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Today’s digital environment has revolutionized the way journalism is manufactured and consumed. Recent changes both empower citizens and present challenges for news organizations and their journalists. Among these challenges is the rapidly growing news aggregation business. News aggregators are websites that do not produce much original content, but curate and organize news articles created by others using human editorial judgment, computer algorithms, or a combination of both. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to evaluate the state of the news media and its relationship with news aggregators in an attempt to answer this central question: Do news aggregators facilitate or impede the news industry’s ability to serve its normative functions in a democratic society? I will argue that while aggregators have improved access to news and amplified the amount of information available to citizens, effective democracy requires the existence of news organizations that employ professional journalists who know how to report new information, not merely to restate and repurpose existing articles. News aggregators build their businesses around monetizing third-party content, effectively stealing readership and advertising revenue from the original publishers. This has created a news industry that is undermanned and struggles to produce quality journalism.

[pt] Livros e jornais são importantes objetos de conhecimento, que moldam nossa maneira de enxergar o mundo. Graças ao avanço das tecnologias digitais e ao aumento da concorrência pelo bolo publicitário, identifica-se, atualmente, uma crise da imprensa – chamando atenção para a disrupção do modelo de negócios do jornalismo, no contexto do que César Bolaño denomina Terceira Revolução Industrial. Enxugamento das redações, acúmulo de funções e pressão por publicações imediatas nas plataformas e redes sociais são realidade recorrente. Como se produzirá um jornalismo de boa qualidade em meio a tal conjuntura de dificuldades financeiras das redações tradicionais e de tempo escasso para o aprofundamento da escrita? Diferentes possibilidades foram e estão sendo pensadas. Aqui, propomos analisar uma dessas tentativas que, apesar de não ter sido originada neste contexto, encontra espaço no presente cenário: o livro-reportagem. Neste trabalho procuramos entender se o livro-reportagem seria uma saída para a manutenção de um jornalismo de qualidade ou se apenas mais uma possibilidade de jornalismo. Adotamos dois principais procedimentos metodológicos: revisão bibliográfica e entrevistas em profundidade, realizadas com quatro jornalistas-autores e uma autora de livro de repórter. As principais referências bibliográficas utilizadas foram Pereira Lima, pioneiro nos estudos sobre livro-reportagem no Brasil; Zarate Maciel, cuja principal subárea de pesquisa é o livro-reportagem; e Catalão Jr. Esta dissertação constata a falta de tempo, no cotidiano das redações, para a produção de reportagens aprofundadas e contextualizadas, que encontram espaço no livro-reportagem. Este formato, entretanto, apresenta obstáculos próprios, dos quais destacamos o exíguo retorno financeiro com o produto editorial. / [en] Books and newspapers are important objects of knowledge, which shape our way of understanding the world. Driven by the advancement of digital technologies and by the increase in competition for the advertising fraction, a press crisis is currently identified – drawing attention to the disruption of the journalism business model, occurred in the context of what César Bolano calls the Third Industrial Revolution. Newsrooms reduction, functions accumulation and pressure for immediate publications on platforms and social media are a recurring reality. How will good quality journalism be produced in such a conjuncture of financial difficulties of the traditional newsrooms and scarce time to deepen the writing? Different possibilities are being considered. Here, we propose to think about one of these attempts that, despite not having originated in this context, finds space in this scenario: the book-report. In this work we try to understand if the book-report would be a way of maintaining quality journalism or if it is just another possibility of journalism. We adopted two main methodological procedures: bibliographic review and in-depth interviews, carried out with four journalist-authors and one author of a reporter s book. Our main bibliographic references were Pereira Lima, pioneer in studies on book-reports in Brazil; Zarate Maciel, whose main research subarea is the book-report; and Catalão Jr. This dissertation notes the lack of time, in daily newsrooms, for the production of in-depth and contextualized reports, which finds space in the book-report. This format, however, presents its own obstacles, of which we highlight the meager financial return.

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The object of this research is the practice of quality news on internet-native news outlets. It aimed at answering the following questions:<p>1) What is high quality news in internet-native news outlets? What is the criterion?<p>2) What are the process of development and experience of internet as news outlets? Why do professional journalists of traditional media seek internet as news outlets?<p>3) How do journalists use ICTs to make the best of alternative news outlets? What are the operation models and their characteristics?<p><p>This dissertation derived from the assumption that internet-native news outlets are effective journalistic practices to improve the quality of the news. To understand this proposition, various perspectives of definition and the way of measuring the quality of the news were adopted in this research. Practically, three internet-native news outlets were chosen as case studies in this research: The French website Rue89, Belgium website Apache and Spanish website Eldiario. The empirical part of this study includes twenty in-depth interviews and observation in their newsrooms, and basic statistics of top news stories in the home page of six websites from the three countries. Therefore, both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used in this research.<p><p>The contribution of this research is rethinking quality journalism in the digital age and introducing the journalistic experiences of professional journalists. First, this research provides an academic definition for the newly generated websites, and theorizes it as Internet-native news outlets. Next, this research analysed internet-native news outlets systematically, especially importing the European journalism website to the domain of online journalism studies. Moreover, the introduction of journalist’s statues in different countries is a valuable complement for journalism studies. Furthermore, the method of interview, observation and case study were applied in this research, which is a new examination of online journalism research. Finally, internet-native news outlets create a positive interaction between journalists and readers, which also enrich the news issues and news resource. It is quite important to rethink and discover the social problems. These academic explorations certainly confront many challenges because of majority of social and culture factors, but the results would be valuable for the reflection on knowledge construction in the international academy.<p> / Doctorat en Information et communication / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished