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Showing 1 to 10 of 10 (0.049 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"[een] POST EXILIC PERIOD"" "subject:"[enn] POST EXILIC PERIOD""
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Paul, Josephus, and JudaismCarras, George Peter January 1990 (has links)
Students of Second Temple Judaism have drawn two broad conclusions. First, Judaism of the first century is characterized by diversity. Second, the most pervasive influence on Judaism of this period was Hellenism. The present study seeks to contribute to the continuing discussion of Second Temple Judaism, bearing in mind these two factors. Specifically, the aim is to identify the shared ideas of Judaism. The thesis is concerned with the search for common features of the Jewish religion what may be termed "common denominators" within Second Temple Judaism. This should help to decide the question of how we are to understand the diversity within first-century Judaism in relation to its common shared features. In the search for these shared features two main bodies of evidence are explored: Josephus' Contra Apionem. 2. 190-219, and the letters of Paul; for differing reasons both of these documents may be used profitably. The letters of Paul are valuable since this material is all dated before the destruction of the Second Temple; whereas Contra Apionem. 2. 190-219, is one of the earliest and possibly oldest theological summaries compiled by a contemporary of the NT writers. While there are other summaries on the Jewish religion (Philo's Hypothetica. his Spec. Laws and Josephus' Antiquities 4.196-301) Contra Apionem offers a summary of a different kind because its focus is on basic Jewish principles. The method used is first to consider Ap. 2. 190-219 paragraph by paragraph in conjunction with Philo's Hypothetica and the Sentences of Pseudo-Phocylides. Where appropriate appeal is also made to the DSS, the rabbis, and the apocalyptic literature. This follows an assessment of the undisputed letters of Paul. The analysis of this evidence is conducted under the following headings: Jewish autobiography; Jewish elements in Paul's Christian theology; debates with Jewish Christian opponents; Jewish ethics embraced by Gentile converts; a dialogue on the nature of the Jewish religion. Three main conclusions are reached. The first is that there are discernible common features within first-century Judaism. This is supported by an analysis of the Contra Apionem precis and related Jewish material. Second, there is a body of common opinion that may be deemed to belong to the period before AD 70. This will be argued from the letters of Paul by appeal to various criteria. The third point is that there are Jewish ideas that are both common and pre-70. This will be confirmed by appealing in a comparative way to evidence from both the letters of Paul and Contra Apionem. The criterion can be formulated in the following way: ideas may be considered both common and pre-70 whenever those found in Contra Apionem and attested in a wide variety of Jewish evidence (thus common) are also attested in the letters of Paul (and so pre-70).
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Pre-Christian sects in Palestinian Judaism : a critical examination of the ancient sources with special emphasis on the minor sectsOlds, L. Calista January 1960 (has links)
"The purpose of this study is to make a critical and detailed analysis of the references in the ancient sources, Philo, Josephus, Pliny and the church fathers, Justin, Hegesippus, Hippolytus and Epiphanius. The main emphasis will be on the less well-known sects. The Sadducees and the Pharisees will be dealt with only as they appear in the references to the lesser sects and for contrast and similarity. The study will attempt to correlate the separate reports and to support or cast doubt on the validity and reliability of the accounts. In order to do this it has been necessary to examine the life and work of each witness as a means of evaluating his credibility and the sources of his information. No attempt has been made to establish a specific thesis of relationship and derivation. That remains for a further study but possible lines for the development of such a thesis have been indicated where the evidence suggests such." -- from the Introduction.
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Ethnicity and the mixed marriage crisis in Ezra 9-10Southwood, Katherine January 2010 (has links)
No description available.
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[pt] ML 2,1-9 E 2,17-3,5: CRISE DO SACERDÓCIO E ESCATOLOGIA NO SÉC. V A.C. / [en] ML 2:1-9 E 2:17-3:5: PRIESTHOOD CRISIS AND ESCHATOLOGY IN THE 5TH CENTURY B.C.FABIO DA SILVEIRA SIQUEIRA 02 June 2020 (has links)
[pt] A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal estudar o modo como se relacionam, no profeta Malaquias, a crise do sacerdócio, descrita de modo particular em 2,1-9, e a perspectiva escatológica apresentada em 2,17 - 3,5. A pesquisa considera que, embora em 2,1-9 prevaleça o discurso de juízo sobre os sacerdotes faltosos, no v. 4 é delineada uma perspectiva salvífica. Tal perspectiva é desenvolvida em 2,17 - 3,5, onde o tema da purificação do sacerdócio e do restabelecimento do culto domina a maior parte do texto (cf. 3,2-4). Para o estudo das unidades textuais seguiu-se o Método Histórico Crítico nas suas etapas essenciais, conjugando-o, de modo particular no comentário aos textos, com a análise sincrônica, considerando-se cada uma das perícopes na sua forma final e canônica. Com relação a 2,17 - 3,5 procurou-se identificar os elementos que permitem caracterizar este texto como escatológico e delinear suas perspectivas principais. O estudo conjunto das perícopes demonstrou que, em Malaquias, o juízo previsto em 2,1-9 é revertido a partir da perspectiva escatológica apresentada em 2,17 - 3,5. Uma vez que os sacerdotes são os ministros do culto e este é a manifestação da dimensão propriamente religiosa da relação de Deus com seu povo, YHWH mesmo agirá, em primeiro lugar por meio de seu mensageiro, purificando os sacerdotes e restabelecendo o culto na sua integridade e, depois, atuando como testemunha contra os que não o temem. / [en] The aim of this research is to study how the prophet Malachi relates the priesthood crisis, described in particular in 2:1-9, with the eschatological perspective presented in 2:17 - 3:5. The research considers that while in 2:1-9 the judgmental discourse on the faulty priests prevails, in v. 4 is outlined a salvific perspective. This perspective is developed in 2:17 - 3:5, where the theme of priesthood purification and the reestablishment of worship dominates most of the text (cf. 3:2-4). For the study of the textual units, was followed the Critical Historical Method in its essential stages, combining it, particularly in the commentary on the texts, with the synchronic analysis, considering each of the pericopes in its final and canonical form. With respect to 2:17 - 3:5 it was tried to identify the elements that allow characterizing this text as eschatological and delineating its main perspectives. The joint study of the pericopes has shown that in Malachi the judgment predicted in 2:1-9 is reversed from the eschatological perspective presented in 2:17 – 3:5. Since the priests are the ministers of worship and this is the manifestation of the properly religious dimension of God s relationship with his people, YHWH himself will firstly act through his messenger, purifying the same priests and restoring the integrity of the worship, and so he will act as a witness against those who do not fear him.
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The impact of a change in political constitution on early Palestinian Judaism during the period 175-161 B.C.E.Molyneaux, M. E. 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study looks at a watershed period in the history of Judaism. In 175 B.C.E. a group of
Jews sought to break Judaea out of the isolation in which it had stood since the Persian
period. They wished to develop closer ties with their neighbours in Coele-Syria and
Phoenicia and the Greek world in general. Since the Persian period the people of Judaea
had been governed by high priests according to the 'ancestral laws' i.e. the Torah and its
interpretation by Ezra. This 'ancestral law' had been confirmed as binding on all Jews by
Antiochus III in his decree of 198 B.C.E. In order to move beyond the restrictions placed
on contact between Jews and other peoples, it would be necessary to have the political
status of Judaea changed. A change of political status could only be brought about by the
king or one of his successors.
In 175 B.C.E. a group of Jews requested Antiochus IV to permit them to
transform Judaea from an ethnos into a polis. He agreed and the transformation was
begun. It is these events of 175 B.C.E. that form the base of this study. The writer uses
the model of Cultural Anthropology to form a framework in which these and subsequent
events can be analysed. In this way we can get a better understanding of how events
progressed. How a political reform ended in a religious suppression and persecution and
finally a successful revolt against the Seleucid kingdom.
The Torah and its interpretation stood at the center of Jewish life. Each group
interpreted the law in their own way and understood events in relation to this
interpretation. Therefore no analysis of this period can be undertaken without taking the
law and its various interpretations into account. The law is the thread that holds all facets
of this work together. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie handeloor 'n tydperk van waterskeiding in die geskiedenis van die
Judaïsme. In 175 ve. wou 'n groep Jode in Palestina wegbreek uit die isolasie waarin
hulle hulleself bevind het sedert die oorname deur die Persiese ryk. Hulle wou graag
nouer bande met hulle buurstate en die Griekse wêreld aanknoop. Sedert die Persiese
tydperk is die mense van Juda deur hëepriesters regeer, volgens die 'voorvaderlike
wette', dws die Torah en sy vertolking volgens Esra. Alle Jode was gebind deur hierdie
'voorvaderlike wette' deur Antiogus III se dekreet van 198 ve. Indien die mense die
beperkings teen kontak met ander volke sou wou ophef, sou dit nodig wees om die
politieke status van Juda te verander. Net die koning of een van sy opvolgers kon die
politieke status van Juda verander.
In 175 ve. word Antiogus IV deur 'n groep Jode gevra om verlof om Jerusalem in
'n Griekse polis te omskep. Hy het ingestem en die omskepping het begin. Hierdie
gebeurtenisse van 175 ve. vorm die basis van hierdie studie. Die skrywer gebruik die
kutuur-antropologiese teoretiese model as raamwerk vir die ontleding van hierdie en
opvolgende gebeurtenisse. Hierdie model stelons in staat om die ontwikkelinge in Juda
beter te verstaan en meer spesifiek 'n antwoord op die volgende vraag te kry: "Hoekom
het politieke hervorming tot godsdienstige verdrukking en vervolging aanleiding gegee
en in die finale instansie tot 'n suksesvolle opstand teen die Seleukied koninkryk gelei?"
Die Torah en sy vertolking het die sentrum van die Joodse lewe gevorm. Elke
groep in Juda het die 'wet' op sy eie manier vertolk en ontwikkelinge in verband daarmee
probeer verstaan. Daarom is dit nie moontlik om hierdie tydperk te bestudeer sonder 'n
erkenning van die waarde van die 'wet' en sy verskillende vertolkings nie. Die 'wet' is
die goue draad wat hierdie studie byeen hou.
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The abolition of intermarriage in Ezra 10 and the ethnic identity of the postexilic Judean community : a hermeneutic studyPaulo, Bonifacio 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The present study seeks to examine the abolition of intermarriage according to Ezra 10 by asking the question as to what were the compelling reasons for such a social crisis, and to demonstrate its possible implications to ethnic identity in the postexilic Judean community. In order to accomplish this purpose, the researcher has chosen to use an integrated method which allows him to bring different exegetical approaches into dialogue, bearing in mind that the canonical narratives are an outcome of a long process of redaction of both oral and written traditions done by different editors from different socio-historical contexts. It is through this method that this research highlights the following outcomes: first, from a canonical point of view, the final editors understood the exilic experience as an objective outcome of the intermarriage phenomenon which led the Israelites into a complete loss of their group identity, namely – being a Yahwistic community, and it was, therefore, the responsibility of the returnees to avoid, at any cost, letting history repeat itself. Second, the phenomenon of intermarriage in the Hebrew Bible has to be approached from a diachronic perspective. Unlike the patriarchal and deuteronomistic traditions in which intermarriage was about morality and apostasy respectively, in the context of the postexilic community this topic was all about purity – a strong zeal for temple and worship, as particularly witnessed in the priestly tradition. Third, from the fact that these canonical narratives took shape in socio-historical settings where, in addition to the religious factor, there were also other reasons such as political and socio-economic, which contributed significantly not only to the dismissal of those intermarriages, but also to the negotiation of a group identity of the Second Temple addressee. In other words, in response to those socio-historical circumstances, the returnees were compelled to divorce and dismiss their foreign wives and, at the same time, they were shaping their group identity, which came to be known as Judaism. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie poog om die verbod op ondertrouery soos uitgebeeld in Esra 10 te ondersoek deur te vra wat die dwingende redes vir so 'n sosiale krisis was, en om die moontlike implikasies vir etniese identiteit in die posteksiliese Judese gemeenskap te demonstreer. Ten einde hierdie doel te bereik, het die navorser gekies om 'n geïntegreerde metode waarin verskillende eksegetiese benaderings in gesprek gebring word, te gebruik, terwyl in gedagte hou word dat die kanonieke verhale die uitkoms was van 'n lang proses van redaksie van beide mondelinge en geskrewe tradisies, deur verskillende redakteurs uit verskillende sosio-historiese kontekste. Dit is deur middel van hierdie metode dat die navorsing die volgende uitkomste beklemtoon: eerstens, vanuit 'n kanonieke oogpunt, het die finale redakteurs die ballingskapservaring as 'n objektiewe uitkoms van die ondertrouery verstaan wat die Israeliete tot 'n volledige verlies van hul groepsidentiteit as Jahwistiese gemeenskap gelei het, en dit was dus die verantwoordelikheid van die teruggekeerdes om ten alle koste te vermy dat die geskiedenis homself herhaal. Tweedens, die verskynsel van ondertrouery in die Hebreeuse Bybel moet ook vanuit 'n diachroniese perspektief benader word. In teenstelling met die patriargale en deuteronomistiese tradisies waarin ondertrouery oor die boeg van onderskeidelik moraliteit en godsdienstige afvalligheid verstaan is, handel dit in die konteks van die posteksiliese gemeenskap eerder oor reinheid – 'n sterk ywer vir tempel en die erediens soos veral met die priesterlike tradisie geassosieer. Derdens, vanweë die feit dat hierdie kanoniese verhale vorm aangeneem het in sosio-historiese omstandighede waarin, benewens die godsdienstige faktor, daar ook ander faktore, soos die politieke en sosio-ekonomiese, ‘n belangrike rol gespeel het, het hierdie verhale aansienlik bygedra nie net tot die verbod op ondertrouery nie, maar ook tot die onderhandeling van die groepsidentiteit van die Tweede Tempel gemeenskap. Met ander woorde, in reaksie op die sosio-historiese omstandighede, was die teruggekeerdes verplig om te skei en hul vreemde vroue te ontslaan, terwyl hul terselfdertyd bygedra het tot die vorming van ‘n groepsidentiteit wat bekendstaan as Judaïsme.
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Xenophobia as a response to foreigners in post-apartheid South Africa and post-exilic Israel: a comparative critique in the light of the gospel and Ubuntu ethical principlesMnyaka, Mluleki Michael Ntutuzelo 30 November 2003 (has links)
Blaming those who are different from us because of skin colour, nationality and language when things do not go right during the process of reconstruction is common among those who are faced with such a task. This assertion is confirmed by our examination and evaluation of xenophobia in post-apartheid South Africa and post-exilic Israel. In South Africa socio-economic and political reasons are cited for the rejection of African immigrants by some South Africans. The Jews in the post exilic period understood their religious, social and economic problems to be caused by others. What is more disturbing is that the Jews understood their xenophobia to be demanded or legitimised by God. These reasons for them necessitated hatred, isolation, stigmatisation and sometimes negative actions against foreigners.
When we compare xenophobia in both post-apartheid South Africa and post-exilic Israel in this study, we find that factors such as identity, notion of superiority, negative perception of those who are different and use of power, play a major role in the exacerbation of xenophobia. In evaluating both situations, using the African principle of Ubuntu and Christian moral values, we are able to demonstrate that xenophobia as found in both situations is morally wrong since it is inhuman, selfish, racist/ethnocentric, discriminatory and often violent. Ubuntu and Christian values and principles such as human dignity, human rights, reciprocity, love, compassion, forgiveness, hospitality and community were sacrificed by South Africans and Jews in their dealings with foreigners in their respective situations.
It is argued here that among other things in the case of South Africa, the reduction of inflammatory statements by government representatives and the media, education of the unemployed, the youth and workers; and the meeting of spiritual, material, humanitarian and moral needs by the Church, will help sensitise South Africans to the plight of African immigrants and migrants and will further deepen the ubuntu and Christian values. / Religious Studies and Arabic / D.Th.(Theological Ethics)
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Causes of the Jewish Diaspora Revolt in Alexandria: Regional Uprisings from the Margins of Greco-Roman Society, 115-117 CEVargas, Miguel M. 05 1900 (has links)
This thesis examines the progression from relatively peaceful relations between Alexandrians and Jews under the Ptolemies to the Diaspora Revolt under the Romans. A close analysis of the literature evidences that the transition from Ptolemaic to Roman Alexandria had critical effects on Jewish status in the Diaspora. One of the most far reaching consequences of the shift from the Ptolemies to Romans was forcing the Alexandrians to participate in the struggle for imperial patronage. Alexandrian involvement introduced a new element to the ongoing conflict among Egypt’s Jews and native Egyptians. The Alexandrian citizens consciously cut back privileges the Jews previously enjoyed under the Ptolemies and sought to block the Jews from advancing within the Roman system. Soon the Jews were confronted with rhetoric slandering their civility and culture. Faced with a choice, many Jews forsook Judaism and their traditions for more upwardly mobile life. After the outbreak of the First Jewish War Jewish life took a turn for the worse. Many Jews found themselves in a system that classified them according to their heritage and ancestry, limiting advancement even for apostates. With the resulting Jewish tax (fiscus Judaicus) Jews were becoming more economically and socially marginalized.
The Alexandrian Jews were a literate society in their own right, and sought to reverse their diminishing prestige with a rhetoric of their own. This thesis analyzes Jewish writings and pagan writings about the Jews, which evidences their changing socio-political position in Greco-Roman society. Increasingly the Jews wrote with an urgent rhetoric in attempts to persuade their fellow Jews to remain loyal to Judaism and to seek their rights within the construct of the Roman system. Meanwhile, tensions between their community and the Alexandrian community grew. In less than 100 years, from 30 CE to 117 CE, the Alexandrians attacked the Jewish community on at least three occasions. Despite the advice of the most Hellenized elites, the Jews did not sit idly by, but instead sought to disrupt Alexandrian meetings, anti-Jewish theater productions, and appealed to Rome. In the year 115 CE, tensions reached a high. Facing three years of violent attacks against their community, Alexandrian Jews responded to Jewish uprisings in Cyrene and Egypt with an uprising of their own. Really a series of revolts, historians have termed these events simply “the Diaspora Revolt.”
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Xenophobia as a response to foreigners in post-apartheid South Africa and post-exilic Israel: a comparative critique in the light of the gospel and Ubuntu ethical principlesMnyaka, Mluleki Michael Ntutuzelo 30 November 2003 (has links)
Blaming those who are different from us because of skin colour, nationality and language when things do not go right during the process of reconstruction is common among those who are faced with such a task. This assertion is confirmed by our examination and evaluation of xenophobia in post-apartheid South Africa and post-exilic Israel. In South Africa socio-economic and political reasons are cited for the rejection of African immigrants by some South Africans. The Jews in the post exilic period understood their religious, social and economic problems to be caused by others. What is more disturbing is that the Jews understood their xenophobia to be demanded or legitimised by God. These reasons for them necessitated hatred, isolation, stigmatisation and sometimes negative actions against foreigners.
When we compare xenophobia in both post-apartheid South Africa and post-exilic Israel in this study, we find that factors such as identity, notion of superiority, negative perception of those who are different and use of power, play a major role in the exacerbation of xenophobia. In evaluating both situations, using the African principle of Ubuntu and Christian moral values, we are able to demonstrate that xenophobia as found in both situations is morally wrong since it is inhuman, selfish, racist/ethnocentric, discriminatory and often violent. Ubuntu and Christian values and principles such as human dignity, human rights, reciprocity, love, compassion, forgiveness, hospitality and community were sacrificed by South Africans and Jews in their dealings with foreigners in their respective situations.
It is argued here that among other things in the case of South Africa, the reduction of inflammatory statements by government representatives and the media, education of the unemployed, the youth and workers; and the meeting of spiritual, material, humanitarian and moral needs by the Church, will help sensitise South Africans to the plight of African immigrants and migrants and will further deepen the ubuntu and Christian values. / Religious Studies and Arabic / D.Th.(Theological Ethics)
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The role of the priests in Israelite identity formation in the exilic/post-exilic period with special reference to Leviticus 19:1-19a / Rol van die priesters in die Israelitiese identiteitsvorming tydens die ballingskaps-/ na-ballingskapstydperk met spesiale verwysing na Levitikus 19:1-19aBeer, Leilani 07 1900 (has links)
Bibliography: leaves 289-298 / Source-criticism of the Pentateuch suggests that the priests (Source P) alone authored the
Holiness Code – the premise being that Source P forms one religious, literate and elite group
of several. Through the endeavor to redefine Israelite identity during the Neo-Babylonian
Empire of 626–539 BCE and the Achaemenid Persian Empire of 550–330 BCE, various
ideologies of Israelite identity were produced by various religious, literate and elite groups.
Possibly, the Holiness Code functions as the compromise reached between two such groups,
these being: the Shaphanites, and the Zadokites. Moreover, the Holiness Code functions as
the basis for the agreed identity of Israel as seen by the Shaphanites and the Zadokites.
Specifically, in Leviticus 19:1-19a – as being the Levitical decalogue of the Holiness Code,
and which forms the emphasis of this thesis – both Shaphanite and Zadokite ideologies are
expressed therein.
The Shaphanite ideology is expressed through the Mosaic tradition: i.e., through the Law;
and the Zadokite ideology is expressed through the Aaronide tradition: i.e., through the Cult.
In the debate between the supremacy of the Law, or the Cult – i.e., Moses or Aaron – the
ancient Near Eastern convention of the ‘rivalry between brothers’ is masterfully negotiated
in Leviticus 19:1-19a. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D. Phil. (Old Testament)
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