The objective of the thesis is to characterize the nuclear energy in the european area with the focus on nuclear energy in France. The sector of nuclear energy is now experiencing a new period, so-called "nuclear renaissance". Many european countries decided to rebuild the present nuclear power sites or to construct new ones. Nuclear energy is the most advantageous solutions for many european countries because it decreases external energy dependence and it helps to diminish the carbon dioxide emissions. In the connection with the Czech Presidency in the European Union, it was made proposal for the "Nuclear Security Community" which has to unify the security level of member states of the EU and to intensify the mutual cooperation in the domain of nuclear energy. France represents world nuclear leader thanks to efficiently operating oragnizations, excellent results in nuclear research, realization of nuclear fuel recycling and strong government support. Nucler energy in France can serve as an example for four recommendations to other european countries: government support, efficiently working research institutions, global cooperation between all subjects participating on the formation of nuclear energy and active involvement in the international cooperation in nuclear energy. In spite of constantly high initial investment in construction of nuclear power sites, the nuclear energy seems to experience a positive future.

This Master's thesis dealt with securitization attempts related to the planned construction of a new reactor at the Dukovany NPP. Therefore, its aim was to find, analyse and explain securitization speech acts associated with the planned reactor, in the period from summer 2015 to December 2020 using the critical discourse analysis approach. The results show that securitization speech acts of this kind do appear in the Czech public sphere and are articulated mainly by four groups of actors: representatives of Austria, Czech environmental NGOs, Czech governmental representatives, and Czech political opposition. These actors have different goals: to stop the construction of the reactor, to implement the construction of the reactor, or to influence the way in which the construction will be implemented. One case of successful securitization was found in the outcome: The Czech government was able to enforce extraordinary measures that deviated from standard democratic processes using security-based arguments. Their goal was to implement the construction of the reactor. It remains to add that the research also revealed three important functional actors who co-created the discourse: the BIS secret service, the SÚJB nuclear safety office and the company ČEZ.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The International Energy Agency will for the first time in its 32 years history urge governments to speed up the construction of nuclear power plants. According to Fatih Birol, lEA chief economist, "the decision almost needs to be made tomorrow if we are going to act before we reach a point of no return in climate and security of supply." Nuclear energy, through the conversion and enrichment of uranium oxide, is one of the energy sources with the potential to make an immediate and substantial difference in the emission of greenhouse gasses. Uranium Oxide currently provides a cost effective and sustainable source of clean energy through nuclear power generation, directly comparable in price to gas and coal. With the growth of the world economy, comes a requirement for more energy. This can only be sustained through a number of sources, of which uranium and renewable sources of energy i.e. wind power generation, is part of. The supply of uranium oxide from production to conversion is key to the success of the uranium industry. The high energy potential of relative small quantities of uranium makes rt ideal to transport as the cost and handling is reduced. The transportation of uranium oxide is continuously increasing in complexity. This combined with a high price scenario, increased demand and supply shortages increases the risk associated with denial and delays of shipments. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Internasionale Energie Agentskap gaan vir die eerste keer in die organisasie se 32-jaar geskiedenis' regerings aanspoor om die konstruksie van kemkragsentrales te bespoedig. Volgens Fatih Birol, IEA se hoof-ekonoom, "moet die besluit amper more geneem word as ons gaan reageer voor ons 'n punt van geen omdraai bereik het ten opsigte van die klimaat en sekuriteit van aanbod." Kernkrag, deur die omskakeling en verryking van uraanoksied, is een van die energie bronne met die potensiaal om 'n onmiddelike en substansiele verskil in die vrylating van groenhuis-gasse te maak. Uraanoksied verskaf huidiglik 'n koste effektiewe en volhoudbare bron van skoon energie deur kernkrag opwekking, direk vergelykbaar met steenkool en gas. Met die groei in die wereld ekonomie, kom die vraag na meer energie. Dit kan slegs volhoudbaar wees uit 'n aantal bronne waarvan uraan en hernubare bronne soos windkrag-opwekking, deel is. Die verskaffing van uraanoksied van produksie tot verryking is die sleutel tot die sukses van die uraan industrie. Die hoe energie potensiaal van relatiewe klein hoeveelhede uraan, maak dit geskik vir vervoer omdat die koste van vervoer en hantering verminder word. Die transportering van uraan oksied is voortdurend besig om in kompleksiteit toe te neem. Gekombineerd met 'n hoe prys senario, verhoogde vraag na en aanbodtekorte, verhoog die risiko verbind met wyering en vertragings in verskeping.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-02-24T18:02:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MURILO MIRANDA.pdf: 4361708 bytes, checksum: e91739f535112a0d36b2f372606f0fda (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-24T18:02:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MURILO MIRANDA.pdf: 4361708 bytes, checksum: e91739f535112a0d36b2f372606f0fda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-07 / This paper analyzes the actual system of civil liability for nuclear damage in Brazil, considering the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, the Vienna Convention on civil liability for nuclear damage and the Law 6.453/1977 as well as other sources of legislation applicable to the subject. It starts with the assumption that the system of civil liability for nuclear damage in force in Brazil needs to be revised because it is a system of more than fifty years and has not absorbed the changes consubstantial legal science in this period, especially with regard to human rights and raising the principle of human dignity as the foundation of the Federative Republic of Brazil. In this sense the system in various situations in question admits the damage without a corresponding compensation, or that operates partially. Consider It will also advance the exploration of possibly irreversible nuclear energy extension of the Brazilian energy in the coming decades, while Brazil confirms an international trend of increased use of nuclear energy with peaceful purposes of obtaining electricity, considered the driving force of the current system of consumption and an indispensable means of social and economic development of any nation in the world. That in order to demonstrate the system of civil liability for nuclear damage is compatible with the current growth of the use of nuclear energy, since this is undisputed source of benefits, but also represents a risk to society with regard to the occurrence of nuclear accidents. The methodology used to demonstrate this hypothesis was the analysis of international conventions to which Brazil is a signatory in the field of nuclear energy, the Brazilian legislation, as well as various documents and data relevant to the topic, as well as references. / Este trabalho analisa o sistema de responsabilização civil por danos nucleares vigente no Brasil, considerando a convenção sobre pronta notificação de acidente nuclear, a convenção de Viena sobre responsabilidade civil sobre por danos nucleares e a Lei Federal n. 6.453/1977, bem como outras fontes legislativas aplicáveis ao tema. Parte-se da hipótese que o sistema de responsabilidade civil por danos nucleares vigente no Brasil precisa ser revisto por se tratar de um sistema de mais de cinquenta anos e que não absorveu mudanças consubstanciais da ciência jurídica nesse período, sobretudo, no que se refere aos direito humanos e à elevação do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana como fundamento da República Federativa do Brasil. Nesse sentido o sistema em questão em várias situações admite o dano sem a correspondente indenização, ou que esta se opere de forma parcial. Considerar-se-á também o avanço possivelmente irreversível da exploração da energia nuclear para fins de extensão da matriz energética brasileira, nas próximas décadas, sendo que o Brasil confirma uma tendência internacional do aumento do uso de energia nuclear com a finalidade pacífica de obtenção de energia elétrica, considerada a força motriz do atual sistema de consumo e meio imprescindível para o desenvolvimento social e econômico de qualquer nação do mundo. Isso com a finalidade de se evidenciar se o sistema de responsabilização civil por danos nucleares vigente é compatível com o crescimento da exploração da energia nuclear, vez que esta é inconteste fonte de benefícios, mas representa também um risco à sociedade no que se refere à ocorrência de acidentes nucleares. A metodologia utilizada para demonstrar esta hipótese foi a análise das convenções internacionais das quais o Brasil é signatário no campo da energia nuclear, a legislação brasileira em vigor, bem como vários documentos e dados pertinentes ao tema, bem como referências bibliográficas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tome Sudario Gomes Ferraz dos Santos.pdf: 447929 bytes, checksum: dbd6f9affdc34833db0931c0e0cc792f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-19 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This dissertation analyses a period of the Brazilian nuclear energy policy, from 1945 to the military coup of 1964. During this period Brazil sold a large amount of strategic minerals (thorium) to the United States and, although there was a national effort to control atomic energy, successive difficulties frustrated those expectations. Throughout the 20 years studied in this dissertation, it is possible to notice a strong American influence on the Brazilian nuclear policy, and the opposition between nationalistic tendencies (that intended to develop an independent nuclear technology in Brazil) and the tendencies that defended a dependency as regards the United States. It seems that the permanent conflict between those opposite forces contributed significantly to cause the downfall of the Brazilian nuclear program / Esta dissertação analisa um período da política de energia nuclear no Brasil, desde 1945 até o golpe militar de 1964. Durante esse período, o Brasil vende grande quantidade de minerais estratégicos (tório) aos Estados Unidos e, embora haja um empenho para que o país comece a dominar a energia atômica, sucessivos empecilhos frustram as expectativas. Ao longo dos 20 anos aqui estudados, nota-se a forte influência norte-americana na política nuclear brasileira, e a oposição entre tendências nacionalistas (que pretendiam desenvolver no Brasil uma tecnologia nuclear independente) e as tendências que apoiavam uma dependência dos Estados Unidos. O conflito permanente entre essas forças opostas pode ter sido um importante fator que inviabilizou o programa nuclear brasileiro de ser bem-sucedido

La sémantique des cadres et l’analyse argumentative comptent parmi les approches les plus sollicitées en linguistique du discours. De nombreuses études parues ces dernières années font ainsi appel aux cadres sémantiques pour analyser la dimension lexicale des discours et aux topoï argumentatifs pour analyser leur dimension argumentative. Or, cette simple addition de différentes techniques d’analyse est contradictoire avec les prémisses même de la sémantique des cadres. En effet, plus encore qu’un outil d’analyse sémantique, les cadres sémantiques sont un format de représentation cognitive structurant nos connaissances ainsi que notre perception du monde. Par conséquent, les cadres sémantiques permettent, en principe, de décrire l’intégralité des structures de savoir sous-jacentes aux discours, et ceci à tous les niveaux d’abstraction. L’intégration des dimensions de sens ici analysées passe par l’intégration du concept de relation argumentative dans la méthodologie communément appliquée en analyse des cadres. Les structures argumentatives reposant nécessairement sur des structures conceptuelles analogues, l’outil méthodologique ainsi développé permet une description intégrée de ces différentes dimensions et de leur interaction dans la construction discursive du sens. Dans la partie empirique, il sera ensuite appliqué à l’analyse des discours parlementaires sur le nucléaire civil à l’Assemblée nationale française et au Bundestag allemand sur la période 1946–2012. / Frame semantics and argumentation analysis are among the most popular research methodologies in discourse linguistics. Over the course of the last few years, semantic frames and argumentative topoi have been used in numerous studies to analyse the lexical and argumentative dimension of discourse. However, their simple addition contradicts one of the most basic premises of frame semantics, namely, the idea that frames are not only a tool of semantic analysis but also the universal format of conceptual representation structuring our know ledge of and our interactions with the world that surrounds us. Semantic frames, thus, potentially allow for a description of all knowledge structures underlying discourse at different levels of abstraction. By integrating the concept of argumentative relations in the established methodology of frame analysis, these different dimensions of discursive meaning construction become describable in frame semantic terms. These argumentative relations between discourse elements at the text surface can be seen as mirroring equivalent relations between the constituent elements of cognitive frames at the conceptual level. This approach will be used in the empirical section to analyse the parliamentary discourse on nuclear energy in the French Assemblée nationale and the German Bundestag from 1946 to 2012.

Also published on CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references.

本論文之目的在於瞭解現行核能保險之保單內容，歸納出核能事件發生後的各項損失，以建立一套台灣核能保險保費之估計模式。 該模式的建立包含以下步驟：首先，針對核能事件所造成的各項人身、財產、責任損失進行分類；其次，建立個別損失金額之評估公式。第三，對於核能電廠發生損失的機率與幅度分別進行探討。在損失機率方面，配合台灣核能電廠過去的損失經驗以及核研所之PRA（probabilistic risk assessment）模型，對於各級核能事件之發生機率進行假設。在損失幅度方面，估計各項損失項目之最大損失金額，配合各級核能事件下各項損失項目之損害比例，對於各級核能事件之損失幅度進行假設。最後，各級核能事件損失機率與損失幅度乘積之總和，即代表核能保險之危險保費；此外，加上附加費用後，即可求得適當的保費金額。 核能保險雖然是迅速且容易取得之財務補償工具，但所費不貲。整體而言，核能發電具有成本低、污染少等優點，若核能電廠能確保其安全性，並於損失發生後有足夠的財務保證，則可使核能發電的效益充分發揮。 / The aim of this article attempts to know the content of the nuclear energy insurance policy, to induce all kinds of losses after the nuclear events, and to establish an assessment model for the premium of the nuclear energy insurance in Taiwan. This model consists of the following steps: First, various kinds of personal, property, and liability losses which occurred after nuclear events are classified into different categories. Secondly, assessment formula for the loss amount is established. Third, loss frequency and loss severity for the damage of nuclear power plants are studied separately. Lastly, the result of multiplying “loss frequency” by “loss severity” stands for the risk premium for the nuclear energy insurance. Also, adding together the above results and the loading expense, the appropriate premium amount can be figured out. On the whole, utilizing nuclear energy for producing electric power possesses the advantage of being low costs and less pollution. If the nuclear power plants can ensure its safety as fully as possible, and provide adequate financial guarantees as damages occur, people will greatly benefit from the efficiency of nuclear power.

Den 11 mars 2011 inträffade en kärnenergiolycka i Fukushima, Japan. Jag har gjort en diskursanalytisk innehållsanalys av fyra svenska dagstidningars artiklar om kärnenergi från de 90 dagarna innan kärnenergiolyckan i Japan, de första 90 dagarna efter den samt de därefter följande 90 dagarna. Jag har även jämfört de tendenser som framkommer i rapporteringen med Sveriges befolknings attityder till kärnenergi för att se om det finns något samband mellan dessa. Syftet var att utifrån mina resultat, tidigare forskning och teorin från forskningsfältet ”communication of science” analysera den eventuella påverkan medias rapportering om kärnenergi och allmänhetens syn på kärnenergi kan ha på varandra. Analysen visar att det finns ett samband mellan tidningarnas rapportering och allmänhetens åsikter och att det är troligt att parterna påverkar varandra. Vidare studier skulle dock krävas för att säkert kunna uttala sig om hur parterna påverkar varandra.

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Information & Communication Sciences, Department of Physics, 2003. / Bibliography: p. 269-277. / Introduction -- Oliphant: a finger in many pies -- Men of vision and a world power in embryo -- The birth of the Commission -- We need secrets to trade: the Beryllia Project -- The Commission: a hive of activity -- The reactor that never was: the Jervis Bay Project -- The reinvention of the Commission -- The Commission is dead, long live ANSTO -- Conclusion. / Nuclear energy was once seen as a possible answer to man's energy needs, but it could also be used to produce the most destructive weapons known. The initial research into the phenomenon of nuclear fission was done at university laboratories in Europe on the eve of the Second World War. This war led to the development of the first nuclear weapons. After the war, many nations wanted access to both the weapons and the source of cheap power that the process of nuclear fission provided. Australia was one such nation. -- The Australian Government wanted nuclear energy to help develop the dry interior of the continent. There were many in Government who also wanted nuclear weapons. This work focuses on the Australian pursuit of nuclear energy for peaceful uses. The achieve this aim an organisation was established which would train scientists and engineers in nuclear science and technology. This organisation, the Australian Atomic Energy Commission, is the subject of this thesis. -- This work will examine the political influences that governed the Commission in its function and scientific research paths. Specifically, it will examine how successive governments caused the Commission to cancel projects, change the direction of its research, attempted (on several occasions) to amalgamate the Commission with the CSIRO, forcing the organisation into uranium mining and finally abolishing it and replacing it with a new organisation, the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation. Government interference would continue with this new organisation which had its entire board dismissed in 1993. -- The Commission was essentially a scientific and engineering organisation and hence this thesis will also consider a number of projects with which the Commission was involved such as the Beryllium Project, uranium exploration and mining, the uranium enrichment programs, the purchase of two nuclear reactors, the Synroc project, and the ill-fated Jervis Bay power reactor project. Other projects which were started in the early days of the Commission, the neutron diffraction work and the isotope production projects, will be mentioned in passing. Both these projects require a more detailed appraisal than is possible in this thesis. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / viii, 278 p. ill