Satellite wind vector data is integral to atmospheric models and forecasts. Currently, the limited refresh rate of global wind vector measurement systems makes it difficult to observe diurnal variation of mesoscale processes. Using advancements in the underlying subsystem technologies, new satellite wind scatterometers may be possible that increase temporal resolution, among other performance metrics. I propose a method for parametrically modeling the extreme performance range of a complex system. I use this method to develop a model of the space of possible satellite wind scatterometer designs. I validate the model using point designs of heritage scatterometers. Finally, I present two example concepts for constellations of cooperative satellite wind scatterometers capable of measuring global ocean surface vector winds every hour for the same total cost as a single heritage scatterometer.

Due to the rapid development of technology, the AEC industry in Sweden havebeen struggling to string along it. The demand from authorities to use BIM in theindustry are increasing and the respond from companies are minimal. The buildingprocess uses to be spanned over several phases and the early design phase is wherefocus is lied on mostly in this thesis. Here can several actors as architects, engineersetc. be involved. Lack of communication and lack of coordination between the partshave an important impact on the outcome and therefore BIM was developed. In theearly designing phase, the project takes it shape and approximated calculations andanalysis have to made. Usually the results from the early design phase dier from theanalytical analysis that are made later and the costs of projects increases. However,many new tools have come along the way with that development which makes itpossible to make energy optimization an even more ecient practice. Therefore, thisthesis has been chosen to investigate the dierent energy possibilities and outcomesduring the early design stage, in the aspect of daylight and energy simulations. Asimple test building was constructed in Stockholm, Sweden. The building is formedin a way that allows various material parameters to be altered in order to study theimpacts of the annual energy distribution. This thesis will shed more light on why itis important to develop the methods of energy simulations in the early design phase,and it's done by using the latest state of the art tools. A newly developed VPL toolnamed Dynamo together with the design tool Autodesk Revit and Green BuildingStudio is used in the simulation process. A script will be coded in the Dynamotool that will determine and allow the parameter variations of the building model inRevit. A comparison of 4 dierent case studies is graphically presented at the end.Even though the result was quite expected, the aim of this thesis was rather to serveas an example of how the tools of Dynamo and Revit can successfully coop-orate.

The aim of this study is to model three dimensional surface crack problems in fillet welds. It is assumed that weld material has the same material properties with the sheet metals. The surface crack is considered to occur at two regions / one at the weld root and the other at the weld toe. The surface crack is assumed to have a semi &ndash / elliptical crack front profile. The surface crack problem is analyzed under mechanical loading and the models are built up by three dimensional finite elements. Around the crack front, strain singularity is taken into account by using degenerated 20 &ndash / node quarter &ndash / point solid elements. The main results of this work are the stress intensity factors around the crack front for the test specimen model subjected to axial and bending loads.

The process of taking a solid model and producing a machined part requires the time and skillset of a range of professionals, and several hours of part review, process planning, and production. Much of this time is spent creating a methodical step-by-step process plan for creating the part from stock. The work presented here is part of a software package that performs automated process planning for a solid model. This software is capable of not only greatly decreasing the planning time for part production, but also give valuable feedback about the part to the designer, as a time and cost associated with manufacturing the part. In order to generate these parameters, we must simulate all aspects of creating the part. Presented here are models that replicate these aspects. For milling, an automatic tool selection method is presented. Given this tooling, another model uses specific information about the part to generate a tool path length. A machining simulation model calculates relevant parameters, and estimates a time for machining given the tool and tool path determined previously. This time value, along with the machining parameters, is used to estimate the wear to the tooling used in the process. Using the machining time and the tool wear a cost for the process can be determined. Other models capture the time of non-machining production times, and all times are combined with billing rates of machines and operators to present an overall cost for machining a feature on a part. If several such features are required to create the part, these models are applied to each feature, until a complete process plan has been created. Further post processing of the process plan is required. Using a list of available machines, this work considers creating the part on all machines, or any combination of these machines. Candidates for creating the part on specific machines are generated and filtered based on time and cost to keep only the best candidates. These candidates can be returned to the user, who can evaluate, and choose, one candidate. Results are presented for several example parts. / text

A presente tese propõe um modelo geométrico paramétrico para a geração, baseada em regras, da geometria do projetos de Habitação de Interesse Social, HIS, adequada à realidade socioeconômica brasileira. A definição do modelo partiu da análise dos padrões existentes na morfologia dos projetos arquitetônicos de uma amostra da produção de HIS de Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) e Região Metropolitana. A identificação destes padrões serviu para acessar os limites de variação e qualificação do projeto da HIS. Foram utilizadas representações adimensionais associadas a grafos de adjacência para descrição das relações espaciais mais freqüentes em dois níveis distintos porém relacionados - para o equipamento e para os compartimentos. O modelo de Gramáticas da Forma serviu à descrição das regras de composição e configuração do espaço e seus componentes. A análise comparativa do corpus e das necessidades programáticas forneceu a variação admissível dos parâmetros dimensionais. A implementação computacional do modelo geométrico resultante permitiu a exploração das variações paramétricas das alternativas de configuração de projeto. Os resultados permitiram verificar uma homogeneidade da estrutura sintática do corpus que ultrapassa os limites tipológicos. Parte das diferenças existentes entre os elementos da amostra podem ser atribuídas a variações paramétricas das partes e a sua influência mútua na composição da área total e da forma da unidade habitacional. Variações paramétricas de uma configuração podem servir para adaptar a inserção da unidade habitacional no lote ou no edifício. A aplicabilidade do modelo geométrico paramétrico pode ser vista sob dois aspectos interrelacionados: como matriz generativa para o desenvolvimento de projetos mais adequados a problemas específicos e, conseqüentemente, e como uma alternativa a padronização da produção habitacional. / This thesis proposes a parametric geometrical model for the rule-based generation of the configurational geometry of social housing architectural designs, suitable to the Brazilian socioeconomic context. The model was based on analysis of existing patterns identified in the morphology of architectural designs from a sample of the social housing production in Porto Alegre and Metropolitan Area. The identification of these patterns was intended to access the limits of variation and qualification of social housing designs. The association between dimensionless representations and adjacency graphs was used for the description of spatial relations in two distinguished but related levels: for the furniture and the rooms. The shape grammars model was used to describe the geometrical rules governing the composition and configuration of the space and its components. The comparative analysis of the corpus and functional needs enabled to identify the admissible variation of the dimensional parameters. The computational implementation of the resulting geometrical model allowed the exploration of the parametric variations in the design configuration alternatives. The results showed homogeneity of syntactic structure of the corpus, which overcomes the typological limits.! Part of the differences between the elements of the sample may be attributed to the parametric variations in rooms and their mutual influence on the composition of the total area and the shape of the housing unit. The parametric variations in a design can also enable setting the location of the housing unit on a plot or in a building. The application of the parametric geometrical model can be seen in two interrelated aspects: as a generative matrix for the development of projects best suited to specific problems, and consequently, as an alternative to the standardization of housing production.

A presente tese propõe um modelo geométrico paramétrico para a geração, baseada em regras, da geometria do projetos de Habitação de Interesse Social, HIS, adequada à realidade socioeconômica brasileira. A definição do modelo partiu da análise dos padrões existentes na morfologia dos projetos arquitetônicos de uma amostra da produção de HIS de Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) e Região Metropolitana. A identificação destes padrões serviu para acessar os limites de variação e qualificação do projeto da HIS. Foram utilizadas representações adimensionais associadas a grafos de adjacência para descrição das relações espaciais mais freqüentes em dois níveis distintos porém relacionados - para o equipamento e para os compartimentos. O modelo de Gramáticas da Forma serviu à descrição das regras de composição e configuração do espaço e seus componentes. A análise comparativa do corpus e das necessidades programáticas forneceu a variação admissível dos parâmetros dimensionais. A implementação computacional do modelo geométrico resultante permitiu a exploração das variações paramétricas das alternativas de configuração de projeto. Os resultados permitiram verificar uma homogeneidade da estrutura sintática do corpus que ultrapassa os limites tipológicos. Parte das diferenças existentes entre os elementos da amostra podem ser atribuídas a variações paramétricas das partes e a sua influência mútua na composição da área total e da forma da unidade habitacional. Variações paramétricas de uma configuração podem servir para adaptar a inserção da unidade habitacional no lote ou no edifício. A aplicabilidade do modelo geométrico paramétrico pode ser vista sob dois aspectos interrelacionados: como matriz generativa para o desenvolvimento de projetos mais adequados a problemas específicos e, conseqüentemente, e como uma alternativa a padronização da produção habitacional. / This thesis proposes a parametric geometrical model for the rule-based generation of the configurational geometry of social housing architectural designs, suitable to the Brazilian socioeconomic context. The model was based on analysis of existing patterns identified in the morphology of architectural designs from a sample of the social housing production in Porto Alegre and Metropolitan Area. The identification of these patterns was intended to access the limits of variation and qualification of social housing designs. The association between dimensionless representations and adjacency graphs was used for the description of spatial relations in two distinguished but related levels: for the furniture and the rooms. The shape grammars model was used to describe the geometrical rules governing the composition and configuration of the space and its components. The comparative analysis of the corpus and functional needs enabled to identify the admissible variation of the dimensional parameters. The computational implementation of the resulting geometrical model allowed the exploration of the parametric variations in the design configuration alternatives. The results showed homogeneity of syntactic structure of the corpus, which overcomes the typological limits.! Part of the differences between the elements of the sample may be attributed to the parametric variations in rooms and their mutual influence on the composition of the total area and the shape of the housing unit. The parametric variations in a design can also enable setting the location of the housing unit on a plot or in a building. The application of the parametric geometrical model can be seen in two interrelated aspects: as a generative matrix for the development of projects best suited to specific problems, and consequently, as an alternative to the standardization of housing production.

A presente tese propõe um modelo geométrico paramétrico para a geração, baseada em regras, da geometria do projetos de Habitação de Interesse Social, HIS, adequada à realidade socioeconômica brasileira. A definição do modelo partiu da análise dos padrões existentes na morfologia dos projetos arquitetônicos de uma amostra da produção de HIS de Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) e Região Metropolitana. A identificação destes padrões serviu para acessar os limites de variação e qualificação do projeto da HIS. Foram utilizadas representações adimensionais associadas a grafos de adjacência para descrição das relações espaciais mais freqüentes em dois níveis distintos porém relacionados - para o equipamento e para os compartimentos. O modelo de Gramáticas da Forma serviu à descrição das regras de composição e configuração do espaço e seus componentes. A análise comparativa do corpus e das necessidades programáticas forneceu a variação admissível dos parâmetros dimensionais. A implementação computacional do modelo geométrico resultante permitiu a exploração das variações paramétricas das alternativas de configuração de projeto. Os resultados permitiram verificar uma homogeneidade da estrutura sintática do corpus que ultrapassa os limites tipológicos. Parte das diferenças existentes entre os elementos da amostra podem ser atribuídas a variações paramétricas das partes e a sua influência mútua na composição da área total e da forma da unidade habitacional. Variações paramétricas de uma configuração podem servir para adaptar a inserção da unidade habitacional no lote ou no edifício. A aplicabilidade do modelo geométrico paramétrico pode ser vista sob dois aspectos interrelacionados: como matriz generativa para o desenvolvimento de projetos mais adequados a problemas específicos e, conseqüentemente, e como uma alternativa a padronização da produção habitacional. / This thesis proposes a parametric geometrical model for the rule-based generation of the configurational geometry of social housing architectural designs, suitable to the Brazilian socioeconomic context. The model was based on analysis of existing patterns identified in the morphology of architectural designs from a sample of the social housing production in Porto Alegre and Metropolitan Area. The identification of these patterns was intended to access the limits of variation and qualification of social housing designs. The association between dimensionless representations and adjacency graphs was used for the description of spatial relations in two distinguished but related levels: for the furniture and the rooms. The shape grammars model was used to describe the geometrical rules governing the composition and configuration of the space and its components. The comparative analysis of the corpus and functional needs enabled to identify the admissible variation of the dimensional parameters. The computational implementation of the resulting geometrical model allowed the exploration of the parametric variations in the design configuration alternatives. The results showed homogeneity of syntactic structure of the corpus, which overcomes the typological limits.! Part of the differences between the elements of the sample may be attributed to the parametric variations in rooms and their mutual influence on the composition of the total area and the shape of the housing unit. The parametric variations in a design can also enable setting the location of the housing unit on a plot or in a building. The application of the parametric geometrical model can be seen in two interrelated aspects: as a generative matrix for the development of projects best suited to specific problems, and consequently, as an alternative to the standardization of housing production.

[pt] Há uma crescente demanda por soluções enxutas na indústria da construção. Para atingir esse objetivo, não apenas a solução final deve ser eficiente, mas também todo o processo deve ter sua eficiencia melhorada. A metodologia BIM associada à colaboração entre engenheiros e arquitetos no processo de projeto é vista como uma forma the gerar soluções mais eficientes e enxutas. Contudo, as pesquisas têm focado no desenvolvimento e no uso de softwares de modelagem 3D e pouca atenção tem sido dada a interação entre as equipes de projeto. Neste trabalho, um processo de projeto é proposto para facilitar a integração entre o projeto estrutural e o projeto arquitetônico nas fases iniciais do desenvolvimento do projeto. A filosofia proposta pode ser estendida para melhorar a integração entre o projetos de arquitetura e os projetos de outras áreas como instalações hidráulicas e elétrica. Para auxiliar na implementação do processo proposto, um plugin, chamado ConDA, foi desenvolvido para o software Autodesk Revit. A ferramenta desenvolvida permite que o arquiteto verifique de forma preliminar estruturas de concreto armado. Ao se utilizar o ConDA, essa verificação é antecipada dentro do processo de projeto, evitando a concepção the estruturas inviáveis e facilitando a comunicação entre engenheiros estruturais e arquitetos. O plugin foi testado por vinte e quatro arquitetos que avaliaram a sua usabilidade e seus benefícios em reduzir tempo e esforço gastos nos projetos arquitetônicos. As principais contribuições do aplicativo apontadas pelos entrevistados foram a melhoria na comunicação entre engenheiros estruturais e arquitetos, e a redução no número de revisões de projeto, o que consequentemente reduzem o tempo gasto no projeto. A partir dos comentários dos entrevistados também foi possível concluir que o plugin é uma ferramenta útil no ensino de projeto de arquitetura, ajudando o aluno a desenvolver suas habilidades estruturais. Os resultados do teste ratificaram a hipótese de que o processo de projeto auxiliado pelo ConDA tem sua qualidade e eficiência aumentadas. / [en] There is an increasing demand for lean solutions in the construction industry. To achieve this, not only the final solution must be efficient, but the whole process also needs to have its efficiency improved. The BIM methodology with the collaboration between engineers and architects in the design process is viewed as a way of generating more efficient and lean solutions. However, much of the research effort has focused in the development and usage of 3D modeling software packages rather than in the direction of integrating the design teams. In this work, a design process is proposed to facilitate the integration between the structural design and the architectural design at the early stages of the process. The proposed philosophy can be extended to enable better integration between the architectural design and other design areas, such as mechanical and electrical systems. To help the implementation of the proposed process a plugin, named ConDA, was developed for the Software Autodesk Revit. The developed tool allows the architect to perform preliminary verifications of reinforced concrete structures. The use of ConDA anticipates this verification to an earlier stage in the design process, which avoids the conception of unfeasible structures and facilitates the communication between architects and structural engineers. The plugin was tested by twenty-four architects. They evaluated its usability and the benefits in reducing the time and effort spent in the architectural design. ConDA s main contributions, according to the architects interviewed, is the improvement of the communication between architect and structural engineer, and the reduction of the number of design reviews and, consequently, the reduction of time spent during the design. The comments given by the interviewees also indicate that the plugin can be a useful tool in education by helping architectural students improve their structural design skills. The results of the test ratified the hypothesis that the ConDA assisted design process can increase the quality and efficiency of the architectural design process.

Apache Hadoop is an open source framework that delivers reliable, scalable, and distributed computing. Hadoop services are provided for distributed data storage, data processing, data access, and security. MapReduce is the heart of the Hadoop framework and was designed to process vast amounts of data distributed over a large number of nodes. MapReduce has been used extensively to process structured and unstructured data in diverse fields such as e-commerce, web search, social networks, and scientific computation. Understanding the characteristics of Hadoop MapReduce workloads is the key to achieving improved configurations and refining system throughput. Thus far, MapReduce workload characterization in a large-scale production environment has not been well studied. In this thesis project, the focus is mainly on composing a Hadoop cluster (as an execution environment for data processing) to analyze two types of Hadoop MapReduce (MR) jobs via a proposed coordination framework. This coordination framework is referred to as a workload translator. The outcome of this work includes: (1) a parametric workload model for the target MR jobs, (2) a cluster specification to develop an improved cluster deployment strategy using the model and coordination framework, and (3) better scheduling and hence better performance of jobs (i.e. shorter job completion time). We implemented a prototype of our solution using Apache Tomcat on (OpenStack) Ubuntu Trusty Tahr, which uses RESTful APIs to (1) create a Hadoop cluster version 2.7.2 and (2) to scale up and scale down the number of workers in the cluster. The experimental results showed that with well tuned parameters, MR jobs can achieve a reduction in the job completion time and improved utilization of the hardware resources. The target audience for this thesis are developers. As future work, we suggest adding additional parameters to develop a more refined workload model for MR and similar jobs. / Apache Hadoop är ett öppen källkods system som levererar pålitlig, skalbar och distribuerad användning. Hadoop tjänster hjälper med distribuerad data förvaring, bearbetning, åtkomst och trygghet. MapReduce är en viktig del av Hadoop system och är designad att bearbeta stora data mängder och även distribuerad i flera leder. MapReduce är använt extensivt inom bearbetning av strukturerad och ostrukturerad data i olika branscher bl. a e-handel, webbsökning, sociala medier och även vetenskapliga beräkningar. Förståelse av MapReduces arbetsbelastningar är viktiga att få förbättrad konfigurationer och resultat. Men, arbetsbelastningar av MapReduce inom massproduktions miljö var inte djup-forskat hittills. I detta examensarbete, är en hel del fokus satt på ”Hadoop cluster” (som en utförande miljö i data bearbetning) att analysera två typer av Hadoop MapReduce (MR) arbeten genom ett tilltänkt system. Detta system är refererad som arbetsbelastnings översättare. Resultaten från denna arbete innehåller: (1) en parametrisk arbetsbelastningsmodell till inriktad MR arbeten, (2) en specifikation att utveckla förbättrad kluster strategier med båda modellen och koordinations system, och (3) förbättrad planering och arbetsprestationer, d.v.s kortare tid att utföra arbetet. Vi har realiserat en prototyp med Apache Tomcat på (OpenStack) Ubuntu Trusty Tahr som använder RESTful API (1) att skapa ”Hadoop cluster” version 2.7.2 och (2) att båda skala upp och ner antal medarbetare i kluster. Forskningens resultat har visat att med vältrimmad parametrar, kan MR arbete nå förbättringar dvs. sparad tid vid slutfört arbete och förbättrad användning av hårdvara resurser. Målgruppen för denna avhandling är utvecklare. I framtiden, föreslår vi tilläggning av olika parametrar att utveckla en allmän modell för MR och liknande arbeten.

[pt] Atualmente o processo que envolve a construção de um empreendimento é baseado em documentos impressos e desconexos. Há uma tendência global de que um mesmo projeto seja elaborado por diversas empresas e diferentes equipes, porém, as ferramentas computacionais que são utilizadas ainda são as mesmas de décadas atrás. Devido a essa mudança de paradigma, a metodologia conhecida como modelagem da informação da construção, BIM, vem aos poucos ganhando aceitação na área de AEC (Arquitetura, Engenharia e Construção). Motivada por esse processo de transição, essa dissertação tem como objetivo estudar e avaliar algumas das ferramentas computacionais disponíveis no mercado que são utilizadas na implementação da metodologia BIM. Essa avaliação é feita a partir do projeto de um empreendimento real que foi feito utilizando a metodologia tradicional, isto é, documentos 2D independentes. O projeto é modelado em 3D com uma base de dados integrada de acordo com a metodologia BIM. O projeto baseado no modelo 3D é então comparado com o projeto original. Ao término desse estudo são obtidos exemplos reais dos benefícios da modelagem 3D parametrizada. Uma série de deficiências são detectadas nos documentos 2D originais, o que não teria acontecido caso a metodologia BIM fosse usada desde o início do projeto. Além disso, é avaliada a integração entre uma ferramenta de modelagem 3D estrutural (Autodesk Revit Structure 2012) e um software de análise estrutural (Autodesk Robot 2012). Estratégias de integração são testadas e as melhores práticas são descritas em detalhe. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o uso da metodologia é promissor e sua implementação deve ser seriamente considerada no Brasil. / [en] Currently the process involved in the construction of a facility remains fragmented and dependent on paper-based communication modes. There is a global trend where a single project may be developed by different companies and may involve several teams of specialists. However, the computational tools that are still in use are the same as the ones being used for decades. Due to this paradigm shift, a methodology known as Building Information Modeling, BIM, has been gaining acceptance in the AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) area. Motivated by this process of transition, this thesis aims to study and evaluate some of the computational tools available in the market that are used to implement the BIM methodology. This assessment is made using the design of an actual facility, which is done using the traditional 2D design methodology, i.e., disjoint 2D documents. The project is modeled in 3D with using integrated database according to the BIM methodology. The resulting project is then compared to the original project. At the end of this study, real examples of the benefits of parameterized 3D modeling are obtained. Several inconsistencies in the original design documents are observed, which would not have occurred if the BIM methodology had been used from the beginning of the project. In addition, the integration between a 3D structural modeling tool (Autodesk Revit Structure 2012) and a structural analysis tool (Autodesk Robot 2012) is evaluated. Integration strategies are tested and the best practices are described in detail. The findings of this work suggest the use of the BIM methodology is promising and support its use in Brazil.