Köln, Univ., Diss., 2009

Montréal Trigonix inc. 2018

[pt] O trabalho pretende lançar uma luz sobre o início dos tempos modernos abordando a riqueza das experiências de subjetividade na cultura renascentista. Suas complexidades são tematizadas no exame das complicadas relações entre o ideário humanista e o movimento das reformas religiosas, e suas respectivas evoluções. Destaca-se primeiro, nos primórdios da Renascença, um impulso pela interiorização do sentimento religioso, que aliado ao resgate dos valores da Antiguidade, se faz cerne do anseio por um cristianismo renovado, centrado na valorização do homem e do mundo, do poder do espírito em alcançar a salvação, sem a intermediação das instituições da Igreja. O movimento das reformas religiosas, fundado no anseio renovador humanista de homens como Nicolau de Cusa, Pico Della Mirandola e Erasmo de Rotterdã, não tardará entretanto em se apartar dele a partir de Lutero, numa religiosidade que condena o espírito humano e sua experiência mundana. O exame da discussão sobre o livre arbítrio entre Erasmo e Lutero nos mostra o embate entre duas concepções distintas sobre o homem, que surtirão conseqüências, não raro, inesperadas sobre a formação do mundo moderno. / [en] The study wants to iluminate the begining of modern times treating the richness of the subjectivity experiences in Renaissance culture. The complexities of that should be look in the analysis of the complicated relations between the humanistic ideals and the religious reformations movements and his respective evolutions. First, in the relief, emerges in primeval Renaissance, a impulse for interiozation of religious sentiment, which, in alliance with the rescue of the values of the Antiquity, makes itself in the roots of a new cristianity, centralize in the valorization of man and the world, in the power of the spirity in reaching the salvation, without the intermediation of institutions of the Church. The religious reformations movements, first in the roots of the humanistic renovator impulse of men like Nicholas de Cusa, Pico Della Mirandola and Erasmo de Rotterdã, should be, in a second time, aparted of him, since Lutero and his religious sentiment which condemn the human spirity and his mundane experience. The analyses of the discussion about the free arbitre between Erasmo and Lutero shows to us the confrontation of two diferent conceptions of man, which have their impact, many times imprevisible, in the formation of modern times.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Andreta dos Santos.pdf: 933190 bytes, checksum: b27f4ffee26b774386c08f46eaae78ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-18 / This research aimed to address the dignity of man under a historical-philosophical approach along a timeline. The chapters follow the chronological order of history, starting with Presocratics and culminating in Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, the Humanist movement and the Renaissance. It is examined what freedom and free will meant in each time period and the unrest brought by that thinker even before the philosophers of ancient Greece. As the topic evolves throughout history it seems to deconstruct the social pyramid of Plato, suggesting greater flexibility and easy transit among classes. This leads man to a sense of freedom never experienced before. The bourgeois catalyze this movement in Humanism, funding philosophers devoted to the subject, like Giovanni Pico della Mirandola. In his Oration, Mirandola introduces a unique vision of the dignity, treating it as something immanent to man, a divine gift that could not be disrupted even by God. His thinking promotes the development of mercantilism and encourages commercial and maritime practices whose interesting results pleased the bourgeoisie and assured them they were on the right path / Esta pesquisa teve como escopo percorrer a linha do tempo sob o enfoque histórico-filosófico acerca da dignidade do homem. Os capítulos seguem a ordem cronológica da história, iniciando nos pré-socráticos e culminando em Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, no movimento Humanista e no Renascimento. Examina-se o que significou a liberdade e o livre-arbítrio em cada período e a perturbação trazida por ele antes mesmo dos filósofos da Grécia antiga. A evolução do tema no transcorrer na história parece desconstruir a pirâmide social de Platão, sugerindo uma maior flexibilidade e facilidade no tramitar entre as classes desta pirâmide, impingindo no homem uma sensação de liberdade nunca antes experimentada. Os burgueses catalisam este movimento no Humanismo, financiando filósofos dedicados ao assunto como Giovanni Pico della Mirandola que, em sua Oratio traz uma visão inédita acerca da dignidade, tratando-a como algo imanente ao homem, um dom divino que não poderia ser perturbado nem mesmo por Deus. Seu pensamento facilita o desenvolvimento do mercantilismo e incentiva práticas comerciais e marítimas cujos resultados interessantes à burguesia trouxeram a certeza de ser esse o caminho correto

To open a different perspective on the still-discussed difference between Christian religion and magic is the task of this work. In order to reach the end successfully, that is, the fourth part of this thesis, which deals with the principle of sanctity in the Catholic Church, it was necessary to first develop the following three blocks. 1) Religious-anthropological analysis of magic ? in this part we summarize basic anthropological views on magic according to the individual researchers J.G. Frazer, E.B. Taylor, R.R. Marett, B. Malinowski, and E. de Martino. The subject of this section was the analysis of animism and the inner power of creation. 2) Magic as a part of religion ? in which we analysed the content of the concept of magic, the area where it came from, and how it was perceived in the environment of the Mediterranean European culture of ancient Rome, and how magic was discredited in the ancient "pagan" and Christian environment. 3) The interest of the sages in the phenomenon of magic ? has created a space for the issue of the magic of "barbaric" tribes, whose faith traditions have become a legitimate part of the Catholic faith. This section has also developed a "story of overly" peculiar magic adepts of the "restored" Renaissance Platonic Academy, in which M. Ficino and P. della Mirandola worked. We paid more attention to their life stories and work, for they themselves stood at the birth of an "institutional" association in the area of a sort of "applied" magism in the form of esoteric neoplatonism, hermetism, and theururgy. At this point we also found the historical model of the later Czech hermetic society Universalia, which we mentioned at the end of the work. 4) Ex opere operato et ex opere operantis ? it represents the peak of our work, opening a whole new discussion in the critique of magic and religion. Magic and Christian religion have a common root, they co-exist side by side, complement each other, and even blend in some areas of universal piety as conditions of one and the same Catholic faith.