This thesis seeks to explore the human security threats that AIDS constitute to the West African people. West Africa has been badly hit by the AIDS epidemic and studies conducted have situated the discourse as a public health issue only. This thesis challenges that assertion by exploring the complex issues and linkages of HIV/AIDS, Conflict and Human Security in West Africa. Using peacekeepers, women and children as case studies, this thesis analyzed and identified a model for human security in West Africa with a particular emphasis on the right to health and access to anti-retroviral drugs in view of the astronomical rise in the growth of HIV/AIDS in the West African region.

This thesis seeks to explore the human security threats that AIDS constitute to the West African people. West Africa has been badly hit by the AIDS epidemic and studies conducted have situated the discourse as a public health issue only. This thesis challenges that assertion by exploring the complex issues and linkages of HIV/AIDS, Conflict and Human Security in West Africa. Using peacekeepers, women and children as case studies, this thesis analyzed and identified a model for human security in West Africa with a particular emphasis on the right to health and access to anti-retroviral drugs in view of the astronomical rise in the growth of HIV/AIDS in the West African region.

Titles: Power, Ideas, Identity: China's Growing Engagement in UN Peacekeeping Operations Abstract Since China's reform and opening-up, China has taken concrete steps to integrate into the international community. China's role and influence within the international organization are in the midst of an evolution. Before, China has remained outside and reluctant to join US-led international organizations, but nowadays, China becomes the firm upholder of current multilateral organizations. The UN Peacekeeping Operations provides a prominent example. China has earlier doubted the role of the UN and upholds strong opposition to PKOs. After China restored its legal seat in the UN in 1971, it took a wait-and-see attitude toward PKOs. In the late 1980s, with China's internal political and economic reform and changes in the international environment, China began to reconsider the UN's role in maintaining international peace and security. Subsequently, China gradually supported and took part in PKOs. Since the twenty-first century, China has been even more committed to peacekeeping. This thesis attempts to identify the key factors motivating China's active engagement in PKOs in the 21st century. This thesis figures out three factors are power, ideas, and identity. On the role of power, this thesis adopts a rationalist...

This study in political science examines the UN adopted resolution 1970 (2011) and resolution 1973 (2011) on the basis of foreign policy decision-making. The study aims to explain how the UN principle of Responsibility to Protect came to be legitimized for the first time by the UN Security Council in the Libya conflict in 2011. By a poliheuristic perspective the study attempt to explain Russia and China’s acting in the voting of resolution 1970 and resolution 1973. The background to the conflict in Libya 2011 is presented in the study as well as the Security Council’s actions during the conflict, from the beginning of the conflict until the adoption of resolution 1973. The study is based on an argument analysis to crystallize the most important arguments from Russia and China’s statements regarding resolution 1970 and resolution 1973. The results of the research shows that the adoption of resolution 1973 and therefore a military intervention in Libya in 2011 can be explained, from a poliheuristic perspective, primarily by the few political options and decision-making dimensions actors have to choose from when making decisions.

This study is concerned with Canadas policy towards peace, security and development in Africa. It examines Canadas response to these issues in relation to the New Partnership for Africas Development (NEPAD), the African Union Peace and Security Architecture (APSA), and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Security Mechanism. With the intensification of violent conflicts in parts of Africa and their impact on individuals, communities, and socioeconomic development, African leaders transformed the OAU into the AU and established APSA to promote regional and human security in Africa. At the sub-regional level, West African leaders established the ECOWAS Security Mechanism to address the (human) security deficit in the West Africa region. These institutional transformations coincided with the launching of the NEPAD, which became one of the central instruments of engagement between Africa and the international community to address the peace, security and development challenges on the African continent. Canadas response to the NEPAD under the Liberal government of Jean Chrtien came in the form of a $500 million Canada fund for Africa (CFA) that among other things supported the capacity building of APSA and the ECOWAS Security Mechanism. The promotion of human security played a key role in Canadas approach to the AU and ECOWAS peace and security capacity building. I use a non-imperial internationalist approach that draws on the theoretical insights of a constructivist approach to international relations to provide an understanding of the Canadian governments policy. I argue that the Canadian governments policy towards the AU and ECOWAS can be understood in terms of the moral identity that Canada has built or acquired over the years in Africa. While this moral identity provides the means through which Canadian interests are pursued in Africa, it appears that the interest in maintaining this image has overshadowed the need for the Canadian government to craft an overarching policy and put resources behind the rhetoric of promoting peace and security, particularly human security in Africa.

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Denna uppsats är utbildningsfilosofisk studie i Foucaults anda om lärare och elevers uppfattning om vilka egenskaper, kompetenser och befogenheter som lärare behöver i sitt arbete för att skapa ordning och reda i klassrummet.Syfte är att undersöka vilka faktorer som, enligt lärare och elever, bidrar till upprätthållandet av ordning i skolan. Jag har undersökt två skolor, både lärare och elever och ställt frågor om hur läraren uppnår ordning i klassrummet. Frågeställningen som undersökts har varit: 1. Vilka personliga egenskaper anser a) lärare; b) elever att en lärare behöver för att skapa ordning och reda i klassrummet? 2. Vilka verktyg och kompetenser anser a) lärare; b) elever att en lärare behöver för att skapa ordning och reda i klassrummet? 3. Vilka formella och juridiska befogenheter anser a) lärare; b) elever att en lärare behöver för att skapa ordning och reda i klassrummet? 4. Vilka är, enligt lärare och elever, de vanligaste störande momenten i klassrummet? 5. Hur bör, enligt lärarna, skolledningen agera/stödja för att tillgodose lärarna i dess olika egenskaper, kompetenser och befogenheter?Metoden har varit att bearbeta enkätfrågorna i ett statistikprogram (SPSS) och där ta fram univariat-/ bivaria- & multivariat analyser, först och främst i form av independent - samples t-test, Korrelationer (Spearman r), samt Cronbach´s Alpha i form av reliabilitetstester.Resultatet visar på lärare anser att egenskaper som: rättvis, tydlig, ärlig, kunnig, inspirerande och erfaren är centrala i arbetet med ordningsfrågan, medans elever föredrar egenskaper som: tydlig, kreativ, entusiastisk, kunnig, inspirerande och karismatiska egenskaper som är allra viktigast hos läraren. Enligt både lärare och elever är skolans största störningsmoment i klassrummet: sena ankomster, ogiltig mobiltelefonanvändning, ej inlämnade prov/läxor, samt elever som gör annat under lektionen. Enligt lärarna vill man att skolledningen stödjer genom att integrera och förtydliga ordningsreglerna i samverkan med lärarna. Även vill lärarna att man än mer får stöd i form av elevhälsoteam och ges möjlighet till kompetensutveckling. / This paper is an educational philosophical study of Foucault's spirit of teachers and students' perception of the qualities, skills and competences that teachers need in their work to create order in the classroom.The study examines the factors that, according to teachers and students, contribute to the maintenance of order in the school. By using survey questionnaires I examined two schools, both teachers and students, and raised questions about how the teacher attains order in the classroom. The research questions are: 1.What personal qualities do teacher needs to create order in the classroom? 2. Which tools and skills do teacher needs to create order in the classroom? 3. What are the formal and legal powers teachers needs to create order in the classroom? 4. What are, according to teachers and students, the most common disturbing moments in the classroom? 5. How should, according to the teachers, the school management action / support the teachers in its various characteristics, skills and competences?The method has been to process the survey questions in a statistical software (SPSS) and which produce univariat- / bivaria- & multivariate analysis, primarily in the form of independent - samples t-test, correlations (Spearman r), and Alpha in Cronbach's form of reliability tests.The results show that teachers feel that features such as: fair, clear, honest, knowledgeable, inspiring and experienced are central in the work of order, while students prefer properties: clear, creative, enthusiastic, knowledgeable, inspiring and charismatic qualities that are most important in the teacher.According to both teachers and students is the school's biggest distraction in the classroom: late arrivals, invalid mobile phone use, not submitting the test / homework, and students who do other things during the lesson. Teachers want the school management support them by integrating and clarify the standards of conduct in cooperation with teachers. Even the teachers want to get more support in the form of student health team and the opportunity for professional development.

This research analyses the role of multi-stakeholder partnerships in enhancing governance to promote sustainable peace and security. It uses a case study of coltan exploitation and armed conflict in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where the two wars between 1996 and 2003 and the ongoing conflict have led to the ‘world’s worst humanitarian crisis’. The current body of knowledge on conflict analyses, particularly ‘resource curse’ theory, emphasises the natural resource endowment and weak governance as the main factors contributing to the DRC conflict, and has been influential in policy formulation. The case study is supported by the collection and analysis of qualitative data from multiple sources using different methods including literature reviews, interviews and observations. In so doing, the research seeks to examine how multi-stakeholder partnerships can help to enhance governance and promote sustainable peace and security, with a focus on the role of the multi-stakeholder partnerships in curtailing revenues for the belligerents from coltan production and trade in the eastern DRC. The analysis of the conflicts and coltan exploitation revealed the intricate multi-layered nature of the conflicts in the DRC and their complex causalities. The examination of the multi-stakeholder partnerships relevant to coltan exploitation in the DRC identified a number of constraints for their implementation and concerns about adverse effects from the implementation, largely owing to the externally driven agenda of the partnerships, which neglects the local perspectives. Through the arguments presented in this thesis, the research contributes to knowledge in three broad areas: it contributes to ongoing academic discussions on conflict analyses, in particular the resource curse hypothesis and the economic agendas of civil war; it provides empirical analysis and data on the coltan industry and partnership initiatives in relation to armed conflicts in the eastern DRC; and it highlights the need to re-assess the concept of participatory governance as one of the key approaches to improving governance.

(anglický jazyk) The purpose of this thesis is to clarify the activities of United Nations' peacekeep-ing operations and thus provide an answer to the question of how and with what results they contribute to providing international peace and security. The work deals with peace-keeping operations appointed under UN Security Council resolutions. I chose this topic because of the great importance of peacekeeping operations status within UN activities and because of the interest in clarifying the role of their impact on world peace and security. This thesis is composed of five chapters. The first one deals with the role of the United Nations and its position within the international peace and security. The second chapter focuses on the definition of basic terminology that most often occurs in relation to the characteristics of UN peacekeeping operations and distinguishes them from each other. The third chapter defines their types and provides the role of peacekeeping operations by showing the essential characteristics of their development, mandate, and working princi-ples. The fourth chapter presents the issue of formation of the peacekeeping operation start-ing with the process of its establishment, continuing with the law applicable to the opera-tion, ending with its financing. The fifth chapter...

Student Number : 0411745T - MA research report - School of International Relations - Faculty of Humanities / The debate about companies in conflict zones and how they link with human rights violations has gained more attention recently in both business and International Relations. As a result of negative role played by some of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in conflict zones, the profile of business in conflict prevention, governance and democratization has become more defined. This is due to the outcry concerning the activities of MNCs in conflict zones. The international community has vigorously campaigned for effective regimes to guide the conduct of MNCs in conflicts. The aim of this thesis is to figure out both direct and indirect role that the MNCs played in conflict areas such as Angola where there are massive abuse of human rights. The increase in foreign direct investment has created a myriad of opportunities for expansion within developing countries such as Angola, the study wants to make intense analysis of that expansion in zones of conflict as to whether companies are a force for good or not, deriving empirical evidence of Angola.