Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:29:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01013.pdf: 3620566 bytes, checksum: 6254ceb4a640fb0f25dd09a95e2af7d1 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IEA/D / Instituto de Energia Atomica - IEA

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidas condições específicas de RP-HPLC para análise de preparações recombinantes e naturais de hLH, de hCG, e de suas subunidades. O hLH e o hCG heterodimérico e suas subunidades e migraram com tempos de retenção (tR) significativamente diferentes, na seguinte ordem de hidrofobicidade crescente: -hCG < -hLH < hCG < hLH < -hCG < -hLH. Nestas condições, onze preparações foram estudadas: o Padrão Internacional recombinante hLH-WHO 96/602, uma preparação comercial recombinante, duas preparações hipofisárias altamente purificadas de hLH, uma preparação recombinante e duas preparações urinárias de hCG e quatro produtos urinários heterogêneos, contendo hLH + hFSH. Todas as preparações de hLH mostraram um tempo de retenção similar para o pico principal (tR = 38,35 ± 0,42 min; DPR = 1,1 %; n = 4 preparações), enquanto o pico principal do hCG migrou cerca de 4% mais rápido, quando comparado a este valor médio. Picos de hLH, hFSH e hCG foram também identificados nas preparações urinárias heterogêneas. O método foi validado para as sete preparações homogêneas, sendo a exatidão, precisão e sensibilidade calculadas com base na curva dose-resposta, altamente linear (r=0,99998; p<0,0001; n=20). A quantificação de diferentes gonadotrofinas nas preparações heterogêneas foi também realizada, embora com claras limitações de exatidão. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第22224号 / 経博第612号 / 新制||経||292(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 宇仁 宏幸, 教授 久本 憲夫, 教授 久野 秀二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23410号 / 医博第4755号 / 新制||医||1052(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 村川 泰裕, 教授 長尾 美紀, 教授 柳田 素子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The master thesis focuses on measuring the effectiveness of the legislative activities of the upper chambers of the Czech Republic, France, Spain, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. The selected countries represent Medium-strength, Between medium-strength and weak bicameralism, and weak bicameralism according to the theory of Arend Lijphart. The aim was to compare quantifiable indicators of the legislative process and determine how influential or how effective the upper house in the system is. To achieve the set goal, a comparison of statistical variables was used, as well as a logistic regression analysis, which helped to identify significant influences affecting the legislative process. To collect the necessary data, the automated collection was used using an algorithm in the R environment. It was found that the influence of chambers in the legislative process is approximately aligned with the theory of the strength of bicameralism. The study showed that the influence of the Czech Senate is the second-strongest among the studied countries. At the same time, the study showed that authorship and congruence appear to be the most statistically significant. However, that does not apply universally.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Currently, it is common for the risks in construction projects to generate significant budgetary deviations due to their null or insufficient identification and quantification. In relation to this point, and with the focus on improving the competitiveness of construction companies when developing and complying with their budgets, it is essential to have an accurate methodology for estimating the contingency associated with risks from an early stage. This allows the contingency amount not to be exceeded, resulting in better reliability and adjustment of the budget assigned for the project, and therefore guaranteeing the expected profitability. This objective can be achieved using applications such as the Monte Carlo method, since through the probabilistic simulations that can be developed through it, it is possible to precisely establish the value of the contingency associated with project risks in study. It is recommended to carry out these evaluations and analyzes before the project starts. In this sense, this research focuses on establishing a sequential methodology that serves as an application tool for any type of construction project, ensuring the optimization of the budget by minimizing the risks associated with the project.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20980号 / 医博第4326号 / 新制||医||1026(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 原田 浩, 教授 松田 道行, 教授 横出 正之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

United States bicycle commuting rates are low compared to similarly developed countries like the Netherlands and Denmark. However, bicycle commuting shows promise for positive health outcomes, especially those related to chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Little research has been conducted in the U.S. to study the association between bicycle commuting and heart disease. Furthermore, U.S. cities need guidance on how to increase bicycle commuting rates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between U.S. bicycle commuting rates and heart disease prevalence and to identify infrastructure and policy factors most significantly associated with bicycle commuting rates in large U.S. cities. This research quantitatively defined infrastructure and policy factors and analyzed ecologic associations across the 50 most populous U.S. cities. The results of this study are based on an ecologic analysis that evaluated associations at the census tract and city levels. Secondary data from nine sources as used to conduct the analysis. Data sources include the League of American Bicyclists Benchmarking Report, PeopleForBikes bicycle network analysis, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey, and more. A principal components analysis was conducted to identify relevant infrastructure factors for research question one; ordinary least squares regression models were derived to compare associations between infrastructure and policy factors for research question two, and latent class cluster analysis was conducted to calculate the prevalence odds ratios of the association between bicycle commuting rate and heart disease for research question three. Three factors accounted for 70% of the variation in bicycle commuting rates. Those three factors include the average number of cyclist fatalities, the number of city employees working on bicycle projects, and bicycle network connections to public transit. The results also show that the association between bicycle commuting rate and heart disease prevalence was only statistically significant in census tract populations with predominantly high socioeconomic status, low health risk factors, and white race. The ecologic study design likely masked any positive health outcomes in populations with low socioeconomic status. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for transportation and public health practitioners, and the conclusions set the stage for future research on cycling and chronic disease outcomes in the United States. / Doctor of Philosophy / In the U.S., about 1% of the population bicycle commutes to work. Bicycle commuting is uncommon in the U.S. because many people feel it is not a safe or practical form of transportation. However, several U.S. organizations are working to make roadways safer for cyclists. Some of these organizations include The League of American Bicyclists (LAB), PeopleForBikes (PFB), and Smart Growth America (SGA). The LAB has awarded nearly 500 towns and cities with a bicycle-friendly community award, while PFB has created tools to help urban planners examine bicycle networks in their communities. SGA also helps create bicycle-friendly cities by working with elected officials to advocate for policies that will make roadways safer for cyclists. LAB, PFB, and SGA all collect data as part of their work to learn what U.S. communities are doing to support cycling. I used LAB, PFB, and SGA data to determine the most important factors for bicycle-friendliness in the 50 largest U.S. cities. I evaluated the impact of 14 factors, including, but not limited to, protected bike lanes, network connectedness, and bicycle-friendly policy. I found that three factors had the strongest association with bicycle commuting rates in large U.S. cities: network connections to public transit, the number of city employees working on bicycle projects, and the number of deaths from cyclist fatalities. Cities looking to increase bicycle commuting should use these results to focus their efforts on improving public transit networks, increasing the number of work hours spent on bicycle projects, and identifying strategies to reduce cyclist fatalities. U.S. cities should work towards improving bicycle-friendliness because of the population health benefits. In the past 20 years, the percentage of Americans with obesity has increased by 40%, and the percentage of Americans with Type 2 diabetes has doubled. Multiple factors contribute to obesity and diabetes, including bicycle commuting, which has been associated with decreases in both obesity and diabetes. Bicycle commuting may also be associated with heart disease, which is the leading cause of death in the U.S., but more research is needed. In the second part of this study, I evaluated the relationship between bicycle commuting rate and the percentage of Americans living with heart disease. I used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Census Bureau to understand the association between bicycle commuting and heart disease in 50 U.S. cities. I analyzed the data by census tract to understand health outcomes at a population level. I found that the association between bicycle commuting and heart disease was only significant in census tracts that were predominately high-income. I also found that bicycle commuting rates in high-income populations were three times greater than in low-income populations. In other words, health benefits were not visible in low-income populations because of low bicycle commuting rates. Low-income populations have higher rates of obesity and diabetes and would benefit the most from bicycle commuting, yet these populations confront several barriers to cycling. Cities interested in improving bicycle-friendliness should work to engage low-income populations in their work.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka samspelet mellan genus och matlagning samt hur deras roller utspelas i matlagningsprogrammen. Ett urval av tidigare forskning som behandlar vårt specifika ämne samt hur vår studie särskiljer sig från dem återfinns under kapitel två. Med hjälp av de två metoderna kvantitativ och kvalitativ innehållsanalys analyserades innehållet i utvalda avsnitt ur ”Mat” och ”Vad blir det för mat?”. Urvalet av de avsnitt som studerade skedde med ett systematiskt urval. Med Erving Goffmans teori och utvalda nyckelbegrepp skapades ett kodschema som vi sedan applicerade i studiens analysdel. Vi har på ett detaljerat sätt studerat programmen för att se vem som gör vad samt på vilket sätt det presenteras med genusperspektivet i åtanke. Det vi kom fram till var att genus var en väsentlig faktor till de främsta skillnaderna i programmen som i sin tur påverkade aktörernas roller. / The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between gender and cooking, and how their roles unfolding in cooking programs. A selection of previous research that addresses our specific topic and how our study differs from those found in chapter two. Using the two methods quantitative and qualitative content analysis analyzed the contents of selected passages from "Mat" and "Vad blir det för mat? '. The selection of the sections studied were made with a systematic sample. With Erving Goffman's theory and selected key concepts created a coding scheme which we then applied in the study analysis section. We have a detailed manner studied programs to see who is doing what and how it is presented with a gender perspective in mind. What we came up with was that gender was a significant factor for the primary differences in the programs, which in turn affected the actors' roles.

The 2-oxoglutarate and ferrous ion dependent oxygenases are a super family of enzymes that are involved in a wide range of biological processes regulated trough the mechanism of post-translational modification (PTM). Such biological processes include hypoxia sensing (through regulating HIF transcription), fatty acid metabolism (through carnitine production), transcriptional regulation (through demethylation of histones), and collagen structure formation (through proline and lysine hydroxylation). To understand the underlying mechanisms of such regulatory processes, and to develop clinically useful inhibitors, and thereby regulate these processes in living organisms, requires sensitive methods for monitoring enzyme activity. The use of indirect methods such as quantification of reaction products (14CO2 or succinate) can be problematic, as both products can result from competitive reactions. Alternative direct measurement of substrate modifications using mass spectrometry-based proteomics can be applied; however, (1) for this technique the limit of detection is often prohibitive, (2) the method is best suited for the confirmation of known modifications, rather than for the discovery of new modifications, and (3) sequence coverage may often be only 60%, and therefore many modifications can be missed. The aim of the research presented in this thesis was to develop amino acid analysis and to apply these methods to the identification and quantification of PTMs catalysed by 2-oxoglutarate and ferrous ion dependent oxygenases. A range of LC-MS approaches were investigated including: (1) C18 reversed phase chromatography of quinoline derivatised amino acids, (2) ion paring chromatography, and (3) mixed mode chromatography with either UV, or conventional molecular MS, or isotope ratio mass spectrometry detection. Analysis of the elution patterns for those separation techniques enabled estimation of the retention parameters of modified amino acids and the identification of the modifications, where no standards were available. The most sensitive approach developed employed mixed mode chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry which was optimised for the analysis of modified amino acids. This was shown to have a limit of detection two orders of magnitude lower (0.01μM) than other conventional mass spectrometry techniques. Using amino acid labelling in cell culture, a quantification protocol was developed which employed a non-labelled internal standard and selectively labelled cell culture. The method was shown to be suitable for both very accurate quantification at low concentration levels and metabolic studies, allowing us to track back the modifications to their precursors. The analytical methods developed for amino acid analysis were successfully applied to the analysis of modifications resulting from 2-oxoglutarate and Fe dependent oxygenase activity. Stereochemistry of lysyl hydroxylation in the splicing regulatory protein Luk7L2 by JmjD6 as well as of the self hydroxylation of the JmjD6 was identified. The stereochemistry was shown to be different from that of previously reported for the collagen hydroxyline, hydroxylated by the another member of this enzyme family. mbP4H enzyme was shown to catalyse prolyl hydroxylation of taODD resulting in 4R-hydroxyprolyl. Amino acid analysis was used in order to verify the mechanism of the hBBOX catalysed rearrangement of Mildronate. Using the method developed for the analysis of non-derivatised amino acids the screening of potential substrates of hBBOX enzyme was carried out and two new substrates were identified. The isotope ratio mass spectrometry protocol was applied to the study of histones from cell culture; low levels of hydroxylated and methylated amino acids were quantified. The analytical methods described were developed to complement to the well established proteomics techniques. The methods developed enable investigation into the region- and stereo- chemistry of the modified groups within the modified AA residue and has proved to be a powerful tool of exploratory PTM analysis.