact of the El Niño occurs in the months of April and May, where for an increase of 1 degrees Celcius of SST is observed a variation of approximately 1.3 per cent in wind speed.

De quelle manière l’urbanisme opérationnel se confronte-t-il aux les évolutions contemporaines des mouvements urbains de contestation et des rhétoriques politiques sur le développement durable et participatif ? Cette thèse part du constat d’un processus d’institutionnalisation en cours depuis les années 1970 de plusieurs mouvements sociaux et critiques de l’urbanisme promouvant la place des citadins dans la construction de la ville. Ce processus est analysé et situé à travers une ethnographie menée dans le contexte emblématique des transformations récentes du Nord-Est de la métropole parisienne. Le pari de ce travail est de mettre en place une observation de situations d’interaction entre groupes d’acteurs qui sont généralement regardés séparément : les associations impliquées dans des processus de concertation, les groupes engagés dans l’occupation d’espaces en friche, les décideurs et techniciens des grands projets d’aménagement urbain, les collectifs d’artistes et architectes promouvant l’art urbain et la participation. À travers l’analyse des justifications et des (més)ententes que ces acteurs mobilisent dans la négociation autour des projets en cours, ce qui se profile est la naissance de formes de contre-pouvoirs instituées. Ces dernières sont encadrées dans des dispositifs qui agissent sur la valorisation de l’incertitude dans les imaginaires urbains, sur l’affirmation ambiguë de la catégorie de l’« habitant » comme sujet-objet de la transformation et sur la construction de temporalités intercalaires et événementielles comme nouveaux paradigmes de la planification. Ce qui résulte de notre analyse est un questionnement autour des convergences entre autogestion libertaire et néolibéralisme urbain, et autour du rapport entre urbanisme technique et critique urbaine. / In which way is urbanism confronting both the evolution taking place in contemporary urban movements and the simultaneous growth of political rhetoric concerning sustainable, participatory development? The present thesis stems from the observation of an ongoing process of institutionalization, begun in the seventies, of social movements and critical theories that emphasize the role and importance of city residents in the construction of their city. This process is analyzed through an ethnography conducted in the Parisian northeastern metropolitan area, thus situating it in an illustrative context of significant recent transformation. The challenge of this work is in studying a number of situations in which actors who are generally considered separately, interact: organizations involved in the development of communal urban participation, groups actively occupying abandoned urban spaces, the technicians and decision-makers of large-scale renovation projects, collectives of artists and architects advocating urban art and participation. Through an analysis of the explanations and (mis)understandings these actors use and reach while discussing projects in progress, what appears is a specific form of control of social counter-powers. This process is framed by apparatus attributing value to the idea of uncertainty in the urban imagination, asserting the “inhabitant” as an ambiguous subject-object of urban transformation, conceiving the intermittent progression of events and temporalities as a new paradigm of urban planning. What follows from this analysis is a questioning into where libertarian self-governance and urban neoliberalism converge, and into the evolving relationship between technical and critical urbanism.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielyFB_TESE.pdf: 1402093 bytes, checksum: 59bc334c392f5b839e6f8198798a7e22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Knowledge of the factors related to the dynamics of herbicides in the environment is of fundamental importance to predict the behavior of herbicides in different soil types and selection of appropriate doses and to avoid harmful effects to the environment and subsequent crops. Three experiments were conducted in order to analyze the dynamics of sulfentrazone in five soils of sugarcane areas of the Brazilian Northeast: Quartzipsamment (Peter Old-RN), Cambisol (Quixeré-CE); Oxisol (Coastal Plains - Maceió-AL), Red-Yellow Ultisol (Coastal Plains - Maceió-AL) and an Epiaquic Haplustult (floodplain - Maceió-AL). The first experiment aimed to characterize chemically, physically and mineralogically the topsoil of different soil classes. The characterization of soil attributes allowed to observe that areas with cane sugar cultivation vary depending mainly physical attributes, with soils of different textural classes and chemical attributes, highlighted with total Organic Carbon content and P available. Regarding the mineralogy, it was observed that the sugarcane areas are installed from young soils with predominance of 2: 1 clay soils to more developed with the presence of kaolinite, gibbsite and iron oxides. The second experiment aimed to evaluate the sorption and desorption of sulfentrazone in the five soils mentioned above was conducted in laboratory conditions. Freundlich equation was adjusted to obtain the sorption coefficients, Kf (sorption capacity) and 1 / n (intensity sorption). It was observed that the soils have different behavior in relation to sulfentrazone sorption potential. Based on the results of this second study, we concluded that the increasing order of sorption was: Argisol (Kf = 8.74)> Oxisol (Kf = 8.23)> Quartzipsamment (Kf = 7.50)> Inceptisol (Kf = 6 98)> Gleysol (Kf = 6.67); while desorption decreased in the following order: Argisol <Gleysol <Quartzipsamment <Inceptisol <Oxisol. The third study aimed to evaluate the leaching of sulfentrazone in these soils through bioassay and liquid chromatography high resolution. Based on the results, it is concluded that the mobility of sulfentrazone in the soil is influenced by its chemical, physical and mineralogical, presenting the following leaching potential sequence: Quartzipsamment (45 cm)> Oxisol (35 cm)> Argisol (20 cm) = Inceptisol (20 cm) = Gleysol (20 cm). Before making the recommendation of sulfentrazone, we must know the chemical, physical and mineralogical characteristics of soils and their interactions with the herbicide, in order to ensure technical efficiency and environmental sustainability / O conhecimento dos fatores relacionados à dinâmica de herbicidas no ambiente é de fundamental importância para prever o comportamento de herbicidas nas diferentes classes de solo e para seleção de dosagens adequadas, bem como para evitar efeitos prejudiciais ao ambiente e às culturas subsequentes. Foram conduzidos três experimentos, visando a analisar a dinâmica do herbicida sulfentrazone em cinco solos de regiões canavieiras do Nordeste brasileiro: Neossolo Quartzarênico (Pedro Velho-RN), Cambissolo Háplico (Quixeré-CE); Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (Tabuleiros Costeiros - Maceió-AL), Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo (Tabuleiros Costeiros - Maceió-AL) e um Gleissolo Háplico (várzea - Maceió-AL). O primeiro experimento objetivou caracterizar química, física e mineralogicamente a camada arável de diferentes classes de solos. A caracterização dos atributos dos solos permitiu observar que as áreas com cultivo de cana-de-açúcar variam em função principalmente dos atributos físicos, com solos de diferentes classes texturais e atributos químicos, tendo destaque o teor de Carbono Orgânico total e P disponível. Em relação à mineralogia, foi possível observar que as áreas canavieiras são instaladas desde solos jovens com predomínio de argilominerais 2:1 até solos mais desenvolvidos com presença de caulinitas, gibsita e óxidos de ferro. O segundo experimento, com objetivo de avaliar a sorção e a dessorção do sulfentrazone nos cinco solos anteriormente mencionados foi conduzido em condições de laboratório. Foram ajustadas equações de Freundlich para obtenção dos coeficientes de sorção, Kf (capacidade de sorção) e 1/n (intensidade de sorção). Observou-se que os solos estudados apresentam comportamento diferenciado em relação ao potencial de sorção do sulfentrazone. Com base nos resultados deste segundo trabalho, conclui-se que a ordem crescente de sorção foi: Argissolo (Kf = 8,74) > Latossolo (Kf = 8,23) > Neossolo Quartzarênico (Kf = 7,50) > Cambissolo (Kf = 6,98) > Gleissolo (Kf = 6,67); ao passo que a dessorção decresceu na seguinte ordem: Argissolo < Gleissolo < Neossolo Quartzarênico < Cambissolo < Latossolo. O terceiro trabalho propôs avaliar a lixiviação do herbicida sulfentrazone nos referidos solos por meio de bioensaios e cromatografia líquida de alta resolução. Baseado nos resultados, conclui-se que a mobilidade do sulfentrazone nos solos é influenciada pelas suas características químicas, físicas e mineralógicas, apresentando a seguinte sequência de potencial de lixiviação: Neossolo Quartzarênico (45 cm) > Latossolo (35 cm) > Argissolo (20 cm) = Cambissolo (20 cm) = Gleissolo (20 cm). Antes de fazer recomendação do sulfentrazone, é necessário conhecer as características químicas, físicas e mineralógicas dos solos e suas interações com o herbicida, no intuito de garantir eficiência técnica e sustentabilidade ambiental

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:31:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodolfoGV_DISSERT.pdf: 1093559 bytes, checksum: ab9bf9b53ab3a3bbbaa384e5660f820f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Creation of goats has an important socio-economic role in the Northeast, concentrating more than 90% of the national herd. This limited activity in this region is for the seasonal rainy period short and low rainfall intensity; restricting the forage supply along the year and favoring the appearance of deficiency and metabolic diseases. This fact stresses the need for seasonality effects of study on energy and protein profile goats extensively created any semiarid Rio Grande do Norte. Were used 20 goats without defined standard racial, male, neutered, healthy, kept two properties, separated into two groups of 10 animals, during 12 months. The blood was collected monthly paragraph rating protein (total protein, albumin and urea) and energy (betahydroxybutyrate, fatty acids esterified not, glucose and cholesterol). Following the reference values literature consulted none of the above variables showed superior values. Among variables such as protein albumin, a protein total, urea values critics had no definite dry period. In the energy assessment, during the rainy season, glucose and cholesterol values showed minor, while the beta-hydroxybutyrate and esterified fatty acids presented no more values indicating the energy deficit especially in this season of the year. That way we can infer the need for energy supplementation no rainy period and protein do not definite dry period, paragraph goats extensive created a non semiarid Northeast / A criação de caprinos tem um importante papel socioeconômico na região Nordeste, concentrando a maior parte do rebanho nacional. Esta atividade está limitada nessa região pela sazonalidade do período chuvoso curto e de baixa intensidade pluviométrica; restringindo o suprimento forrageiro ao longo do ano e favorecendo o aparecimento de doenças carenciais e metabólicas. Esse fato releva a necessidade do estudo dos efeitos da sazonalidade sobre o perfil energético e proteico de caprinos criados extensivamente no semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram utilizados 20 caprinos sem padrão racial definido, machos, castrados, hígidos, mantidos em duas propriedades, sendo 10 animais em cada, durante 12 meses. O sangue foi coletado mensalmente para avaliação proteica (proteína total, albumina e ureia) e energética (beta-hidroxibutirato, ácidos graxos não esterificados, glicose e colesterol). Dentre as variáveis proteicas: albumina, ureia e proteína total apresentaram déficit tanto no período chuvoso quanto no final do período seco. Já na avaliação energética: glicose e colesterol apresentaram valores menores, enquanto beta-hidroxibutirato e ácidos graxos não esterificados apresentaram valores maiores, indicando o déficit energético na época chuvosa. O perfil metabólico determinado mostrou a necessidade de suplementação energética e proteica no período chuvoso, e apenas de proteína no final do período seco para caprinos criados extensivamente no semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte