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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Modelling of a System for the Detection of Weak Signals Through Text Mining and NLP. Proposal of Improvement by a Quantum Variational Circuit

Griol Barres, Israel 30 May 2022 (has links)
Tesis por compendio / [ES] En esta tesis doctoral se propone y evalúa un sistema para detectar señales débiles (weak signals) relacionadas con cambios futuros trascendentales. Si bien la mayoría de las soluciones conocidas se basan en el uso de datos estructurados, el sistema propuesto detecta cuantitativamente estas señales utilizando información heterogénea y no estructurada de fuentes científicas, periodísticas y de redes sociales. La predicción de nuevas tendencias en un medio tiene muchas aplicaciones. Por ejemplo, empresas y startups se enfrentan a cambios constantes en sus mercados que son muy difíciles de predecir. Por esta razón, el desarrollo de sistemas para detectar automáticamente cambios futuros significativos en una etapa temprana es relevante para que cualquier organización tome decisiones acertadas a tiempo. Este trabajo ha sido diseñado para obtener señales débiles del futuro en cualquier campo dependiendo únicamente del conjunto de datos de entrada de documentos. Se aplican técnicas de minería de textos y procesamiento del lenguaje natural para procesar todos estos documentos. Como resultado, se obtiene un mapa con un ranking de términos, una lista de palabras clave clasificadas automáticamente y una lista de expresiones formadas por múltiples palabras. El sistema completo se ha probado en cuatro sectores diferentes: paneles solares, inteligencia artificial, sensores remotos e imágenes médicas. Este trabajo ha obtenido resultados prometedores, evaluados con dos metodologías diferentes. Como resultado, el sistema ha sido capaz de detectar de forma satisfactoria nuevas tendencias en etapas muy tempranas que se han vuelto cada vez más importantes en la actualidad. La computación cuántica es un nuevo paradigma para una multitud de aplicaciones informáticas. En esta tesis doctoral también se presenta un estudio de las tecnologías disponibles en la actualidad para la implementación física de qubits y puertas cuánticas, estableciendo sus principales ventajas y desventajas, y los marcos disponibles para la programación e implementación de circuitos cuánticos. Con el fin de mejorar la efectividad del sistema, se describe un diseño de un circuito cuántico basado en máquinas de vectores de soporte (SVM) para la resolución de problemas de clasificación. Este circuito está especialmente diseñado para los ruidosos procesadores cuánticos de escala intermedia (NISQ) que están disponibles actualmente. Como experimento, el circuito ha sido probado en un computador cuántico real basado en qubits superconductores por IBM como una mejora para el subsistema de minería de texto en la detección de señales débiles. Los resultados obtenidos con el experimento cuántico muestran también conclusiones interesantes y una mejora en el rendimiento de cerca del 20% sobre los sistemas convencionales, pero a su vez confirman que aún se requiere un desarrollo tecnológico continuo para aprovechar al máximo la computación cuántica. / [CA] En aquesta tesi doctoral es proposa i avalua un sistema per detectar senyals febles (weak signals) relacionats amb canvis futurs transcendentals. Si bé la majoria de solucions conegudes es basen en l'ús de dades estructurades, el sistema proposat detecta quantitativament aquests senyals utilitzant informació heterogènia i no estructurada de fonts científiques, periodístiques i de xarxes socials. La predicció de noves tendències en un medi té moltes aplicacions. Per exemple, empreses i startups s'enfronten a canvis constants als seus mercats que són molt difícils de predir. Per això, el desenvolupament de sistemes per detectar automàticament canvis futurs significatius en una etapa primerenca és rellevant perquè les organitzacions prenguen decisions encertades a temps. Aquest treball ha estat dissenyat per obtenir senyals febles del futur a qualsevol camp depenent únicament del conjunt de dades d'entrada de documents. S'hi apliquen tècniques de mineria de textos i processament del llenguatge natural per processar tots aquests documents. Com a resultat, s'obté un mapa amb un rànquing de termes, un llistat de paraules clau classificades automàticament i un llistat d'expressions formades per múltiples paraules. El sistema complet s'ha provat en quatre sectors diferents: panells solars, intel·ligència artificial, sensors remots i imatges mèdiques. Aquest treball ha obtingut resultats prometedors, avaluats amb dues metodologies diferents. Com a resultat, el sistema ha estat capaç de detectar de manera satisfactòria noves tendències en etapes molt primerenques que s'han tornat cada cop més importants actualment. La computació quàntica és un paradigma nou per a una multitud d'aplicacions informàtiques. En aquesta tesi doctoral també es presenta un estudi de les tecnologies disponibles actualment per a la implementació física de qubits i portes quàntiques, establint-ne els principals avantatges i desavantatges, i els marcs disponibles per a la programació i implementació de circuits quàntics. Per tal de millorar l'efectivitat del sistema, es descriu un disseny d'un circuit quàntic basat en màquines de vectors de suport (SVM) per resoldre problemes de classificació. Aquest circuit està dissenyat especialment per als sorollosos processadors quàntics d'escala intermèdia (NISQ) que estan disponibles actualment. Com a experiment, el circuit ha estat provat en un ordinador quàntic real basat en qubits superconductors per IBM com una millora per al subsistema de mineria de text. Els resultats obtinguts amb l'experiment quàntic també mostren conclusions interessants i una millora en el rendiment de prop del 20% sobre els sistemes convencionals, però a la vegada confirmen que encara es requereix un desenvolupament tecnològic continu per aprofitar al màxim la computació quàntica. / [EN] In this doctoral thesis, a system to detect weak signals related to future transcendental changes is proposed and tested. While most known solutions are based on the use of structured data, the proposed system quantitatively detects these signals using heterogeneous and unstructured information from scientific, journalistic, and social sources. Predicting new trends in an environment has many applications. For instance, companies and startups face constant changes in their markets that are very difficult to predict. For this reason, developing systems to automatically detect significant future changes at an early stage is relevant for any organization to make right decisions on time. This work has been designed to obtain weak signals of the future in any field depending only on the input dataset of documents. Text mining and natural language processing techniques are applied to process all these documents. As a result, a map of ranked terms, a list of automatically classified keywords and a list of multi-word expressions are obtained. The overall system has been tested in four different sectors: solar panels, artificial intelligence, remote sensing, and medical imaging. This work has obtained promising results that have been evaluated with two different methodologies. As a result, the system was able to successfully detect new trends at a very early stage that have become more and more important today. Quantum computing is a new paradigm for a multitude of computing applications. This doctoral thesis also presents a study of the technologies that are currently available for the physical implementation of qubits and quantum gates, establishing their main advantages and disadvantages and the available frameworks for programming and implementing quantum circuits. In order to improve the effectiveness of the system, a design of a quantum circuit based on support vector machines (SVMs) is described for the resolution of classification problems. This circuit is specially designed for the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers that are currently available. As an experiment, the circuit has been tested on a real quantum computer based on superconducting qubits by IBM as an improvement for the text mining subsystem in the detection of weak signals. The results obtained with the quantum experiment show interesting outcomes with an improvement of close to 20% better performance than conventional systems, but also confirm that ongoing technological development is still required to take full advantage of quantum computing. / Griol Barres, I. (2022). Modelling of a System for the Detection of Weak Signals Through Text Mining and NLP. Proposal of Improvement by a Quantum Variational Circuit [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/183029 / TESIS / Compendio
22

Quantum Emulation with Probabilistic Computers

Shuvro Chowdhury (14030571) 31 October 2022 (has links)
<p>The recent groundbreaking demonstrations of quantum supremacy in noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) computing era has triggered an intense activity in establishing finer boundaries between classical and quantum computing. In this dissertation, we use established techniques based on quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) to map quantum problems into probabilistic networks where the fundamental unit of computation, p-bit, is inherently probabilistic and can be tuned to fluctuate between ‘0’ and ‘1’ with desired probability. We can view this mapped network as a Boltzmann machine whose states each represent a Feynman path leading from an initial configuration of q-bits to a final configuration. Each such path, in general, has a complex amplitude, ψ which can be associated with a complex energy. The real part of this energy can be used to generate samples of Feynman paths in the usual way, while the imaginary part is accounted for by treating the samples as complex entities, unlike ordinary Boltzmann machines where samples are positive. This mapping of a quantum circuit onto a Boltzmann machine with complex energies should be particularly useful in view of the advent of special-purpose hardware accelerators known as Ising Machines which can obtain a very large number of samples per second through massively parallel operation. We also demonstrate this acceleration using a recently used quantum problem and speeding its QMC simulation by a factor of ∼ 1000× compared to a highly optimized CPU program. Although this speed-up has been demonstrated using a graph colored architecture in FPGA, we project another ∼ 100× improvement with an architecture that utilizes clockless analog circuits. We believe that this will contribute significantly to the growing efforts to push the boundaries of the simulability of quantum circuits with classical/probabilistic resources and comparing them with NISQ-era quantum computers. </p>
23

Quantum Algorithmic Engineering with Photonic Integrated Circuits

Kallol, Roy January 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Integrated quantum photonics show monolithic waveguide chips to be a promising platform for realizing the next generation of quantum optical circuits. This work proposes the implementation of quantum page Rank algorithm on a photonic waveguide lattice. Our contributions are as follows: Continuous-time quantum stochastic walk(QSW)-an alternate paradigm of quantum computing, is a hybrid quantum walk that incorporates both unitary and non-unitary effects. We propose the use of QSW which necessitates the hopping of the quantum crawler on a directed graph, for the quantum page Rank problem. We propose the implementation of quantum page Rank on a photonic waveguide lattice, where we allow the density matrix to evolve according to the Lindblad-Kossakowski master equation, the diagonal of which gives the quantum page Rank. We have also shown the use of the metric of positional Kolmogorov Complexity as an efficient tool for determining whether or not the quantum channel has been compromised. We appositionally encode multi-photon decoy pulses within the stream of single photon pulses. This positional encoding is chosen in such a way as to have low Kolmogorov complexity. The PNS attack on the multi-photon decoy pulses causes a dip in the ratio of the transmittance of the decoy pulses to the signal pulses in the conventional analysis.
24

Apprentissage de circuits quantiques par descente de gradient classique

Lamarre, Aldo 07 1900 (has links)
Nous présentons un nouvel algorithme d’apprentissage de circuits quantiques basé sur la descente de gradient classique. Comme ce sujet unifie deux disciplines, nous expliquons les deux domaines aux gens de l’autre discipline. Conséquemment, nous débutons par une présentation du calcul quantique et des circuits quantiques pour les gens en apprentissage automatique suivi d’une présentation des algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique pour les gens en informatique quantique. Puis, pour motiver et mettre en contexte nos résultats, nous passons à une légère revue de littérature en apprentissage automatique quantique. Ensuite, nous présentons notre modèle, son algorithme, ses variantes et quelques résultats empiriques. Finalement, nous critiquons notre implémentation en montrant des extensions et des nouvelles approches possibles. Les résultats principaux se situent dans ces deux dernières parties, qui sont respectivement les chapitres 4 et 5 de ce mémoire. Le code de l’algorithme et des expériences que nous avons créé pour ce mémoire se trouve sur notre github à l’adresse suivante : https://github.com/AldoLamarre/quantumcircuitlearning. / We present a new learning algorithm for quantum circuits based on gradient descent. Since this subject unifies two areas of research, we explain each field for people working in the other domain. Consequently, we begin by introducing quantum computing and quantum circuits to machine learning specialists, followed by an introduction of machine learning to quantum computing specialists. To give context and motivate our results we then give a light literature review on quantum machine learning. After this, we present our model, its algorithms and its variants, then discuss our currently achieved empirical results. Finally, we criticize our models by giving extensions and future work directions. These last two parts are our main results. They can be found in chapter 4 and 5 respectively. Our code which helped obtain these results can be found on github at this link : https://github.com/ AldoLamarre/quantumcircuitlearning.

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