Continues Integration has been a vital part of software development process in order to make the development process fast and reliable. There are number of actors which play an important role with support of third party tools that helps the development process to be effective and productive in nature. The CI- toolchain is capable of doing much more than the compilation of the software project which covers the daily life tasks of the developers like testing, documentation etc. The important part of automated toolchain is the conversion of source code artifacts into executables with the help of the build system. The selection of proper build system is a matter of subjective in nature and it depends upon the number of factors that should be analyzed before proceeding forward towards the selection mechanism. This thesis focuses on software rebuilding and proves practically with experiments that could help developers and managers to decide between two important software build systems SCons and CMake. It has been experimentally proved that what are the conditions and situations where SCons performs better and what are the moments where it is wise to select CMake as a build tool. At first, individual build tools are evaluated in terms of scalability, conveniency, consistency, correctness, performance (in terms of speed and targets) and later, the build systems are experimented by automating the workflow by increasing the source code artifacts to evaluate the performance when there is limited user interaction. The behavior of the build systems are also tried with other third party tools like Tessy for testing purposes, Jenkins as CI server, and Polarion as requirement engineering tool to show how much effort is required to integrate third party tools with the build system in order to increase the functionality. The evaluation of the build systems is important because that will highlights the areas where potential candidates are better and where there is lack of functional specifications. Generally speaking, SCons has an advantage of being Pythonic in nature and provides the developer ease of use to specify the build configurations using programmatic skills. CMake on other hand are on top of shelves where there is no need to understanding and caring about the underlying platform and where developers want to generate the native build tool solutions which are readily available for exporting them into IDEs. Though both of the build systems has different goals, for example SCons is ready to sacrifices the performance while providing user correctness of the build while CMake focuses on generating native build tools by understanding the underlying platform. All of these types of situations are discussed with experiments in this thesis and serves as the practical guides for high level managers to decide the build tools among others. After evaluation, this thesis firstly suggests the general techniques where the bottlenecks could be covered and then build tool specific optimizations and recommendations are discussed to speed-up the development process.

Sustainable manufacturing is becoming increasingly important due to scarcity of natural resources, stricter regulations and increasing customer demand for sustainable products. Sustainable manufacturing involves the use of sustainable processes and systems to produce more sustainable products. In order to meet these demands for sustainable products, manufacturing companies have to adopt numerous strategies to achieve sustainable manufacturing. The approach for evaluating sustainable products and processes have been investigated in previous work where product/process sustainability indices were proposed. However, no comprehensive methods are available for sustainable manufacturing performance evaluation at the system level. This work aims to develop two alternate methods for evaluating sustainable manufacturing performance at enterprise, plant and production line levels. First, requirements for a sustainability metrics framework are identified through studying and reviewing existing literature where the three pillars of sustainability, total life-cycle stages, and 6R concepts are concurrently addressed. Then index-and value-based methods are proposed to evaluate sustainable manufacturing performance by conducting assessment on economic, environmental and societal aspects. Finally, the application of these two methods is illustrated for a representative enterprise producing consumer electronics at the enterprise level; a case study for a satellite television dish production is used to demonstrate the application of these methods at the production line level. Results obtained from these two methods are compared and analyzed at the enterprise level. The proposed methods can provide information to a company to identify improvement strategies and for decision making for sustainable development.

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are gaining momentum among researchers. ITS encompasses several technologies, including wireless communications, sensor networks, data and voice communication, real-time driving assistant systems, etc. These states of the art technologies are expected to pave the way for a plethora of vehicular network applications. In fact, recently we have witnessed a growing interest in Vehicular Networks from both the research community and industry. Several potential applications of Vehicular Networks are envisioned such as road safety and security, traffic monitoring and driving comfort, just to mention a few. It is critical that the existence of convenience or driving comfort services do not negatively affect the performance of safety services. In essence, the dissemination of safety services or the discovery of convenience applications requires the communication among service providers and service requesters through constrained bandwidth resources. Therefore, service discovery techniques for vehicular networks must efficiently use the available common resources. In this thesis, we focus on the design of bandwidth-efficient and scalable service discovery protocols for Vehicular Networks. Three types of service discovery architectures are introduced: infrastructure-less, infrastructure-based, and hybrid architectures. Our proposed algorithms are network layer based where service discovery messages are integrated into the routing messages for a lightweight discovery. Moreover, our protocols use the channel diversity for efficient service discovery. We describe our algorithms and discuss their implementation. Finally, we present the main results of the extensive set of simulation experiments that have been used in order to evaluate their performance.

L'évaluation des performances des méthodes de détection d'agrégats de maladie est fondamentale dans le domaine de l'épidémiologie spatiale et, paradoxalement, on déplore une absence de consensus quant à sa conduite. Cette problématique est d'autant plus importante que les nouvelles technologies de partage d'informations promettent une évolution importante des signaux disponibles pour l'épidémiologie et la veille sanitaire. Les spécialistes du domaine ont adopté un mode d'évaluation fondé sur l'utilisation concomitante de plusieurs indicateurs de performances complémentaires tels que des indicateurs dérivés de l'évaluation des méthodes diagnostiques ou encore diverses définitions de puissance conditionnelle. Cependant, ces évaluations issues de schémas de simulation classiques reposent sur le choix de quelques hypothèses alternatives particulières et ne permettent qu'une interprétation limitée à ces hypothèses. De plus, la démultiplication des indicateurs évaluant la performance, différents selon les protocoles, gêne la comparaison des études entres elles et complique l'interprétation des résultats. Notre travail propose et évalue plusieurs indicateurs de performance prenant en compte à la fois puissance et précision de localisation. Leur intérêt dans l'évaluation spatiale systématique des méthodes est illustré par la création de cartes de performance. En complément de l'évaluation des performances lorsqu'une détection est attendue, nous proposons également une méthode d'évaluation de la répartition spatiale de l'erreur de type I complétée par la construction d'une nouvelle inférence statistique testant l'éventualité d'un effet de bord. / Although performance assessment of cluster detection tests is a critical issue in spatial epidemiology, there is a lack of consensus regarding how it should be carried out. Nowadays, with the spread of new technologies in network systems, data sources for epidemiology are undergoing radical changes that will increase the need for performance evaluation. Field specialists are currently evaluating cluster detection tests with multiple complementary performance indicators such as conditional powers or indicators derived from the field of diagnostic tools evaluation. These evaluations are performed following classical protocols for power assessment and are often limited to a few number of simulated alternative hypotheses, thus restricting results interpretation and scope. Furthermore, with the use of multiple varying indicators, comparisons between studies is difficult at best. This work proposes and compares different global performance indicators that take into account both usual power and location accuracy. Their benefit for cluster detection tests evaluation is illustrated with a systematic spatial assessment enabling performance mapping. In addition to the evaluation of performance when clusters exist, we also propose a method for the spatial evaluation of type I error, together with a new statistical test for edge effect.

To provide Internet applications with good performance, the transport protocol TCP is designed to optimize the throughput of data transfers. Today, however, more and more applications rely on low latency rather than throughput. Such applications can be referred to as data-limited and are not appropriately supported by TCP. Another emerging problem is associated with the use of novel networking techniques that provide infrastructure-less networking. To improve connectivity and performance in such environments, multi-path routing is often used. This form of routing can cause packets to be reordered, which in turn hurts TCP performance. To address timeliness issues for data-limited traffic, we propose and experimentally evaluate several transport protocol adaptations. For instance, we adapt the loss recovery mechanisms of both TCP and SCTP to perform faster loss detection for data-limited traffic, while preserving the standard behavior for regular traffic. Evaluations show that the proposed mechanisms are able to reduce loss recovery latency with 30-50%. We also suggest modifications to the TCP state caching mechanisms. The caching mechanisms are used to optimize new TCP connections based on the state of old ones, but do not work properly for data-limited flows. Additionally, we design a SCTP mechanism that reduces overhead by bundling several packets into one packet in a more timely fashion than the bundling normally used in SCTP. To address the problem of packet reordering we perform several experimental evaluations, using TCP and state of the art reordering mitigation techniques. Although the studied mitigation techniques are quite good in helping TCP to sustain its performance during pure packet reordering events, they do not help when other impairments like packet loss are present. / <p>Paper V was in manuscript form at the time of the defense.</p>

A construção civil brasileira encontra-se num período de grandes transformações na área tecnológica. O aumento da incorporação de novos materiais, em especial, às edificações habitacionais de interesse social (HIS) térreas e a entrada em vigência da ABNT NBR 15575 (2013) – Edificações Habitacionais: Desempenho –, em 19 de julho de 2013, estão provocando uma mudança importante e significativa no setor. A ABNT NBR 15575 (2013) tem como objetivo regular e avaliar o desempenho de edificações por meio de requisitos, critérios e métodos de avaliação (análise de projeto, simulação computacional, ensaios experimentais e inspeções técnicas). Atualmente o Brasil encontra-se num momento de consolidação de práticas e discussões de métodos de avaliação de desempenho de edificações com especial atenção a ensaios experimentais. Diante desse cenário, esta tese objetiva realizar uma análise crítica dos ensaios experimentais de desempenho (EED) e elaborar proposições de avanços nos métodos e procedimentos de ensaios à luz da ABNT NBR 15575 (2013) para edificações HIS térreas. A metodologia principal para desenvolvimento desta tese baseou-se na meta-análise dos dados do acervo técnico do Laboratório de Ensaios e Modelos Estruturais da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (LEME/UFRGS). A análise evidenciou a possibilidade de melhorias no ensaio de ação de calor e choque térmico para sistema de vedação vertical externo (SVVE), impacto de corpo mole em SVVE e ensaio de desempenho térmico por medição em campo para protótipo, na escala real. E, também, permitiu a proposição de dois novos EED: ensaio experimental em laboratório de desempenho térmico para SVVE e ensaio experimental em campo de simulação de incêndio para protótipo na escala real (1:1). Os resultados indicam que as proposições de avanço nos métodos e procedimentos de ensaios experimentais de desempenho têm potencial para serem incorporadas à ABNT NBR 15575 (2013). Além disso evidenciou-se que os novos ensaios experimentais de desempenho se traduzem em um meio alternativo e eficaz para auxiliar na avaliação de desempenho de edificações HIS térreas. / The Brazilian construction industry is in a period of changes in technology. Increased the incorporation of new materials to produce the social housing buildings (HIS) and the entry into force of ABNT NBR 15575 (2013) - Housing Buildings : Performance, on July 2013, are causing a major change at the sector. ABNT NBR 15575 (2013) aims to regulate and evaluate the performance building through the requirements, criteria and evaluation methods (design analysis, computer simulation, experimental and technical inspections). Currently in Brazil is a time to consolidate practices and discuss the evaluating methods for check the performance buildings with special attention to experimental tests. In this direction this thesis aims to a critical analysis of the experimental performance tests (EED) and propose advances in methodologies and experimental tests to analysis EED based on ABNT NBR 15575. The main methodology for development the thesis was based on a meta-analysis of data using the technical collection of Structural Tests and Materials Laboratory (LEME) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (LEME/UFRGS). This analysis shows the possibility of improvements at several tests: heat action and thermal shock to external vertical sealing system (SVVE), soft body impact on SVVE and test of thermal performance by field measurement for prototype, in real scale. Also enable the proposal of two new EED tests, thermal test performance of SVVE and fire simulation on prototype using real scale. The results indicate that the advanced proposals of experimental methods and procedures to performance tests have great potential to be incorporated into the ABNT NBR 15575. The new experimental tests of performance proposal in this thesis are an alternative and effective device to assist the evaluating performance of single-storey HIS buildings.

Orientador: Andrea Leda Ramos de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T16:39:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cicolin_LucasdeOliveiraMelo_M.pdf: 2559448 bytes, checksum: 5e698508c5714b5f7b557f9f29c79c1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O agronegócio é um elemento estratégico para a economia brasileira, especialmente pelos sucessivos aumentos de produtividade e pela manutenção do saldo positivo da balança comercial. Entretanto, a estrutura do sistema logístico nacional, que apoia tal atividade, não tem comportado o fluxo das commodities agrícolas no processo de abastecimento do mercado interno e da exportação. O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de grãos do mundo, com capacidade de expandir sua participação no mercado internacional, mas demanda de sólido desenvolvimento dos fatores que influenciam a eficiência logística, transformando as vantagens competitivas e da produção em retorno econômico. Neste sentido, a avaliação de desempenho do processo logístico brasileiro se fez necessária para direcionar a atenção e os investimentos aos fatores críticos que limitam a capacidade de crescimento da competitividade brasileira, em especial da cadeia agroindustrial do milho, que além de abastecer outras cadeias produtivas, como a indústria de carnes e alimentos, contribui com o saldo da balança comercial através do seu volume exportado. Isto posto, o presente trabalho analisou o processo logístico de escoamento da produção de milho dos maiores estados produtores até os portos de exportação e os respectivos modais utilizados ¿ essas rotas foram chamadas de Unidades Tomadoras de Decisão ¿ DMU¿s, que tiveram sua eficiência relativa analisada. O estudo teve como objetivo principal o desenvolvimento de um sistema de medição de desempenho que avaliou a eficiência relativa dos processos logísticos de exportação do milho brasileiro. A metodologia utilizada foi a Análise por Envoltória de Dados - DEA na determinação das fronteiras de eficiência e referência de benchmarking. O Balanced Scorecard ¿ BSC foi utilizado como ferramenta no desdobramento da estratégia da cadeia logística e definição dos indicadores de medição de desempenho; sendo propostos quatro modelos de análise de eficiência: financeiro, de processos internos, de participação da rota e de desenvolvimento sustentável, visando responder "Qual o nível de eficiência dos processos logísticos brasileiro de exportação do milho, com relação aos custos, aos parâmetros ambientais, sociais e de desenvolvimento?". Como principais resultados do estudo foi possível definir como benchmarking a rota intermodal rodohidroviária do estado do Mato Grosso até os portos de Santarém ¿ PA e Manaus ¿ AM através do terminal de Miritituba ¿ PA que se apresentou como referência nos modelos de eficiência propostos e também foi analisada a eficiência relativa das principais rotas de escoamento do milho para exportação / Abstract: Agribusiness is a strategic element for the Brazilian economy, maintaining positive trade balance, especially by the successive increases in productivity. However, the infrastructure of the national logistics system, which supports such activity, has not behaved the flow of agricultural commodities in the supply of the internal market and export. Brazil is a major grain supplier of world, with capacity to expand its international market share, but demand development of the factors that influences the logistics efficiency, transforming the competitive advantages in production in economic returns. In this sense, the performance evaluation of the Brazilian logistics process was necessary to direct attention and investment to critical factors limiting the growth capacity of Brazilian competitiveness, particularly in the agro-industrial corn chain, which in addition to supplying other productive chains, as the meat and food industry, contributes to the balance of national trade through its export volume. This study examined the logistics process flow of corn production of the major producing brazilian states to the export ports and their modes used - these routes were called Decision-makers Units - DMU's, who had their relative efficiency analyzed. The study aimed to develop a performance measurement system which assessed the relative efficiency of logistics processes export of Brazilian corn. The methodology was the Data Envelopment Analysis - DEA in determining the boundaries of efficiency and benchmarking reference. The Balanced Scorecard - BSC was used as a tool in the deployment of supply chain strategy and defining performance measurement indicators; It is proposed four models of efficiency analysis: financial, internal process, use of the route and sustainable development in order to answer "What is the level of efficiency of Brazilian logistics exports processes of corn, with regard to costs, environmental parameters, and social development?". The main results of the study could be defined as benchmarking the intermodal route of Mato Grosso state to the ports of Santarém - PA and Manaus - AM through Miritituba terminal - PA that presented itself as a reference in the proposed efficiency models and was also analyzed the relative efficiency of the main routes of flow of corn for export / Mestrado / Pesquisa Operacional / Mestre em Pesquisa Operacional

Esta tese apresenta um conjunto de avaliações experimentais com o objetivo de identificar como as camadas de hardware e software podem ser determinantes na obtenção de desempenho em máquinas virtuais em nuvem. A computação em nuvem apresenta benefícios no fornecimento de serviços de infraestrutura de forma conveniente e sob demanda. Essa oferta de serviços, sob demanda, pode conduzir os clientes à contratação de serviços virtualizados que atendam às suas necessidades com bom desempenho. Quando os serviços de infraestrutura são vendidos ou alugados com a descrição apenas das características das máquinas virtuais, o desempenho obtido pode não ser o desejado devido às restrições dos recursos físicos. Sendo assim, é proposto um levantamento sobre quais informações são fornecidas pelos provedores de nuvem. De posse das informações coletadas, um conjunto de experimentos demonstra a importância da camada de virtualização para os serviços de infraestrutura. Os resultados apresentados nesta tese demonstram que apesar de os provedores terem tipos de máquinas virtuais semelhantes nos recursos virtuais, os recursos físicos são determinantes na obtenção do desempenho. Além dos recursos físicos, os recursos de software também são determinantes na obtenção do desempenho, devido principalmente à marcante influência do virtualizador considerado. / This thesis presents a set of experimental evaluations in order to identify how the hardware and software layers can be crucial in getting services with good performance levels. Cloud computing offers benefits in providing a convenient way of infrastructure services and on demand. This services offer, on demand, can drive customers hiring virtualized services that meet their needs with good performance. When the infrastructure services are sold or leased with a description only of the characteristics of virtual machines, the obtained performance may not be desired due to the restrictions of physical resources. Thus, a survey on what information is provided by cloud providers is proposed. Armed with the information collected, a set of experiments demonstrates the importance of the virtualization layer for infrastructure services. The results presented demonstrate that although providers have similar types of virtual machines in virtual resources, physical resources are determinant in obtaining performance. In addition to the physical resources, the resources of software are also critical in getting the performance, mainly due to the strong influence of the considered virtualizer.

Esta tese apresenta a caracterização de desempenho dos serviços executados em um ambiente em nuvem, quando são consideradas rajadas de diferentes origens, intensidades e variabilidades nas cargas de trabalho. Os resultados mostram que a presença de rajadas no processo de chegada das requisições e/ou nas demandas de serviço, ocasiona uma considerável degradação no desempenho dos serviços e, portanto, devem ser consideradas nos modelos de cargas de trabalhos e nas atividades voltadas para avaliação de desempenho em computação em nuvem. Considerando-se a grande influência das rajadas, é proposta e validada uma metodologia que permite monitorar uma carga de trabalho e determinar a ocorrência de rajadas tanto nas taxas de chegadas de requisições quanto nas demandas de serviços. A metodologia utilizada na condução deste trabalho consta de diferentes modelos de cargas de trabalho com rajadas de diferentes variabilidades e intensidades, desenvolvidos e integrados à arquitetura CloudSim-BEQoS proposta nesta tese. Utilizando-se essa arquitetura é possível executar um conjunto de experimentos que possibilitam a obtenção dos resultados que caracterizam o desempenho dos serviços quando são criadas condições de rajadas nas cargas de trabalho submetidas à nuvem. / This thesis presents the performance characterization of the services executed in a cloud environment, when bursts are considered from different sources, intensity and variability in the workload. The results show that the presence of bursts in the arrival process of requests and/or in service demands, causes a significant degradation in the performance of services and therefore should belong to the models of workloads and in the activities considered for performance evaluation in cloud computing. Considering the great influence of bursts, a methodology to monitor a workload and predict the occurrence of bursts in both the rates of request arrivals and the service demands is proposed and validated. The methodology used in the conduction of this work consists in different types of workloads with bursts of different variability and intensity, developed and integrated into the CloudSim-BEQoS architecture proposed in this thesis. By using this architecture it is possible to execute a set of experiments that enable the achievement of the results that characterize the performance of services when bursts conditions are created in the workload submitted to the cloud.

Este trabalho detalha a motivação para a avaliação de desempenho não estacionária de sistemas computacionais e introduz uma abordagem para a modelagem dinâmica de desempenho baseada na análise de resposta em frequência. A modelagem dinâmica é uma abordagem essencial que se desenvolveu como recurso importante na engenharia e algumas ciências naturais por muitas décadas e conta com uma coleção de ferramentas matemáticas para descrever o comportamento dinâmico de sistemas. Seja por tradição ou pela dificuldade de aplicação o uso de modelos dinâmicos em avaliação de desempenho de sistemas computacionais é recente e consideravelmente menos explorada que em outros domínios. A contribuição proposta por esta pesquisa, é a formulação de um arcabouço para avaliação de desempenho não estacionário de sistemas computacionais. O propósito desse arcabouço é produzir um modelo analítico dinâmico experimentalmente construído, que represente a dinâmica que governa o desempenho do sistema. A abordagem é composta por: modelo conceitual para formulação de métricas de desempenho transientes; um método empírico para a obtenção do modelo dinâmico; uma metodologia de análise baseada em resposta de frequência. Usos práticos são ilustrados através de estudos de caso em que os resultados demonstram a aplicabilidade da abordagem. / This research work details the motivation for non-stationary performance evaluation in computer systems and introduces an approach for dynamic performance modeling based on frequencyresponse analysis. Dynamic modeling is an essential approach which developed as an important resource in engineering and natural sciences for many decades and counts on a collection of mathematical tools for describing the dynamic behavior of systems. Whether for tradition or difficulty in applying its methods, the use of dynamic modeling in computer systems performance evaluation is recent and less exploited than in other domains. The contribution proposed by the present research is the formulation of a non-stationary performance evaluation framework. The purpose of this framework is to produce an empiric analytical model which represents the dynamics governing the system performance. The approach comprises: a conceptual model for the formulation of dynamic performance metrics; a method to obtain the dynamic model experimentally; a practical methodology based on frequency-domain analysis. Piratical uses are illustrated by study cases in which results show the applicability of the approach.