Cette recherche clinique vise à explorer le retentissement de l'hypofertilité masculine et de la fécondation in vitro (FIV) sur le fonctionnement psychique des épouses dans le premier centre de consultation FIV en Egypte (1986), en contexte culturel égyptien. Près de 60% des couples qui consultent au Centre FIV présentent le diagnostic d'infertilité d'origine masculine. Nous nous intéressons à comprendre ce qui constitue la spécificité du fonctionnement psychique de ces femmes dans ce contexte culturel où l'infertilité masculine est une pathologie taboue, suscitant la honte familiale, et où seule la FIV homologue- utilisant les gamètes d'un couple marié- est autorisée par la loi. La première hypothèse renvoie à l'existence d'une souffrance psychique chez l'épouse liée au maintien du secret de l'hypofertilité masculine. La seconde hypothèse suppose que le diagnostic et les traitements médicaux sont accompagnés chez l'épouse d'une idéalisation oedipienne de ses propres parents. Notre échantillon est composé de dix femmes âgées de 20 à 40 ans inscrites dans un protocole FIV. Sur le plan méthodologique, nous nous sommes basés sur des entretiens de recherche semi-directifs et sur l'inventaire abrégé de dépression de Beck BDI-13. L'analyse des résultats met en évidence la présence chez les épouses d'un discours de plainte adressé envers leurs conjoints, en même temps que l'expression d'une idéalisation de leurs propres parents. La présence de symptômes de dépression variables est relevée dans l'échantillon. Enfin, la manière dont les femmes s'approprient subjectivement l'expérience de la FIV est un indicateur pertinent de leur équilibre psychique. Pour conclure, cette étude se veut être une recherche-action visant à mettre en place un dispositif clinique au service des femmes et des couples dans une institution médicale, et qui soit adapté à ce contexte culturel particulier. / This study aims at exploring the impact of male subfertility and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) on the psychological functioning of a group of female spouses, in the first Egyptian IVF center in Egypt (1986), within the Egyptian cultural context. Approximately 60% of couples consulting at the Egyptian Center for IVF carry the diagnosis of male factor infertility. We are interested in understanding what constitutes the specificity of the psychological functioning of these women within this cultural context, where male infertility is a taboo pathology provoking family shame, and where only homologous IVF -using a married couple's gametes- is allowed by the law. The first hypothesis states that there is a specific female suffering related to the maintenance of the secret of male subfertility. The second hypothesis assumes that for the wife, the diagnosis disclosure and medical treatments are followed by an oedipal idealization of the her parents. Our sample is composed of ten women aged between 20 and 40 years old, and undergoing an IVF protocol. On the methodological aspect, we have used semi-structured interviews and the 13-Item Beck Depression Inventory. Results indicate the existence of a complain discourse among the wives, addressed towards their husbands, and at the same time an idealization of their own parents. Variable depression symptoms have been observed in our sample. Finally, the way women integrate psychologically the IVF experience is a relevant indicator of their psychological balance. As a conclusion, this study aims at being a research-action, which objective is to elaborate a clinical intervention at the service of women and couples, and suitable to this particular cultural context.

Cette recherche clinique vise à explorer le retentissement de l'hypofertilité masculine et de la fécondation in vitro (FIV) sur le fonctionnement psychique des épouses dans le premier centre de consultation FIV en Egypte (1986), en contexte culturel égyptien. Près de 60% des couples qui consultent au Centre FIV présentent le diagnostic d'infertilité d'origine masculine. Nous nous intéressons à comprendre ce qui constitue la spécificité du fonctionnement psychique de ces femmes dans ce contexte culturel où l'infertilité masculine est une pathologie taboue, suscitant la honte familiale, et où seule la FIV homologue- utilisant les gamètes d'un couple marié- est autorisée par la loi. La première hypothèse renvoie à l'existence d'une souffrance psychique chez l'épouse liée au maintien du secret de l'hypofertilité masculine. La seconde hypothèse suppose que le diagnostic et les traitements médicaux sont accompagnés chez l'épouse d'une idéalisation oedipienne de ses propres parents. Notre échantillon est composé de dix femmes âgées de 20 à 40 ans inscrites dans un protocole FIV. Sur le plan méthodologique, nous nous sommes basés sur des entretiens de recherche semi-directifs et sur l'inventaire abrégé de dépression de Beck BDI-13. L'analyse des résultats met en évidence la présence chez les épouses d'un discours de plainte adressé envers leurs conjoints, en même temps que l'expression d'une idéalisation de leurs propres parents. La présence de symptômes de dépression variables est relevée dans l'échantillon. Enfin, la manière dont les femmes s'approprient subjectivement l'expérience de la FIV est un indicateur pertinent de leur équilibre psychique. Pour conclure, cette étude se veut être une recherche-action visant à mettre en place un dispositif clinique au service des femmes et des couples dans une institution médicale, et qui soit adapté à ce contexte culturel particulier. / This study aims at exploring the impact of male subfertility and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) on the psychological functioning of a group of female spouses, in the first Egyptian IVF center in Egypt (1986), within the Egyptian cultural context. Approximately 60% of couples consulting at the Egyptian Center for IVF carry the diagnosis of male factor infertility. We are interested in understanding what constitutes the specificity of the psychological functioning of these women within this cultural context, where male infertility is a taboo pathology provoking family shame, and where only homologous IVF -using a married couple's gametes- is allowed by the law. The first hypothesis states that there is a specific female suffering related to the maintenance of the secret of male subfertility. The second hypothesis assumes that for the wife, the diagnosis disclosure and medical treatments are followed by an oedipal idealization of the her parents. Our sample is composed of ten women aged between 20 and 40 years old, and undergoing an IVF protocol. On the methodological aspect, we have used semi-structured interviews and the 13-Item Beck Depression Inventory. Results indicate the existence of a complain discourse among the wives, addressed towards their husbands, and at the same time an idealization of their own parents. Variable depression symptoms have been observed in our sample. Finally, the way women integrate psychologically the IVF experience is a relevant indicator of their psychological balance. As a conclusion, this study aims at being a research-action, which objective is to elaborate a clinical intervention at the service of women and couples, and suitable to this particular cultural context.

出版於一九七七年的《鬼店》為史蒂芬‧金的第三部小說，探索的為恐怖文學裡其中一種刻畫，鬼故事。雪倫‧A‧拉塞爾給了一項令人信服的理由，何以她認為《鬼店》是一則鬼故事：「在鬼故事中，恐怖的來源來自於通常出沒某個特定地點的邪惡靈魂。」然而，《鬼店》不僅僅是一部單純的鬼故事小說，根據克萊爾‧韓森與史蒂文‧布拉姆的看法，《鬼店》是一宗可從精神分析角度切入的語言學習與退化案例。 在第一章「導論」裡，我提出本文論點：能否透過清楚說出與理解能力完成符徵(signifier)與符指(signified)的連結，決定了傑克與丹尼各自的命運。第二章「方法論」由我在本文中所用的方法構成，本章說明我如何運用席格蒙‧弗洛伊德的伊底帕斯情結(Oedipus Complex)、雅克‧拉岡的想像界(Imaginary Order)、象徵界(Symbolic Order)、實存 (The Real)、語言作為大他者的論述(Language as the Discourse of the Other)、縫合點(Points de Captions)。第三章欲探討的是傑克與丹尼的伊底帕斯情結，傑克的殞落可追溯至他的童年時期，丹尼的生存則可以他的現況加以分析。第四章「似乎他的生命全靠學習閱讀才得以維持」討論丹尼如何藉由語言學習，從想像界前進到象徵界並打破托倫斯家庭特有的父子關係循環，丹尼漸漸地學習如何連結符徵與符指，清楚地說出與理解這些符指及背後的符徵為丹尼鋪了一條歧異的路，透過這條路丹尼得以存活並成長。第五章「理性的蟄伏」將探討全景飯店如何藉由大他者/小他者的論述(The Discourse of the Other/ the other)誘惑傑克，也探討傑克的瘋狂如何藉由象徵界退化至想像界表現出來，我也會藉由瘋狂的其中一種症狀，不能掌握縫合點：越來越不能連結符徵與符指的情形闡述傑克如何變得偏執於並合理化自己的不當行為，例如殺掉他的妻兒。在第六章「結論」，我將簡述前面五章的要點，幫助讀者釐清本文的宗旨。 / The Shining (1977), Stephen King’s third novel, explores one of the horror genre’s characterizations, the ghost story. Sharon A. Russell gives a convincing reason why she considers The Shining a ghost story: “In the ghost story the origin of the horror comes from evil spirits who usually haunt a specific location.” However, The Shining is not merely a simplistic ghost story. According to Claire Hanson and Steven Bruhm, The Shining is a case of language acquisition and regression from a psycho-analytical perspective. In Chapter One, “Introduction,” I issue my thesis statement that aptitude for articulation and intelligence of the signification determines each of Jack’s and Danny’s destinies. Chapter Two, “Methodology,” consists of the methodology I employ in the analysis of The Shining. That is, how I apply Sigmund Freud’s and Jacques Lacan’s theories, Frued’s Oedipus complex, and Lacan’s three orders, language as the discourse of the Other, and points de caption to this study of The Shining. The exploration of the Oedipus complex for Jack and Danny is Chapter Three’s subject matter. Jack’s downfall can be traced back to his own childhood, and Danny’s survival can be studied in terms of the exploration of his own status quo. In Chapter Four, “As though His Life Depended on Learning to Read,” I discuss Danny’s progression from the imaginary order into the symbolic order and breaking away from “the wounded father-son cycle” (Davenport) in terms of his increasing acquirement of language. That is to say, Danny learns to decipher the signifiers and to make significations between the signifiers and the signifieds. Articulation and intelligence of such signifiers pave a divergent way for Danny as a survivor and an adult in the story.” In Chapter Five, “The Sleep of Reason,” I elaborate upon how the Overlook entrances Jack by means of the discourse of the Other/evil other and how Jack’s insanity can be manifested in terms of his regression from the symbolic order into the imaginary order. I will take advantage of one of the symptoms, failing in the grasp of points de captions, increasingly failing to catch the interdependent relationship between the signifier and the signified, to expound how Jack becomes paranoid and self-justified in his wrongdoing and misbehavior, such as to murder Danny and Wendy in conformity to the former caretaker’s indication. In Chapter Six, “Conclusion,” I summarize the previous points to help the readers further understand the thesis’ purpose.

This thesis analyzes the major theme of ‘postcolonial genealogy’ in portraying the African bending under the weight of colonial history in Le vieux nègre et la médaille, Une vie de boy of Ferdinand Oyono and Le Chercheur d’Afriques of Henri Lopes. Being a product of a colonial Genesis, the African character runs behind the colonizer’s mirror through his Civilizing Mission. René Girard’s ‘double bind’ theory explains how this cultural assimilation is, in Le vieux nègre et la médaille and Une vie de boy, a dead end because the colonizer needs a subordinate and not an equal. The cohabitation of a black housewife with the French Commander in Le Chercheur d’Afriques should be seen as simply an allegory of postcolonial Africa’s dependency on the West. The consequences of the feminization of the African continent are enormous in the post-colonial imaginary. While the colonizer had conquered Africa with his Herculean body, in Oyono’s novels, his Fall is obtained through the aesthetics of Bakhtinian ‘rabaissement’ which degrades his ‘grotesque body’ to that of the colonized. The colonizer and the colonized are neutralized and leveled in their perishable bodies, thus, making futile the Civilizing Mission that operated by ranking races. Power is never total. It is always imperfect, and can never destroy a subjectivity that resists it. In Oyono’s novels, the Fall of the colonial Father is also obtained through the inquisitive gaze that the colonized return back to the colonizer, and through their ‘subversive mimicry’ that parodies his codes. In Une vie de boy and Le Chercheur d’Afriques, the ‘son-Father’ relationship between the hero and the colonial Father, is also symbolic of the ‘Africa-West’ rapports. Living under the specter of the Father, the son has to negotiate his survival between weaning and parricide. The biological miscegenation in Le Chercheur d’Afriques is a metaphor of the ‘rhizome identity’ of the postcolonial African who renounces both the Fathers of Negritude and those of the Civilizing Mission. / Thesis (Ph.D, French) -- Queen's University, 2011-06-24 12:43:30.006