Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2006. / Principal faculty advisor: Norman J. Wagner, Dept. of Chemical Engineering. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 174-178).

Doctor of Philosophy / Civil Engineering / Kyle Riding / Pre-stressed concrete is used for manufacturing railroad ties. Air entrainment is used in concrete railroad ties to provide durability in freeze-thaw conditions commonly present in track. Vibration practices in pre-stressed concrete railroad tie plants could contribute to excessive air loss during manufacture and thus poor freeze-thaw resistance. Rheological properties of fresh concrete significantly influence the determination of how much air is lost during vibration. This research attempted to increase understanding of the effect of vibration on air bubble distribution and freeze-thaw resistance of concrete given certain compositions and rheological properties of concrete. The objective was achieved by examining the effect of different admixtures combinations, vibration parameters, and rheological properties on the air void system and freeze-thaw resistance of concrete. This research also proposed a method to measure rheological properties of concrete when vibrated and for concrete mixtures too stiff to measure using conventional rheology measurements. Results showed that delaying the initiation of vibration can cause significant air loss but does not necessarily decrease freeze-thaw performance of concrete. Results also showed that a majority of air loss occurs in the first 30 seconds of vibration. The types of admixtures used in the concrete mixture can significantly affect the air system and freeze-thaw durability of concrete; this effect was shown to be more pronounced in mixtures with low yield stress and plastic viscosity. While the peak vibration acceleration had a mild effect, the frequency and peak velocity of vibration did not seem to have a noticeable effect on the air system and freeze-thaw performance of concrete. Results also showed that rheological properties of stiff mixtures can be estimated by running the rheology test during vibration.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-10-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:21:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 capelli_a_me_sjrp.pdf: 938078 bytes, checksum: d77a518a566e9e86362faf488ec965a9 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Muitos trabalhos acadêmicos vêm sendo realizados atualmente a respeito da caracterização reológica de diversos fluidos. O problema é que os reômetros comerciais apresentam, em muitos casos, imprecisões, que se relacionam a diversos fatores, como os ligados às próprias condições de fluxo durante as análises. A escolha da faixa de taxas de deformação em que devem ser realizadas as análises é fundamental para a obtenção de resultados mais precisos. Neste trabalho realizou-se a caracterização reológica, em diferentes temperaturas, do diesel B, mistura de diesel (95 %) com biodiesel (5 %) que é distribuída em postos de combustíveis em todo o território brasileiro. Todas as análises reológicas foram realizadas em um reômetro rotacional AR-G2, marca TA Instruments, utilizando-se geometria de cilindros concêntricos. Verificou-se e descartou-se a influência do tempo sobre o comportamento reológico do fluido. Diferentes faixas de taxas de deformação foram testadas e fluidos de calibração foram utilizados para validar a escolha da melhor faixa de taxas de deformação. Determinaram-se curvas de escoamento e de viscosidade, e diferentes modelos reológicos – Newton, Ostwald de Waele, Bingham e Herschel-Bulkley –foram testados, buscando o melhor ajuste aos dados experimentais. As análises realizadas com os fluidos de calibração mostraram que o reômetro apresentava-se apropriado para a caracterização reológica de fluidos Newtonianos, especialmente em faixa de taxas de deformação entre 10 s -1 e 500 s -1 , para fluidos com viscosidade de ordem 10 -1 Pa.s a 1 Pa.s. A viscosidade da água foi verificada a 25 ºC e estava de acordo com a literatura, quando verificada em faixa de taxas de deformação entre 10 s -1 e 100 s -1 . O diesel B foi mais bem caracterizado reologicamente em faixa de taxas de deformação entre 10 s -1 e 500 s -1 , tendo apresentado... / Many academic studies have currently been conducted regarding the rheological characterization of several fluids. The problem is that commercial rheometers, in many cases, have inaccuracies that are associated to different factors such as those related to flow conditions during analysis. The choice of the range of strain rates in which the analysis must be performed is essential in order to obtain more accurate results. In this work the rheological characterization of diesel B, mixture of diesel (95%) and biodiesel (5%), which is distributed at gas stations throughout the Brazilian territory, was performed at different temperatures. All rheological analyzes were performed on an AR-G2 TA Instruments rotational rheometer, using concentric cylinder geometry. The time influence on the rheological behavior of the fluid was checked and discarded. Different ranges of strain rates were tested and calibration fluids were used to validate the choice of the best range of strain rates. Flow curves and viscosity were determined, and different rheological models – Newton, Ostwald of Waele, Bingham and Herschel-Bulkley – were tested, seeking the best fit to the experimental data. The analyzes performed with the calibration fluids showed that the rheometer was suitable for the rheological characterization of Newtonian fluids, especially in the range of strain rates between 10 s -1 and 500 s -1 for fluids with a viscosity of the order 10 -1 Pa.s a 1 Pa.s. The water viscosity was checked at 25 ° C and it was in agreement with the literature, when seen in the range of strain rates between 10 s -1 and 100 s -1 . Diesel B was better characterized rheologically in range of strain rates between 10 s -1 and 500 s -1 , and presented Newtonian behavior at all tested temperatures. The temperature influence on the rheological parameters obtained for diesel B was assessed between 10ºC and 40ºC... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Javier Telis Romero / Coorientador: Ana Lúcia Gabas / Banca: José Francisco Lopes Filho / Banca: Luis Antonio Minin / Resumo: Muitos trabalhos acadêmicos vêm sendo realizados atualmente a respeito da caracterização reológica de diversos fluidos. O problema é que os reômetros comerciais apresentam, em muitos casos, imprecisões, que se relacionam a diversos fatores, como os ligados às próprias condições de fluxo durante as análises. A escolha da faixa de taxas de deformação em que devem ser realizadas as análises é fundamental para a obtenção de resultados mais precisos. Neste trabalho realizou-se a caracterização reológica, em diferentes temperaturas, do diesel B, mistura de diesel (95 %) com biodiesel (5 %) que é distribuída em postos de combustíveis em todo o território brasileiro. Todas as análises reológicas foram realizadas em um reômetro rotacional AR-G2, marca TA Instruments, utilizando-se geometria de cilindros concêntricos. Verificou-se e descartou-se a influência do tempo sobre o comportamento reológico do fluido. Diferentes faixas de taxas de deformação foram testadas e fluidos de calibração foram utilizados para validar a escolha da melhor faixa de taxas de deformação. Determinaram-se curvas de escoamento e de viscosidade, e diferentes modelos reológicos - Newton, Ostwald de Waele, Bingham e Herschel-Bulkley -foram testados, buscando o melhor ajuste aos dados experimentais. As análises realizadas com os fluidos de calibração mostraram que o reômetro apresentava-se apropriado para a caracterização reológica de fluidos Newtonianos, especialmente em faixa de taxas de deformação entre 10 s -1 e 500 s -1 , para fluidos com viscosidade de ordem 10 -1 Pa.s a 1 Pa.s. A viscosidade da água foi verificada a 25 ºC e estava de acordo com a literatura, quando verificada em faixa de taxas de deformação entre 10 s -1 e 100 s -1 . O diesel B foi mais bem caracterizado reologicamente em faixa de taxas de deformação entre 10 s -1 e 500 s -1 , tendo apresentado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Many academic studies have currently been conducted regarding the rheological characterization of several fluids. The problem is that commercial rheometers, in many cases, have inaccuracies that are associated to different factors such as those related to flow conditions during analysis. The choice of the range of strain rates in which the analysis must be performed is essential in order to obtain more accurate results. In this work the rheological characterization of diesel B, mixture of diesel (95%) and biodiesel (5%), which is distributed at gas stations throughout the Brazilian territory, was performed at different temperatures. All rheological analyzes were performed on an AR-G2 TA Instruments rotational rheometer, using concentric cylinder geometry. The time influence on the rheological behavior of the fluid was checked and discarded. Different ranges of strain rates were tested and calibration fluids were used to validate the choice of the best range of strain rates. Flow curves and viscosity were determined, and different rheological models - Newton, Ostwald of Waele, Bingham and Herschel-Bulkley - were tested, seeking the best fit to the experimental data. The analyzes performed with the calibration fluids showed that the rheometer was suitable for the rheological characterization of Newtonian fluids, especially in the range of strain rates between 10 s -1 and 500 s -1 for fluids with a viscosity of the order 10 -1 Pa.s a 1 Pa.s. The water viscosity was checked at 25 ° C and it was in agreement with the literature, when seen in the range of strain rates between 10 s -1 and 100 s -1 . Diesel B was better characterized rheologically in range of strain rates between 10 s -1 and 500 s -1 , and presented Newtonian behavior at all tested temperatures. The temperature influence on the rheological parameters obtained for diesel B was assessed between 10ºC and 40ºC... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007 / The rheological behaviour of non-Newtonian, highly concentrated and non-transparent fluids used in industry have so far been analysed using commercially available instruments, such as conventional rotational rheometers and tube viscometers. When dealing with the prediction of non-Newtonian flows in pipes, pipe fittings and open channels, most of the models used are empirical in nature. The fact that the fluids or slurries that are used normally are opaque, effectively narrows down the variety of applicable in-line rheometers even further, as these instruments are normally based on laser or visible light techniques, such as Laser Doppler Anemometry. Electrical Resistance Tomography is a non-invasive method used to look into opaque suspensions during pipe flow, but cannot be used to measure in-line rheometry. In this research, an Ultrasound Pulsed Echo Doppler Velocity Profile technique (UVP), in combination with a pressure difference (PD) was tested to provide in-line measurement of rheological parameters. The main objective ofthis research was to evaluate the capabilities of the UVP-PD technique for rheological characterisation of different concentrations of non-transparent non-Newtonian slurries. A unique pipe viscometer was designed and constructed. It consisted of four pipes, one of stainless steel and three of PVC, linked to an in-line mass-flow meter and equipped with two different ranges of pressure transducers on each pipe. The stainless steel pipe, with an inner diameter of 16 mm, was equipped with a specially designed flow adapter for in-line rheological characterisation using the UVP-PD method. The three PVC pipes with different diameters of 9 mm, 13 mm and 16 mm served as a tube viscometer for in-line rheological characterisation of mineral suspensions.

Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. / Emulsion explosives are classified as highly concentrated water-in-oil emulsions with high droplet volume fraction that exceeding the close packing limit of spherical droplets. These emulsions are commonly used as re-pumpable materials. Thus, the shearing action resulting from the transportation process of these materials has a tremendous impact on their structures and functionality and might reduce the shelf-life and performance of the products. Therefore the main goal of this research was to investigate the stability of highly concentrated water-in-oil emulsion under shearing using a newly designed piston-pumping instrument. The results of measurement included the droplet size distribution, microscopic observation, flow and viscoelastic properties of the materials. Neither crystallisation nor other destabilisation phenomena such as coalescence, partial coalescence, or phase inversion occurred during the shearing process of these emulsions, regardless of their formulation content. It was found that the high shearing action within this research experimental window induced droplet refinement. The changes in droplet size distribution were achieved by multipass flow through a small orifice set as outlet of the piston-chamber pumping instrument, and intensive shearing provided the shift of the droplet sizes to the smaller-size side of the distribution. Their distributions were wider and of Gaussian type. Two models were proposed and used to fit the refinement evolution and the width of distributions respectively.

No description available.

Orientador: Carlos Alberto Gasparetto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T10:48:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bezerra_JoseRaniereMazileVidal_D.pdf: 32355992 bytes, checksum: 484ef63e0b0cbcd9ace1a86835808b69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 / Resumo: Neste trabalho experimental foi determinado o comportamento reológico da polpa de manga variedade Keitt na faixa de temperatura de 10°C a 60°C. A polpa integral foi produzida em planta piloto e refinada num "finisher" com peneira de 1,6mm. Foram também utilizadas a polpa integral centrifugada e a integral despectinizada. As análises reológicas foram conduzidas num reômetro Haake Rotovisco RV-20 com geometrias de cilindros concêntricos e de placas paralelas. Os reogramas foram descritos pelos modelos de Ostwaldde-Waelle (Lei da Potência), Casson, Herschel-Bulkley e Mizrahi-Berk na faixa de taxa de deformação 50-900s-1 e todas as amostras apresentaram comportamento pseudoplástico. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o sistema de cilindros concêntricos e de placas paralelas pq 45, com distância de 1,Omm, são os mais adequados à caracterização reológica das polpas ensaiadas. Os resultados também foram analisados em termos de viscosidade aparente, calculadas a partir do modelo de Mizrahi-Berk, através do qual foram ajustados os dados obtidos com cilindros concêntricos. O efeito da temperatura sobre os parâmetros reológicos que representam o índice de consistência (KM)foram ajustados, usando-se a equação de Arrhenius ln(KM) Al+Bl/T. Nos casos dos modelos de Mizrahi-Berk e Lei da Potência o índice de comportamento (nM)foi ajustado por uma função do tipo nM -A2+B2T. As polpas integral e despectinizada, a partir de 40°C, mostraram um aumento da viscosidade aparente / Abstract: Experiments were conducted in order to know the rheological behaviour ofmango pulp (Keitt) in the temperature range lO-60°C. Whole pulp was produced at pilot plant and refined in a finisher with 1.6mmmesh. Whole centrifuged and whole despectinized pulps were also analysed. Rheometry was conducted with a Haake-Rotovisco RV-20 system using both concentric cylinders and parallel plate. Rheograms were fitted with models by Ostwaldde-Waelle, Casson, Herschel-Bulkley and Mizrahi-Berk for the shear rate within the range 50-900s-1, showing pseudoplastic behaviour for alI pulps. Aparent viscosity were obtained from calculations using the Mizrahi-Berk fitted parameters in to data produced with concentric cylinders. Consistency index (KM)of the best fitted models were described in terms of temperature using Arrhenius equation ln(KM) Al+Bl/T and the flow behaviour index (nM)was fitted to nM A2+B2T. Whole and despectinized pulps showed an increase in apparent viscosity beyhond 40°C / Doutorado / Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos

Orientador: Carlos Alberto Gasparetto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T09:36:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gozzo_AngelaMaria_M.pdf: 4762020 bytes, checksum: 0d5dc688b48d897c862795ea7fe818cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: Neste trabalho foi determinado o comportamento reológico de chocolate sem fibras e chocolate enriquecido com fibras solúveis. As amostras foram produzidas em planta piloto, aplicando-se a mesma formulação e processo para ambas as amostras, variando somente a quantidade de açúcar e fibras. As análises reológicas foram realizadas em um reômetro de cilindros concêntricos marca HAAKE Rotovisco RV-20, em temperaturas de 38, 40, 42, 45 e 50°C, na faixa de deformação de 0 a 250 s-1. Os pontos experimentais dos reogramas foram ajustados aos modelos reológicos de Casson, Bingham e Windhab e todos descreveram adequadamente o comportamento reológico dos chocolates. Os parâmetros ajustados pelos modelos de Bingham e de Windhab foram muito próximos, indicando que os termos adicionados ao modelo de Windhab não influenciaram no comportamento reológico das amostras. O melhor ajuste reológico foi obtido pelo modelo de Casson, apresentando coeficientes de correlação próximos a um (1.0) e uma diferença entre os valores experimentais e preditos pelo modelo próxima a zero. Para analisar o comportamento da tensão de cisalhamento em relação ao tempo, os experimentos foram realizados à taxas de deformação constantes (50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 s-1) para cada temperatura. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a viscosidade plástica e a tensão residual são maiores para as amostras de chocolate enriquecido com fibras, as quais não apresentaram comportamento tixotrópico. O efeito da temperatura sobre os parâmetros reológicos foi descrito pelo modelo de Arrhenius, observou-se que a energia de ativação é maior para as amostras de chocolate enriquecidas com fibras / Abstract: The concern of this work was to determine the rheological behaviour of chocolate without fibers and chocolate enriched with soluble fibers. Those samples were produced at pilot plant, using the same recipe and process, varying sugar and fibers amount. The rheological analyses were realized in a HAAKE Rotovisco RV-20 system using concentric cylinders, at 38, 40, 42, 45 and 50°C for shear rate at 0 - 250 s-1. Rheograms were fitted according to the following models: Bingham, Casson e Windhab. The parameters adjusted by the Bingham and Windhab models were satisfactory, indicating that the terms added to the Windhab model, didn't have influence in the rheological behaviour of the samples. The best rheological adjustment was obtained by Casson model where the plastic viscosity decreased with temperature and the yield stress had a unsteady behaviour for both samples. The results showed that the plastic viscosity and the yield stress the largest for the chocolate enriched with fibers, which didn't present thixotropy behaviour. The Arrhenius model describe the temperature effect on rheology behaviour of samples. The results also showed that activation energy for enriched chocolate with soluble fibers is bigger than activation energy for chocolates without fibers / Mestrado / Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos