This thesis deals with the postprandial thermophilia by the species \kur{Eublepharis macularius}. Research took place in the laboratory conditions with artificially created temperature gradient. 11 individuals of different age, gender and weight were chosen for my experiment. Surveying were in progress 8 hours before and 16 hours after feeding of animals. The experiment was repeated 3 times as surveying and once as a blind test. Although the temperature preference during the individual surveyings was changing, the postprandial thermophilia was not proved by statistic assessment of the experiments for sp. Eublepharis macularius. The thesis contains a literary review about the studied species, summary of published results dealing with postprandial thermophilia observed at reptiles, methodology of the experiment, results and discussion.

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the level of feeding habits of a selected human population segment in order to assess their understanding of issues related to nutrition and to basic components in their diet. For this purpose, a measuring instrument (a questionnaire) was designed. The first part contained questions related to respondent´s eating habits preferences, while the second part of questionnaire included questions examining the level of respondent?s nutritional awareness. In total 389 questionnaires were personally administered and completed by the respondents, under supervision of teachers. On the basis of the recorded answers it was found that, when purchasing food, the interviewed persons are governed mostly by the quality of it (37%). It was also discovered that, 40% of people preferred local foods to foods from abroad. Only 13% of respondents indicated their ?always or almost always? preference for ?bio foods?. It may also be said that, the three most popular dairy products are yoghurts (80%), milk (72%) and cheeses (72%), as opposed to fermented drinks (43%), which are the least consumed dairy products. Among the most popular meats the respondents included these three categories: chicken (83%), pork (73%) and beef (47%). The least favourite meat selected by respondents was mutton and lamb (35%). It was found that, 27% of the respondents follow information presented on food packaging but also that, 16% of the respondents do not follow packaging data, at all. According to the recorded frequency of occurrence the sum of correct answers can be said that most students answer 4 questions correctly. The recorded answer frequency counts show that most respondents answered correctly the following question: "What is bio food?" (94% of respondents). The worst answered individual question had to do with choosing foods with the highest ?Vitamin C? content, with only 7% being correct. On the basis of recorded answers it may be concluded that; the food consumption was influenced by the type of school which the respondents attended; as it appears related to the respondents´ age and their individual ability to decide on their food money spending. The questions that examined the level of information have shown that, the overall percentage of correct answers was increasing depending on the age of a respondent. The total percentage of correct answers kept increasing in relation to increasing age of respondents. No influence of gender on percentage totals of correct responses was demonstrated.

This thesis pursues amphibian biotop preferences in locations where moldavites were quarried in the past. Field work took place in two localities near Trhové Sviny. The first one is situated near the village of Slavče where an illegal extraction still occures,.The second locality is found by the village of Dobrkovská Lhotka. This locality was partially recultivated in 2010. The aim of this work was to establish which factors do influence different amphibian species in the both studied locations. There were found five various species of amphibians near the village of Slavče: the Common frog (Rana temporaria), the Edible frog (Pelophylax kl. esculentus), the European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina), the European tree frog (Hyla arborea) and the Common toad (Bufo bufo). The results were statistically evaluated. Based on them it was established that the Common frog prefers the herb layer, the European Fire-bellied toad prefers semi shaded medium sized pools that do not dry up. The European tree frog and the Edible frog prefer large areas of pools and ponds. More over the edible frog demands ponds that are partially overgrown. The Common toad was represented only with one single individual. Therefore a statistical analasys could not be executed. The whole locality is negatively influenced by local inhabitants who gather here manure and organic waste from their gardens. On locality located near to Dobrkovská Lhotka was transformed from a mining landscape to a pond and three pools. All amphibian species that lived in the locality before reclamation were still present here. Occurrence of Common spadefoot (Pelobates fuscus) was confirmed by the unique finding of a tadpole. Statistical evaluation was not conducted due to the small number and variability of monitored sites.

The studying of the specialized literature and the sources took place at the very beginning of the dissertation and a literature search was made according to this research. The term "personality" was given a definition, four important personality typologies were then briefly described. A characteristic of all sixteen personality types was also described and in conclusion the chosen teaching supports were described. The practical part is to focus on the execution of personality tests on selected students and to find a relationship between the personality types of the students and the teaching support preferences. In this part was used data collected from a questionnaire survey, graphs and tables. A relationship was successfully determined between the personality types of the students and the kind of teaching support they like the most, a lot, a little and the least. A general preference of the individual personality type was determined according to the tables created on the basis of a questionnaire regarding the teaching supports. It was also determined which teaching support is generally preferred by the respondents attending the daily and combined form of study and respondents attending secondary schools. A practical use of the topic of this dissertation could be the feedback provided to the students attending secondary schools, the daily or even the combined form of study. The results could help to make the approach to education better as well as making the teaching supports more effective.

The thesis deals with food preferences of elk (Alces alces) in Czech zoological gardens and contains observation of food preferences in zoo Hluboká nad Vltavou. The results are compared with food offer and preference in the wilds described in literature. The first part of the thesis is aimed at literary review about elk, its characteristic, categorization, distribution and biology. It is focused mainly on the studies dealing with feeding habits and food preferences of elk in the wilds and captivity. The second part describes observation of food preferences of three elks in zoo Hluboká nad Vltavou, provided during 10 feedings. The food quality and composition of feed ration was also evaluated not only in zoo Hluboká nad Vltavou, but also in zoo Praha and zoo Brno (based on information from local zoo keepers). Analysis of variance showed that there are differences in feeding latency between various types of food. Elks preferred dried herbs, carrot and oak bark. On the contrary, elks did not preferred oat flakes and both granules for giraffes and elks. Recommendation for feed ration improving, including also food preferences of the elk were also suggested.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissAL.pdf: 1900640 bytes, checksum: cf26be7c7b6add877a21a382e9a0d61d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-10-20 / This work is the result of a research accomplished in the city of Barretos-SP, with the purpose of to identify and to evaluate the variables of physical and environmental characterization of the sidewalks and public walks, destined to the pedestrians' circulation, under the comfort aspects, safety and environmental conditions. For identification of the variables, a research was accomplished with technicians of the engineering areas, architecture, physiotherapy, medicine, nursing, physical education, transports and psychology using the Method of Delphi. For evaluation of the chosen variables for the technicians, a new research was accomplished with seniors, with age starting from 60 years, where the Technique of the Declared Preference was used. It was verified that the technicians prioritize the variables that are related the a level of acceptable service for the walk and that for the seniors the favorite atmosphere for the walks should present, in first place, comfortable conditions for the movement, without any obstacles and to offer safety mainly during the crossing of the streets. The result of this work can contribute to the definition of plans and projects to facilitate the people's accessibility with some deficiency type or with reduced mobility and to identify the places where are necessary improvements and modifications. / Este trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada na cidade de Barretos-SP, com a finalidade de identificar e avaliar as variáveis de caracterização física e ambiental das calçadas e passeios públicos, destinados à circulação de pedestres, sob os aspectos de conforto, segurança e condições ambientais. Para identificação das variáveis, foi realizada uma pesquisa com técnicos das áreas de engenharia, arquitetura, fisioterapia, medicina, enfermagem, educação física, transportes e psicologia utilizando o Método de Delphi. Para avaliação das variáveis escolhidas pelos técnicos, uma nova pesquisa foi realizada com idosos, com idade a partir de 60 anos, onde foi utilizado a Técnica da Preferência Declarada. Constatou-se que os técnicos priorizam as variáveis que estão relacionadas a um nível de serviço aceitável para a caminhada e que para os idosos o ambiente preferido para as caminhadas deve apresentar, em primeiro lugar, condições confortáveis para a movimentação, sem quaisquer obstáculos e oferecer segurança principalmente durante a travessia das ruas. O resultado deste trabalho poderá contribuir para a definição de planos e projetos para facilitar a acessibilidade das pessoas com algum tipo de deficiência ou com mobilidade reduzida e identificar os locais onde são necessárias melhorias e modificações.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:30:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4682.pdf: 1553901 bytes, checksum: 924716b652063e3e75862aadd43a7ce9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / In some conditions, verbal relations of tact which involves nonverbal stimuli, such as pictures, exhibit characteristics and maintenance of learning different from textual relations, which are controlled by verbal products of verbal responses, such as printed words. These differences trigger practical interest in the teaching of reading when the stimuli that control such verbal operands belong to a single class, and are equivalent. It is assumed that in this proposal as the previous individual experience with each of relation, cannot be contacted directly but can be measured by their respective reinforcing value. The proposal presents a procedure to test this assumption, based on the establishment of stimulus classes involving equivalent relation with figure, printed and spoken words, tests of emergent relations of tact and textual and a procedure of choice in concurrent schedules chained. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the differences between the performances on tasks of tact response (oral response forward figure) and on tasks of textual behavior (oral response forward printed word) correlate with the preference of participants for such a task. In Experiment 1, six university students participated. In Experiment 2A and 2B finished the study four typically developing children without knowing reading repertoires. The general procedure began with the completion of two pre-tests, one requesting an oral responses to the stimuli and the second consisted of an evaluation preference for pictures versus printed words. After completion of the pre-tests, there was a matching procedure-tosample (MTS) for the establishment of equivalence relations. Stimuli were used: three spoken words (A), three figures (B) and three printed words (C). The set (A ') consisted of responses spoken by the participants, corresponding to the words dictated. During the MTS, were taught AB and AC relations, and were tested the emergence of relations BC, CB, BA '(tact) and CA' (textual). In Experiments 1 and 2A were used abstract figures and printed and spoken pseudo-words. In Experiment 2B were used familiar pictures of cow, duck and bell and their corresponding printed and spoken names. After established of equivalence classes, was carried out a procedure of choice in a concurrent schedule of reinforcement with chaining to evaluate preference for tasks. In this evaluation were presented two identical red buttons (Experiments 1 and 2A), or two buttons with icons of pictures and printed words (Experiment 2B) followed by the statement "which one you want?". Once the participant touched a button, a task of tact or a textual was presented. Touches on the right button were followed by the presentation of textual tasks (CA ') and touches on the left button were followed by tact tasks (BA'). If the participant showed preference for task, the position of the buttons was reversed. The results showed no correlation between the performance of tact and textual and preference for tasks. Moreover, the preference for tasks found, by some participants, showed that the establishment of equivalence relations may does not equal the reinforcing value of the tasks of these relations. / Em algumas condições, relações verbais de tato, que envolvem estímulos não verbais tais como objetos apresentam características de aprendizagem e manutenção diferente das relações textuais, que são controladas por estímulos verbais produtos de respostas verbais, tais como palavras impressas. Essas diferenças despertam interesse prático em relação ao ensino da leitura na medida em que os estímulos que controlam tais operantes verbais pertencem a uma única classe, ou seja, são equivalentes. Supõe-se na presente proposta que a experiência individual anterior com cada uma das relações, impossível de ser acessada diretamente, pode ser medida através de seu respectivo valor reforçador. A proposta apresenta um procedimento para testar tal suposição, baseado no estabelecimento de classes de estímulos equivalentes envolvendo figura, palavras faladas e impressas, testes de relações emergentes de tato e textual e um procedimento de escolha em esquemas concorrentes encadeados. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar se as diferenças entre os desempenhos em tarefas de tato e em tarefas de comportamento textual se correlacionam com a preferência dos participantes por uma dessas tarefas. No Experimento 1 participaram 6 alunos universitários e no Experimento 2A e 2B participaram quatro crianças com desenvolvimento típico, sem repertórios de leitura conhecidos. O procedimento geral iniciou com a realização de dois pré-testes, um que solicitava respostas orais para os estímulos e o segundo que se constituiu de uma avaliação de preferência por figuras versus palavras impressas. Em seguida, foi realizado um procedimento de matching-to-sample (MTS) para o estabelecimento das relações de equivalência. Os estímulos usados foram: três palavras ditadas (A), três figuras (B) e três palavras impressas (C). O conjunto (A`) constituiu-se de respostas faladas pelos participantes, correspondentes as palavras ditadas. Durante o MTS foram ensinadas as relações AB e AC e se testou a emergência das relações BC, CB, BA (tato) e CA (textual). Nos Experimentos 1 e 2A foram utilizadas figuras abstratas e pseudo-palavras impressas e faladas. No Experimento 2B foram utilizadas figuras familiares de vaca, pato e sino e seus nomes impressos e falados correspondentes. Depois de estabelecidas as classes de equivalência foi introduzido um procedimento de escolha com esquemas de reforçamento concorrentes encadeados para avaliação de preferência por tarefas. Nessa avaliação eram apresentados dois botões idênticos vermelhos (Experimentos 1 e 2A), ou dois botões com ícones de figuras e palavras impressas (Experimento 2B) seguido da instrução qual você quer? . Assim que o participante tocasse um dos botões, uma tarefa de tato (BA`) ou textual (CA`) era apresentada. Toques no botão da direita eram seguidos da apresentação de tarefas de textual (CA ) e toques no botão da esquerda eram seguidos de tarefas de tato (BA ). Caso o participante demonstrasse preferência por tarefa, a posição dos botões era invertida. Os resultados encontrados não demonstraram correlação entre o desempenho de tato e textual e a preferência por tarefas. Além disso, a preferência por tarefas encontrada, por parte de alguns participantes, mostrou que o estabelecimento de relações de equivalência pode não igualar o valor reforçador das tarefas dessas relações.

A malha rodoviária brasileira é caracterizada por vias com níveis de qualidade heterogêneos. Em geral, rodovias que possuem cobrança de pedágio apresentam melhor estado de conservação. Essa dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar a escolha de rota de diferentes classes de usuários, considerando-se a cobrança de pedágio e a diferença na qualidade das vias. A avaliação envolveu a realização de duas fases de pesquisa. A primeira fase buscou estimar os valores monetários dos atributos de tempo e distância de viagem através da técnica de Preferência Declarada. A segunda fase utilizou estes valores monetários como parâmetros da função de custo generalizado da modelagem de alocação de tráfego para estimar a escolha de rota dos usuários. A partir da metodologia proposta, um estudo de caso foi realizado em um trecho rodoviário que apresenta uma rodovia pedagiada e uma rota concorrente de menor qualidade sem cobrança. Os resultados da aplicação prática não refletiram os dados de fluxo observados nas rodovias avaliadas. A partir desta constatação, um questionário complementar foi elaborado buscando identificar o comportamento habitual dos usuários na região de estudo. Através dos resultados da pesquisa complementar, verificou-se que a maioria dos entrevistados não possuía conhecimento sobre a rota alternativa. A utilização dos dados provenientes destes usuários na modelagem não se mostrou apropriada, uma vez que sua escolha de rota não é baseada nas relações de tempo, distância e penalidades nas vias, consideradas nos modelos de alocação de tráfego. Com isso, pode-se verificar neste estudo que os princípios e limitações das técnicas e ferramentas utilizadas, bem como de sua utilização conjunta, devem ser avaliados. / The Brazilian road system is characterized by roads with heterogeneous level of quality. Generally, tolled roads present better quality conditions than those not tolled. This work aimed to evaluate the route choice of different user’s classes considering toll collection and roads of different qualities. This evaluation was carried out with a methodology composed of two phases preceded by definition of the study region and the users classes considered. The first phase intended to estimate monetary values of time and distance through the Stated Preference technique. The second phase used these monetary values as parameters in an assignment model generalized cost function to estimate user’s route choice. From the proposal methodology, a case study was carried out in a road stretch that presents a tolled highway and a worse quality and without charge alternative route. The practical application results did not reflected the observed flow data in the evaluated highways. From these results, a complementary questionnaire was elaborated to identify the habitual user’s behavior in the study region. It was observed that the majority of the interviewed ones did not have knowledge of the alternative route. Using these data in the modeling was not appropriate because their route choice is not based in time, distance and road penalties relationship like in the assignment models. Thus, it was verified in this study that the principles and limitation of the used techniques and tools, as well as the joint use of these, might be taken in consideration.

O crescente volume de informações disponíveis na rede mundial de computadores, gera a necessidade do uso de ferramentas que sejam capazes de localizá-las e ordenálas, de forma cada vez mais precisa e que demandem cada vez menos recursos computacionais. Esta necessidade tem motivado pesquisadores a estudar e desenvolver modelos e técnicas que atendam esta demanda. Estudos recentes têm sinalizado que utilizar vários ordenamentos (rankings) previamente montados possibilita o retorno e ordenação de objetos de qualquer natureza com mais eficiência, principalmente pelo fato de haver uma redução no custo da busca pela informação. Este processo, conhecido como fusão de rankings, permite que se obtenha um ordenamento com base na opinião de diversos juízes (critérios), o que possibilita considerar um grande número de fontes, tanto geradas automaticamente como por especialistas. Entretanto os modelos propostos até então tem apresentado várias limitações na sua aplicação: desde a quantidade de rankings envolvidos até, principalmente, a utilização de rankings parciais. A proposta desta dissertação é apresentar um modelo de fusão de rankings que busca estabelecer um consenso entre as opiniões (rankings) dos diferentes juízes envolvidos, considerando distintos graus de relevância ou importância entre eles. A base desta proposta está na Análise de Preferência, um conjunto de técnicas que permite o tratamento da multidimensionalidade dos dados envolvidos. Ao ser testado em uma aplicação real, o modelo mostrou conseguir suprir algumas limitações apresentadas em outras abordagens, bem como apresentou resultados similares aos das aplicações originais. Esta pesquisa, ainda contribui, com a especificação de um sistema Web baseado em tecnologias open source, o qual permite que qualquer pessoa possa realizar a fusão de rankings. / The growing volume of available information on the web creates the need to use tools that are capable of retrieve and ordering this information, ever more precise and using less computer resources. This need has motivated researchers to study and develop models and techniques that solve this problem. Recent studies have indicated that use multiple rankings previously mounted makes possible the return and sorting of the objects of any kind with more efficiency, mainly because there is a reduction in the cost of searching for information. This process, called ranking fusion, provide a ranking based on the opinion of several judges (criteria), considering a large number of sources, both generated automatically and also by specialists. However the proposed models have shown severe limitations in its application: from the amount involved rankings to the use of partial rankings. The proposal of this dissertation is to show a model of ranking fusion that seeks to establish a consensus between the judgement (rankings) of the various judges involved, considering different degrees of relevance or importance among them. The baseline of this proposal is the Preference Analysis, a set of techniques that allows the treatment of multidimensional data handling. During tests in a real application, the model supplied some limitations presented by other approaches, and presented results similar to the original applications. Additionally, this research contributes with the specification of a web system based on open-sources technologies, enabling the realization of fusion rankings by anyone.

Estacionamentos dissuasórios são locais destinados a transferência de um modo de transporte de baixa capacidade, automóvel, para um modo de transporte de alta capacidade. A principal vantagem do uso do estacionamento dissuasório, em relação às demais medidas de gerenciamento de demanda, é a manutenção da flexibilidade, associada às viagens de automóvel, no trecho inicial da viagem. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a demanda para um modo combinado de transporte composto por automóvel, estacionamento dissuasório e transporte público, obtida pela atração de viagens atualmente realizadas em automóvel. É proposto um método de previsão de demanda baseado em quatro etapas dentre as quais estão a modelagem das viagens de automóvel, que fornecerá os dados necessários para as etapas posteriores, e a aplicação de um modelo Logit para previsão da divisão modal. O método foi aplicado a um estudo de caso que consiste na construção de três estacionamentos dissuasórios, ao longo do trajeto de uma linha de transporte público atendida por BRT (Bus Rapid Transit), na cidade de Porto Alegre. Os resultados permitiram avaliar a influência dos atributos, descritivos de cada modo de transporte, na escolha do modo de viagem pelo usuário e identificar o percentual de transferência de viagens para o modo combinado, em nível agregado, considerando o total de viagens, e em nível desagregado através da análise por zonas de origem e destino das viagens. O método foi considerado adequado e os resultados foram coerentes com a literatura. / Park and rides are places to transfer from one low capacity mode of transport, car for example, to a high capacity transportation mode. The main advantage of using park and rides, when comparing to other policies of demand management, is to maintain flexibility, related to traveling by car, in the first stage of the journey. This study aims to analize the demand for a combinated transport mode composed for car, park and ride and public transport, obtained by the attraction of trips currently made by car. In this work, a method based on four steps is proposed for demand analize, and among them are the modeling of car trips, which will provide the necessary data for the subsequent stages, and the implementation of a Logit model for predicting the modal split. The method was applied to a case study, which consists in the construction of three park and rides along the route of a public transport line served by a BRT (Bus Rapid Transit), in Porto Alegre. The results allowed to evaluate the influence of the attributes that describe each mode of transport in the user’s trips mode choices and to identify the percentage of transfer of trips to the combined mode, in an aggregated level, considering the total travel, and in a disaggregated level by analyzing the origins and destination zones. The method was considered appropriated and the results were similar to the literature.