Orientador: Maria Amélia Máximo de Araújo / Banca: Maria Cecilia Montagna Rosé / Banca: Marco Antonio Bottino / Foram avaliados 22 adultos portadores de fissuras labiopalatais, através de anamnese, exame clínico e radiografias transcranianas da articulação temporomandibular, com o intuito de observar a oclusão e correlacioná-la ccom os achados radiográficos. Os dados obtidos permitiram concluir que: 72,8% dos pacientes apresentavam, pelo menos, um sinal ou sintoma de disfunção craniomandibular (DCM); embora a condição oclusal se apresentasse severamente comprometida a maioria desses sinais ou sintomas era suave; a maior frequência dos sinais ou sintomas ocorreram no sexo feminino; na avaliação radiográfica, todos os pacientes assintomáticos apresentavam os dois côndilos com contorno normal, e todos os que apresentavam alteração de contorno, possuíam pelo menos um sinal ou sintoma de DCM; a posição centrada bilateral dos côndilos na fossa mandibular, não garante a ausência de sinais e sintomas de DCM; alguns pacientes com côndilos posicionados bilateralmente, para posterior ou, para caudal ou ainda, assimétricos, não apresentavam sinais ou sintomas de DCM; os achados radiográficos devem ser correlacionados com os achados clínicos; não foi observado um número significativo de pacientes com quadro clínico de DCM de origem oclusal / Anamnesis, clinical examinations and temporomandibular joint transcraneal radiographs for 22 adults with cleft lip and palate were carried out in order to evaluate the occlusion and correlate it with radographic findings. The conclusions were: 72.8% of the patients have at least one sign or symptom of craniomandibular disorders (CMD); although the occlusal conditions were severely altered, most of the signs and symptoms were classified as mild; the greater frequency of the signs and symptoms occurred among women; in the radiographic evaluation, all of the assymptomatic patients had both condyles with normal contour and all of the patients with altered contour had at least one sign or symptom; the bilateral centered position of the condyles in the fossa e did not warrant the absence of signs and symptoms; some patients with bilateral condyles positioned posteriorly or caudally or even assimetrically, did not present signs and symptoms of dysfunction; the radiographic findings should be correlated with clinical findings; and a great number of patients were not observed with clinical board of C:MD caused by the occlusion. Key words: Radiography; temporomandibular joint; temporomandibular joint syndrome; cleft palate; dental occlusion / Mestre

We present a method to determine the precise shape of a dynamic object from video. This problem is fundamental to computer vision, and has a number of applications, for example, 3D video/cinema post-production, activity recognition and augmented reality. Current tracking algorithms that determine precise shape can be roughly divided into two categories: 1) Global statistics partitioning methods, where the shape of the object is determined by discriminating global image statistics, and 2) Joint shape and appearance matching methods, where a template of the object from the previous frame is matched to the next image. The former is limited in cases of complex object appearance and cluttered background, where global statistics cannot distinguish between the object and background. The latter is able to cope with complex appearance and a cluttered background, but is limited in cases of camera viewpoint change and object articulation, which induce self-occlusions and self-disocclusions of the object of interest. The purpose of this thesis is to model self-occlusion/disocclusion phenomena in a joint shape and appearance tracking framework. We derive a non-linear dynamic model of the object shape and appearance taking into account occlusion phenomena, which is then used to infer self-occlusions/disocclusions, shape and appearance of the object in a variational optimization framework. To ensure robustness to other unmodeled phenomena that are present in real-video sequences, the Kalman filter is used for appearance updating. Experiments show that our method, which incorporates the modeling of self-occlusion/disocclusion, increases the accuracy of shape estimation in situations of viewpoint change and articulation, and out-performs current state-of-the-art methods for shape tracking.

The newly emerging Clarity™ Clear Aligner System from 3M has set out to address one of the biggest pitfalls of thermoplastic aligners: accuracy of orthodontic movements. The 3M Clarity™ Clear Aligner System is unique among clear aligners because it employs a proprietary, sophisticated machine-learning algorithm to design orthodontic movement schematics. The core of the Clarity™ Aligner System is artificial intelligence, meaning that a prospective analysis of preliminary data is essential for the development and improvement of the accuracy of the algorithm. This study investigates movement and accuracy of the Clarity™ Aligner System, from a preliminary data subset from ongoing prospective, randomized clinical trials. Movement from the first trial subset is examined in terms of the following movement factors: secondary premolar-secondary premolar (5+5 in the Palmer system) arch expansion or crowding resolved, absolute rotation, absolute mesial-distal tipping, and absolute torque for both the crown and root. These movements are further examined according to specific tooth types. Both actual observational orthodontic movements and theoretical movements are designed by the Clarity™ System. The accuracy of actual movement in terms of theoretical movements is calculated; however, it is impossible to calculate the significance of these accuracies due to a complete lack of benchmark movement values for the clear aligner market. There are no benchmark values to compare to, so orthodontic movements will be critically examined for performance, and casually compared to alternative aligner systems. Identifying potential weaknesses in the Clarity™ Aligner System is imperative for maximizing its effectiveness.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / It has been proposed that jaw deformation during function may be a contributor to supraosseous tooth eruption. This could be through a transient pressure gradient in the flexed bone and/or tension in the PDL fibers produced by socket deformation. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if forces applied to a fresh frozen canine mandible can lead to occlusal displacement of a tooth. Seven hemisected canine mandibles (14 specimens) were used to test this hypothesis. A force cycle (10 N to 100 N to 300 N) was applied by a Bionix testing machine (MTS TM Systems Corp., Minneapolis, Minn.) to the mandible in three point bending. Digital radiographs were taken at each change in force level using computer digitized radiography (CDR, TM Schick Technologies, Inc., Long Island City, N.Y.). By measuring the relative movement of metal markers (1 mm steel balls) placed into the mandible and the crown of the 2nd premolar, the amount of tooth eruption was calculated. With cyanoacrylate cement (Archer® Instant Bonding Adhesive, Tandy Corp, Ft. Worth, Texas) injected into the PDL space of the same tooth, the test was repeated one week later. These "ankylosed" teeth served as controls. The eruption distances were compared between the experimental and the ankylosed teeth by means of repeated measures analysis of variance. The only significant occlusal displacement was noted as the force was initially raised to 100 N (21.7 ± 40.6 μm). Due to the possible breakdown of the cyanoacrylate cement, the ankylosed teeth also showed evidence of eruption with the continued application of force. Although significant eruption was noted, the displacements were very small. PDL degradation, viscoelastic behavior, measurement of small displacements, limited resolution radiography, and two dimensional analysis are contributing factors to the uncertainty of the results. Further investigation is required to determine if jaw deformation during function is a viable mechanism leading to the occlusal displacement of teeth.

No description available.

No description available.

Occlusion effects result from amplification of low frequency components of body- transmitted sound when the ear canal is occluded with hearing protection devices, hearing aids, or other canal-sealing inserts. Since the occlusion effect will enhance the hearing of bodily- generated sounds and result in distorted perception of one's own voice, many people report annoyance with hearing aids and hearing protectors that produce occlusion effects. Previous research has studied the effects of ear device insertion depth and influence of the location of the bone vibrator, which has typically been used as the excitation stimulus. However, the effects of monaural vs. binaural, ear device material, and different excitation stimuli were not investigated. In this research study, the effect of left/right ear canal on the occlusion effect, which was measured objectively as the sound pressure level difference in dB, was investigated. Also, an experiment to determine the effect of earplug types (differing in material and design), insertion depth, and excitation sources was conducted. Lastly, the noise attenuation capability of medical balloon-based earplugs was tested. Ten subjects, six male and four female, volunteered for the three separate experiments. They were subjected to the three earplug types (foam earplugs, premolded flanged earplugs, and medical balloon-based earplugs), two earplug insertion depth levels of shallow and deep (only feasible with the foam earplug and the balloon-based earplug), and two levels of excitation sources, one of which was a forehead-mounted bone vibrator and the other a self vocal utterance of "EE" to 65 decibels A-weighted (dBA). The attenuation capability of the medical balloon- based earplugs were tested via monaural Real-Ear-Attenuation-at-Threshold (REAT) test per ANSI S3.19-1974 and compared to that of a Peltor H10A earmuff. Experimental results of the first experiment demonstrated that left right ear canal SPL measurements were not statistically different, and therefore subsequent measurements of occlusion effects for the second experiment were conducted via a monaural left ear measurement protocol. The results of the second experiment confirmed significant effects of insertion depth on the occlusion effect. At the shallow insertion, the occlusion effects, on average, were greater by 11.2 dB(linear) (dBZ) then the deep insertion measured at 500 Hz. The effects of earplug type were mixed. At the shallow insertion, earplug type did not influence the occlusion effect. However, the mean occlusion effect, measured at the 1/3-octave band centered at 500 Hz, of deeply inserted balloon-based earplugs was larger than that of foam earplugs by 3.7 dBZ. Excitation sources that were used as the sound energy stimuli to elicit occlusion effects did not show statistically significant differences. The Noise Reduction Rating (NRR), as calculated per ANSI S3.19-1974, of the medical balloon-based earplug was 10 dB while that of a Peltor H10A earmuff was 24 dB. Although the medical balloon-based earplug did not prove to be a high attenuation-hearing protector, it produced a unique flat attenuation across the frequency spectrum, as compared to the typical increasing-with-frequency attenuation, pointing to its potential utility for applications wherein the pitch perception of sound is important. / Ph. D.

Yes / Purpose: To compare full-time occlusion (FTO) and part-time occlusion (PTO) therapy in the treatment of amblyopia, with the secondary aim of evaluating the minimum number of hours of part-time patching required for maximal effect from occlusion. Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Ovid, Web of Science and Cochrane library. Methodological quality of the literature was evaluated according to the Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine and modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Statistical analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 2, Biostat Inc., USA). Results: The present meta-analysis included six studies (three randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and three non-RCTs). Pooled standardized difference in the mean changes in the visual acuity was 0.337 [lower and upper limits: 0.009, 0.683] higher in the FTO as compared to the PTO group; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P ¼ 0.056, Cochrane Q value ¼ 20.4 (P ¼ 0.001), I2 ¼ 75.49%). Egger's regression intercept was 5.46 (P ¼ 0.04). The pooled standardized difference in means of visual acuity changes was 1.097 [lower and upper limits: 0.68, 1.513] higher in the FTO arm (P < 0.001), and 0.7 [lower and upper limits: 0.315, 1.085] higher in the PTO arm (P < 0.001) compared to PTO less than two hours. Conclusions: This meta-analysis shows no statistically significant difference between PTO and FTO in treatment of amblyopia. However, our results suggest that the minimum effective PTO duration, to observe maximal improvement in visual acuity is six hours per day.

A técnica de \"Inflow Occlusion\" pode ser utilizada em cirurgias cardíacas quando se pretende manter o coração aberto apenas por alguns minutos, para realização de pequenos reparos. No entanto, a parada circulatória total, evento decorrente da técnica em questão, pode acarretar severas alterações metabólicas e neurológicas, sendo necessária monitorização trans e pósoperatória do paciente. Neste estudo foram utilizados 12 cães sem raça definida, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos, A e B, submetidos a 7 e 8 minutos de parada circulatória total, respectivamente, utilizando-se da técnica de \"Inflow Occlusion\". Tentou-se estabelecer normotermia dos animais durante os procedimentos cirúrgicos. Foram realizados exames hemogasométricos, e avaliações clínica e neurológica nos momentos preconizados. Alterações neurológicas transitórias foram observadas em ambos os grupos. Ocorreram dois óbitos transoperatórios no grupo B, e um animal do mesmo grupo apresentou cegueira permanente no período pós-operatório. Apesar da acidose metabólica observada durante os procedimentos, o pH, pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono no sangue arterial, e bicarbonato plasmático arterial de ambos os grupos, retornaram aos valores normais após trinta minutos da parada circulatória. Apesar das alterações observadas, é lícito afirmar que o \"Inflow Occlusion\" é seguro por até 7 minutos. Após este período, no entanto, é contra-indicado, segundo resultados obtidos e óbitos transoperatórios relatados. / \"Inflow Occlusion\" technique can be used in heart surgeries when heart is required to be opened just for few minutes, to allow quick repairs. However, circulatory arrest, event occasioned by this technique, can produce serious metabolic and neurologic consequences to the patient, and monitorization on trans, and postoperatory moments is well recommended. In this study, 12 mongrel dogs were used, and were divided into two groups, A and B, submmited to 7 and 8 minutes of total circulatory arrest, respectively, using \"Inflow Occlusion\" technique. Normothermia was tried during surgical procedures. Hemogasometric analysis, and clinical and neurological exams were made, each of them, on the moments established for the experiment. There were some transitory neurological problems related to both groups. There were two transoperatory deaths in group B and one case of permanent blindness in the same group, on postoperatory period. Despite metabolic acidosis occurred during procedures, pH values, arterial dioxide carbon parcial pressure, and arterial plasmatic bicarbonate related to both groups, returned to basal levels thirty minutes after surgery. Even occuring some hemogasometric and neurologic alterations, we can say that \"Inflow Occlusion\" is safe for periods up to 7 minutes. After this period of time, however, it is contraindicated, as seen after these results and because transoperatory deaths.

Um fator importante no estudo da oclusão refere-se à correta detecção da presença de contatos oclusais no lado de balanceio, sua intensidade e localização. No entanto, a maioria dos estudos que se propuseram a detectar a presença de contatos em balanceio, o fizeram utilizando papel carbono em movimentos conduzidos de máxima intercuspidação até topo-a-topo. O objetivo deste estudo foi estudar a frequência de contatos oclusais detectados no lado de balanceio em 42 indivíduos jovens, com idade média de 26 anos comparando dois métodos: 1- durante o ato mastigatório, utilizando como material de registro uma mistura de verniz cavitário e pó de fosfato de zinco; 2- durante movimentos conduzidos, utilizando como material de registro papel carbono. A frequência de contatos oclusais no lado de balanceio durante o ato mastigatório e utilização de verniz, foi de 100%, sendo que 97 % dos pacientes possuíam contatos bilaterais e 3 % apresentaram apenas contatos unilaterais. A frequência de contatos oclusais no lado de balanceio para os mesmos indivíduos, porém, com a utilização de papel carbono e movimentos conduzidos foi de 76%, sendo que 64% dos pacientes possuíam contatos bilaterais, 12% apresentavam apenas contatos unilaterais e 24% dos pacientes não possuíam contatos. Com relação aos métodos empregados, a mistura de verniz cavitário e pó do fosfato de zinco mostrou um número maior estatisticamente significante de marcações comparado ao papel carbono. De acordo com a metodologia empregada, concluiu-se que o verniz se mostrou mais sensível e eficaz por detectar uma quantidade maior de contatos oclusais comparado ao papel carbono. / An important factor in the study of occlusion refers to the correct detection of the occlusal contacts in the balancing side, intensity and location. However, most studies that proposed itself on detect the presence of balancing contacts used carbon paper led movements in maximal intercuspal to topo a topo. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of occlusal contacts in the balancing side in 42 young people, with a mean age of 26 years through two methods: 1 - during the masticatory act, using as registration material a mixture of cavity varnish and dust zinc phosphate, 2 - during movements performed, using as registration material carbon. And assess if the methods show similar results. The frequency of occlusal contacts on the balancing side during the masticatory act and using of varnish, was 100% and 97% of patients had bilateral contacts and 3% had presented only unilateral contacts. The frequency of occlusal contacts on the balancing side for the same individuals, however, by analyzing method with carbon and led movements was 76% and 64% of patients had bilateral contacts, 12% had only unilateral and 24 contacts % of patients had no relation to contacts. Regarding the method study, it presented statistical differences between the methods, regardless of the side studied. All differences point to a greater number of contacts on the coating method, indicating that in general this method detects more markings than the carbon method. According to the methodology, it concluded that the method was more sensitive varnish that carbon method for being able to detect more numbers occlusal contacts than carbon.