The topic of the master´s thesis are voltage and current reference sources. There is detailed description of current and voltage references, which are basic building blocks of many analog circuits, in the theoretical part. Next part of the master´s thesis is the design of a voltage reference source, the design of a voltage reference generating two voltages and a current reference source. The correct function of all circuits have been verified using simulations, especially dependence of the output voltage or current on supply voltage or dependence of the output voltage or current when the ambient temperature is changed.

This diploma thesis focuses on noise analysis of different integrated circuits used for generating temperature stable reference voltage. All noise contributions are studied separately and there is shown a way of their minimization. Circuit using external capacitor with pre-charging system is chosen as the best solution. Output noise of all analyzed circuits is compared and characteristics of final band-gap reference are summarized at the end of the work.

The aim of the thesis is weigh measurement using strain gauges from cheap digital scales. Work describes problems connected with using strain gauges as temperature compensation and requirements for accurate voltage reference and summarize function and wiring of chaep digital scales using four strain gauges. Result of work is design of an electrical circuit for weigh measurement using four strain gauges from analyzed scale.

This thesis analyses expletive usage of Czech word to (it). The aim is to contribute to the current description of Czech expletive to in the subject position and to compare it with English expletive subject it. Theoretical part of this thesis is dedicated to definition of the term reference, and other terms associated with it, and referential, modifying and non- referential functions of to in Czech academic literature. Important part of the theoretical background is definition of semantic criteria for identification of the Czech expletive to by Ivana Kolářová. In Czech academic literature, the term expletive is not widely described, therefore this thesis also gives a brief overview of description of English expletive it. For the purposes of comparison of the Czech and English expletives, this thesis is partly dedicated to a description of partial pro-drop languages and to an explanation how it is connected to the Czech language. There are two types of Czech expletive to defined as a basis for a qualitative analysis: formal expletive subject to in raising constructions and inferential expletive subject to. The analysis is based on 300 manually excerpted examples of constructions with expletive subject to from spoken corpora ORAL2013 and ORTOFON. Both types of expletives are described separately on...

Nowadays due to advancements in Computer Vision algorithms, there is an increasing demand for cost effective and reliable performance evaluation of its algorithms. For objective evaluation of camera object and lane detection algorithms, generation of ground truth is important. Ground truth refers to the set of measurements known to be accurate thereby acting as reference. In context of Computer Vision, it includes a set of labeled images. However, obtaining it by direct observation is not possible. Thus, its generation is an intriguing challenge and numerous efforts have been made in accordance to that. Most commonly, it is generated manually thereby consuming lot of time, effort and money. The existing or proposed semi-automatic approaches fail to address the issues of manual ground truth generation. Currently in the Bosch Validation toolchain, synchronized reference ground truth for Bosch Camera sensor is not present and the annotation is done manually. The term 'reference ground truth' in this thesis refers to the information provided by the reference sensors. Hence, this thesis focuses on the feasibility of Ibeo reference sensors and Ibeo tool chain to obtain synchronized reference GT for enabling automatic preannotation process. The report thus highlights the details related to research, formulated concepts, employed synchronization approach and the developed label toolbox for facilitating fullautomatic pre-annotation process with Reference Sensors System. Upon visualizing the results, the need for cross calibration between Bosch camera and reference sensors is specified. Moreover, with the help of results and findings, requirements are derived to improve the proposed annotation process and to obtain more accurate reference ground truth for evaluation of Front Camera algorithms.

Es werden die Homotopiekategorie einer schwachen Thomason-Modellkategorie sowie schwache Thomason-Modellstrukturen auf Diagrammkategorien konstruiert und Kan-Erweiterungen beliebiger Funktoren zwischen Lokalisatoren untersucht.

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Thesis (M. A. (Information Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The study investigated the awareness towards the and utilisation of Reference Management Software (RMS) by postgraduate students in the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Limpopo, South Africa. The aim of the study was to examine the awareness and usage of RMS among postgraduate students in the Faculty of Humanities. The study sought to fulfil the following objectives, namely: to describe the types of RMS available for use in university libraries; to determine awareness of RMS by postgraduate students in the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Limpopo; to measure the extent to which postgraduate students in this faculty use RMS when writing academic papers; to identify the purposes for which the postgraduate students use RMS; and to identify postgraduate students’ perceptions regarding the use of RMS Quantitative research orientation though a survey research design were adopted in the study. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 320 respondents and a total number of 244 questionnaires were returned and a response rate of 76% was achieved. The findings of the study show that most of the respondents (59%) were aware of the RMS. Most of the postgraduate students became familiar with the software through attending library training. However, the study found that the usage of RMS was low as 45% postgraduate students indicated that they have used RMS before whilst, 55% indicated that they have never used the RMS before. RefWorks remains the most popular used software among postgraduate students. Most of the respondents’ reason for using RMS amongst others was because they have received training, and some mentioned the fact that it was the only RMS they were familiar with. The study also found that the respondents use RMS to cite sources for assignments, research and papers, as well as to create reference list and collect and organise citations. The study revealed that the respondents like RMS because it assists and improves referencing. The study recommends for an intensified library training by academic librarians so that students should know advanced features of the RMS.

This thesis proposes, validates, and compares low-complexity algorithms for the fast-and-safe charge and balance of Li-ion batteries both for the single cell case and for the case of a serially-connected string of battery cells. The proposed algorithms are based on a reduced-order electrochemical model (Equivalent Hydraulic Model, EHM), and make use of constrained-control strategies to limit the main electrochemical degradation phenomena that may accelerate aging, namely: Lithium plating in the anode and solvent oxidation inthe cathode. To avoid the computational intensiveness of solving an online optimization as in the Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework, this thesis proposes the use of Reference Governor schemes. Variants of both the Scalar Reference Governors (SRG) and the Explicit Reference Governors (ERG) are developed to deal with the non-convex admissible region for the charge of a battery cell, while keeping a low computational burden. To evaluate the performance of the proposed techniques for the single cell case, they are experimentallyvalidated on commercial Turnigy LCO cells of 160 mAh at four different constant temperatures (10, 20, 30 and 40 °C). In the second part of this thesis, the proposed charging strategies are extended to take into account the balance of a serially-connected string of cells. To equalize possible mismatches, a centralized policy based on a shunting grid (active balance) connects or disconnects the cells during the charge. After a preliminary analysis, a simple mixed-integer algorithm was proposed. Since this method is computationally inefficient due to the high number of scenarios to be evaluated, this thesis proposes a ratio-based algorithm based on a Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) approach. This approach can be used within both MPC and RG schemes. The numerical validations of the proposed algorithms for the case of a string of four battery cells are carried out using a simulator based on a full-order electrochemical model. Numerical validations show that the PWM-like approach charges in parallel all the cells within the pack, whereas the mixed-integer approach charges the battery cells sequentially from the battery cell with the lowest state of charge to the ones with the highest states of charge. On the basis of the simulations, an algorithm based on a mixed logic that allows to charge in a “sequential parallel” approach is proposed. Some conclusions and future directions of research are proposed at the end of the thesis. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

demonstrative determiner - actualization - identification - reference - deixis - anaphora - cataphora - literary narative text Demonstrative determiner actualises and identifies a noun by designation the referent of this noun. Demonstrative determiner designates the referent in space (physical surroundings of the speaker), in context, or in common shared experience. In literary text, demonstrative determiner designates the referent in context by anaphora or cataphora, in some cases it designates the referent in fictional space.