Orientador: Daniel Barrera Arellano / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T11:35:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rocha_JulioCesarBarbosa_M.pdf: 24598807 bytes, checksum: 90f87fe1c3e7c9e31d7d85e39bf82613 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Os óleos e gorduras representam um papel nutricional chave na alimentação humana e apresentam importância como estrutura de muitos produtos alimentícios que consumimos, como margarinas, por exemplo. Gorduras sólidas, ricas em ácidos graxos saturados foram, durante muito tempo, utilizadas para obter produtos com as características tecnológicas desejáveis de textura e dureza, sendo substituídas por gorduras ricas em ácidos graxos trans. Com a descoberta dos efeitos negativos dos ácidos graxos trans para a saúde esses materiais foram substituídos por gorduras de alta tecnologia obtidas por processos químicos de interesterificação que novamente se utilizam da presença de ácidos graxos saturados. Alternativas tecnológicas visando à redução dos teores de ácidos graxos saturados se fazem necessárias. Sendo o óleo de soja de baixo custo, elevada disponibilidade e baixo teor de ácidos graxos saturados, ele se mostra adequado ao desenvolvimento de novas gorduras tecnológicas utilizando ceras vegetais como agentes estruturantes, para a obtenção de organogéis. Organogéis são misturas com capacidade de se auto-sustentarem, formadas por uma fase contínua líquida e um agente estruturante, neste caso a cera. A cera de cana- de-açúcar tem seu interesse elevado devido ao alto potencial produtivo brasileiro, aliado à suas características físicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de formação de organogéis com a cera de cana-de-açúcar e suas frações solúvel e insolúvel em etanol a quente e avaliar o comportamento físico desses organogéis. Os três estruturantes estudados apresentaram capacidade de formar organogéis na condição de cristalização estática a 5°C nas concentrações estudadas (1, 2, 3 e 4% m/m), e apenas a fração insolúvel em etanol a quente incapaz de formar organogéis estáveis sob a condição de cristalização estática a 25°C. As propriedades térmicas dos géis foram as esperadas para o material, sendo diferentes para cada um dos estruturantes as temperaturas de início de cristalização variaram entre 42 e 47°C e de fusão entre 49 e 59°C. Os géis apresentaram resistência mecânica, sendo que os géis mais resistentes foram os de 4% (m/m) da cera clarificada e purificada e da fração solúvel em etanol. O comportamento reológico foi típico para géis termorreversíveis com aumento de viscosidade nas temperaturas entre 40 e 44°C, coincidindo com a temperatura encontrada por DSC. A microestrutura observada para os organogéis foi característica de uma rede tridimensional organizada para as amostras contendo cera cristalizada e purificada e a fração solúvel em etanol e desorganizada para o organogel obtido pela fração insolúvel em etanol. Os organogéis apresentaram estabilidade por 7 dias em diferentes condições de temperatura (5, 25 e 35°C) com exceção do organogel obtido com a fração insolúvel em etanol cristalizada em 25°C. Os organogéis formados apresentaram baixa resistência mecânica e térmica, sendo de fácil fusão, porém podem ser adequados para aplicações industriais como substitutos de gorduras moles / Abstract: Fats and oils present a key role in our diet, as nutrients and as structure for many food products that we consume such as margarines. Solid fats rich in saturated fatty acids were used during a long time to obtain food products with desirable technological characteristics of hardness and texture, being replaced by rich in trans fatty acids fats. With the discovery of the negative health effects of trans fatty acids, these materials were replaced by high technology fats such as chemically modified interesterified fats that again used saturated fatty acids to get the desirable texture. Technological alternatives to reduce the intake of saturated fatty acids are needed. Soybean oil is a low cost, highly available and low in saturated fatty acids source of lipid, being adequate for the development of new technological fats using vegetable waxes as structuring agents, forming organogels. Organogels are mixtures that are capable of self-support, formed by a liquid continuous phase and a structuring agent, in this case wax. Sugarcane wax is interesting because of its high productive potential presented in Brazil and because of its physical characteristics. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of sugarcane wax and its hot ethanol soluble and insoluble fractions to form organogels and evaluate the physical behavior of these organogels. The three structurants presented the ability to form organogels at static crystallization at 5°C at the studied concentration (1, 2, 3 and 4%, w/w), but the hot ethanol insoluble fraction wasn¿t capable of forming stable organogels at static crystallization at 25°C. The thermal properties of the studied organogels were as expected for the kind of material, being different for each structurant in a range of 42 to 47°C for crystallization and 49 to 59°C for melting. The organogels presented mechanical hardness, being the most resistant the 4% (w/w) of clarified and purified wax and hot ethanol soluble fraction. The organogels also presented a typical rheological behavior presenting thermoreversibility and an increase of viscosity at the temperature range of 40 to 44°C, similar to measure on DSC. The observed microstructure was a tridimensional organized network for the samples clarified and purified sugarcane wax and hot ethanol soluble fraction and more disorga nized for the hot ethanol insoluble fraction. The organogels presented stability for 7 days at different temperature conditions (5, 25 and 35°C) with the exception being the hot ethanol insoluble fraction crystallized at 25°C. The developed organogels presented low mechanical and thermal resistance, being easily melted, however they can be adequate for technological application as replacement for soft fats / Mestrado / Tecnologia de Alimentos / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

L’utilisation des coulis d’hydrates comme Fluides Frigoporteurs Diphasiques (FFD) permet de réduire l’impact environnemental des systèmes frigorifiques car ces fluides possèdent une densité énergétique élevée. Leur application pour le stockage d’énergie thermique serait une réponse à une problématique industrielle de distribution de froid (climatisation, procédés de refroidissement). Un montage expérimental constitué d’une boucle de circulation et d’un réacteur de formation a été utilisé afin d’évaluer les caractéristiques thermo-hydrauliques des coulis d’hydrates de CO2 et a permis de déterminer les viscosités et les coefficients d’échange convectif des coulis. A l’aide de ces paramètres, une étude énergétique et exergétique a été réalisée sur le système. Cette étude a permis de développer un modèle numérique capable d’évaluer la distribution de l’énergie dans différents éléments du montage expérimental (réacteur de formation des hydrates et échangeur de chaleur pour la dissociation des hydrates), ainsi que de déterminer les pertes exergétiques engendrées par ces éléments. Un bon accord entre les données expérimentales et le modèle numérique pour le suivi en température du coulis lors de sa formation et dissociation a été montré. L’étude a confirmé que les fluides diphasiques présentent une plus grande efficacité énergétique et moins de pertes exergétiques que les fluides monophasiques. / Hydrates slurries as two-phase secondary refrigerants (FFD) reduces the environmental impact of refrigeration systems because these fluids have a high energy density. Their use for cold storage could be a solution to an industrial cold distribution at various temperature levels (air-conditioning, cooling process or preservation temperature). An experimental device composed of a circulation loop and a formation tank enables to characterize the thermal-hydraulic properties of CO2 hydrates slurries in order to determine the viscosities and the convective heat transfer coefficients of hydrates slurries. With these hydraulic and thermal parameters, an energy study was carried out on the system. Within this study a numerical model was developed to evaluate the energy distribution in different experimental elements (hydrate formation tank and hydrates dissociation heat exchanger) and to determine the exergetic losses created by these components. A good agreement between the experimental data and the numerical model for the temperature evolution of the slurry has been shown. The study has confirmed that multi-phases fluids provide higher energy efficiency and less exergetic losses than one-phase fluids.

Nous avons étudié expérimentalement la dynamique de remontée de bulles dans des fluides complexes, allant de solutions de polymère à des milieux granulaires immergés, dans le cas d'une géométrie confinée (cellule de Hele-Shaw). Dans un premier temps, nous avons considéré la remontée d'une bulle unique dans une solution de polymère confinée. Le fluide choisi (PEO) est viscoélastique et rhéofluidifiant. Au-delà d'un volume critique, nous avons mis en évidence et caractérisé deux types d'instabilités : la bulle est défléchie de sa trajectoire verticale, ou se fragmente. L'extension de cette expérience au cas de l'injection continue d'air en base de la cellule a permis de quantifier la dynamique couplée entre les bulles et en particulier leur coalescence, qui dépend fortement du débit d'injection. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons considéré le cas d'un milieu granulaire immergé : un lit de grains à surface libre, dans lequel de l'air est injecté à débit constant par un unique point d'injection en base de la cellule. En régime stationnaire, la mise en mouvement des grains par le passage répété de l'air conduit à la formation d'une zone fluide. Nous avons quantifié la dynamique des bulles dans cette zone et montré que même en variant la taille des grains et le débit de gaz, la fraction de gaz piégée dans la zone fluide reste constante. Enfin, nous avons considéré l'influence d'un obstacle fixe sur la dynamique du canal d'air central. Un diagramme des régimes est établi en fonction de la taille et de la hauteur de l'obstacle : soit le canal est stabilisé par l'obstacle, soit il est instable et explore de manière intermittente l'un ou l'autre côté de l'obstacle. / We have studied experimentally the dynamics of bubbles rising in complex fluids, from polymer solutions to immersed granular media, in a confined geometry (Hele-Shaw cell). In a first part, we considered the rise of a single bubble in a confined polymer solution. The fluid (PEO) is viscoelastic and shear-thinning. Above a critical volume, we have observed and characterized two types of instabilities : the bubble is deflected from its vertical trajectory, or fragments. The extension of this experiment to continuous air injection at of the cell bottom made it possible to quantify the coupled dynamics between bubbles and in particular their coalescence, which is highly dependent on the injection rate. In a second part, we considered the case of a immersed granular medium, in which air is injected at constant flow rate through a single nozzle at the cell bottom. In the steady state, the movement of the grains generated by the successive air pathways leads to the formation of a fluidized zone. We quantified the bubble dynamics in this zone and showed that even when varying the grains size and gas flow rate, the fraction of gas trapped in the fluidized zone remains constant. Finally, we considered the influence of a fixed obstacle on the dynamics of the central air channel. A phase diagram is established depending on the size and height of the obstacle: either the channel is stabilized by the obstacle, or it is unstable and intermittently explores each side of the obstacle.

We calculate the stress response, or rheology, of a micro-mechanical model suspension of rigid, Brownian spheroids in a Newtonian fluid in an oscillatory shear flow. The straining and rotation components of a linear flow affects the microstructure, or particle orientation in space and time, and thus, the suspension stress. A statistical description of the microstructure is given by an orientation probability distribution function, which quantifies the likelihood of a particle possessing a particular orientation at an instance in time. The evolution of the microstructure results from the memory of the material, advection from the flow, and rotational Brownian motion. The macroscopic stress response is calculated from ensemble averages of the stresslet weighted by the orientation distribution function. First, we calculate the linear stress response of a dilute suspension of rigid, spheroidal, self-propelled particles under a small-amplitude oscillatory shear deformation using regular perturbation theory. The particle activity leads to a direct contribution to the material stress, via self-propulsion, and an indirect contribution due to correlated tumbling events. The mechanism and strength of self-propulsion and correlation between tumbling events can be determined from the linear stress response of an active suspension. Next, we develop a framework for determining the relaxation moduli of a viscoelastic material through the combination of a memory integral expansion and a multimode-frequency oscillatory shear flow. We analytically determine the first nonlinear relaxation modulus of the model suspension through a comparison of the second normal stress difference from the microstructural stress response, calculated via regular perturbation theory, and a co-rotational memory integral expansion. The stress response of the system is reconstructed for the start-up and cessation of steady simple shear and uniaxial extension. Finally, we numerically calculate the nonlinear viscoelasticity of the model system subject to a large-amplitude oscillatory shear flow. In a sufficiently strong flow with oscillation frequency comparable to the material relaxation rate, secondary overshoots in the stress response occur. We attribute the origin of secondary overshoots to particles undergoing a Jeffery orbit during a (half) cycle of the oscillation, analogous to the case of non-Brownian spheroids in steady shear flow.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第15344号 / 工博第3223号 / 新制||工||1485(附属図書館) / 27822 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 細田 尚, 教授 後藤 仁志, 准教授 米山 望 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

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La rhéologie du béton est un facteur d'influence direct sur la relation entre la pression de pompage et le débit. La rhéologie appliquée au béton est souvent caractérisée par une loi rhéologique à l'état stationnaire (indépendant du temps). Il s'agit d'un domaine assez pointu concernant principalement l'évolution de la contrainte de cisaillement en fonction du taux de cisaillement. Cette évolution du béton traditionnel est souvent caractérisée par le modèle de Bingham alors que pour un béton auto plaçant dont le rapport E/L est faible, l'évolution peut devenir non linéaire et peut suivre le modèle de Bingham modifié ou Herschel-Bulkley pour un fluide rhéo-épaississant. Pour ces modèles, on parle souvent d'un seuil de cisaillement au-delà duquel le béton commence à s'écouler, d'un indice de consistance (et un indice de puissance pour le cas d'une relation non linéaire) qui décrit l'intensité de l'évolution. En conséquence, la relation entre la pression et le débit peut être linéaire ou non linéaire en fonction du type du béton pompé. Comme les paramètres rhéologiques d'un béton participent directement à la prédiction de la pression de pompage, la mesure de ces paramètres fait l'objet un travail très exigeant au niveau de la précision.Comme les paramètres rhéologiques d'un béton ne sont pas des grandeurs physiques directement mesurables, les rhéomètres développés pour le béton frais ne sont capables de délivrer ces paramètres qu'à travers des mesures des autres grandeurs physiques de base comme la vitesse, le couple, la pression. Ensuite, plusieurs méthodes peuvent être appliquées pour reconvertir les grandeurs mesurées. Ces méthodes sont appelées la résolution du problème inverse. La méthode la plus efficace pour résoudre (ou confirmer la résolution du) le problème inverse concerne la calibration du rhéomètre avec des matériaux dont les propriétés rhéologiques sont connues. Plus le nombre de matériau utilisé pour la calibration est grand, plus la précision est meilleure. Cependant, pour les matériaux cimentaire, le nombre de matériau nécessaire pour bien couvrir les plages de valeurs des paramètres rhéologique est de l'ordre de quelques centaines de matériau. Cela demande un travail expérimental énorme et non rentable. Cependant, à la place de réaliser cette calibration expérimentalement, il est tout à fait possible de la réaliser en faisant des simulations numériques. Ces travaux numériques font partie du deuxième chapitre de la thèse.En complément de la rhéologie, la tribologie du béton est aussi un facteur déterminant du pompage. La tribologie permet de caractériser le comportement du béton à l'interface avec la paroi de la tuyauterie. Pour le cas de béton traditionnel dont le seuil de cisaillement est très important, l'écoulement du béton est dominé par l'effet de glissement du bloc de béton sur une couche limite de comportement lubrifiant. La couche limite est uniquement créée quand il y a une contrainte de cisaillement entre le béton et la paroi. Ce phénomène est présumé être la conséquence de la combinaison des trois phénomènes: l'effet géométrique de la paroi, la rupture structurelle interne et la ségrégation dynamique. Tous ces effets entrainent une diminution de la viscosité du matériau pompé sur une distance de quelques millimètres à la paroi. En conséquence, un écoulement non homogène est formé. Une vitesse de glissement à la paroi s'additionne à la vitesse engendrée par le cisaillement.Afin de caractériser le comportement du béton à la paroi, la tribométrie du béton voit le jour. Cela s'effectue avec les tribomètres qui simulent le mouvement relatif entre le béton et la paroi. Grace au mouvement, pour les bétons traditionnels dont le seuil de cisaillement est élevé, uniquement la couche limite est cisaillée mais pas le béton. Les paramètres délivrés sont un seuil d'interface, une constante visqueuse. Ces deux grandeurs permettent d'établir une relation linéaire entre la contrainte de cisaillement à l'interf / The rheological properties of concrete are significantly influencing the relation between pumping pressure and discharge rate. The concrete rheology is often characterized by a rheological law in stationary conditions (time independent), giving the evolution of shear stresses as a function of shear rate. In case of traditional concrete, this evolution is typically described by a Bingham model, while for a self-compacting concrete with low water/powder ratio, the evolution often becomes non-linear and can be described by a modified Bingham or Herschel-Bulkley model, considering shear-thickening. In these models, a critical shear stress is typically considered above which the concrete starts to flow. Furthermore, a consistency parameter is considered (and in case of non-linear behavior also an index) to describe the intensity of the evolution. As a consequence, the relation between pressure and discharge rate can be linear or non-linear, depending on the concrete pumped. As the rheological parameters of the concrete are directly relevant for the prediction of the pumping pressure, the accurate measurement of these parameters is a challenging task.As the rheological properties of concrete cannot be directly measured as a physical quantity, concrete rheometers can only be used to determine the rheological parameters in an indirect way, by measuring other physical values like speed, couple or pressure. Different methods can be applied in order to convert the measured physical values to obtain the rheological properties. The most direct method consist of calibrating the rheometers by testing materials with known rheological parameters. A higher precision in this approach can be obtained by testing a higher number of known materials. However, in order to cover the whole range of rheological properties of concrete, a very high number of known materials would have to be tested, which would thus become very cumbersome. Instead of performing this calibration in an experimental way, it can be done in a numerical way. This kind of numerical calibration is the topic of chapter 2 of the doctoral thesis.Besides the rheology of the concrete, tribology is also an important factor determining the pumping characteristics. Tribology enables to characterize the behavior of concrete in the interface with the surface of the pumping pipe. For traditional concrete with high yield stress, the flow of concrete in the pumping pipe is dominated by the slip layer or lubrication layer near the surface, while the bulk of the concrete is flowing as a plug. This slip layer can only be formed due to shear stresses in this area, and is considered to be the consequence of three phenomenons: geometrical wall effect, structural breakdown, and dynamic segregation. These phenomenons induce a reduction of the viscosity of the concrete within a layer of a few millimeter near the surface of the pumping pipe. As a result, a non-homogeneous flow is induced. Due to the occurrence of the slip layer, an additional speed component is added to the speed profile already induced by shear of the concrete.In order to characterize the concrete behavior near the surface, tribometers are being used, simulating the relative movement between concrete and the surface. In case of traditional concrete, with high yield stress, due to the relative movement only the slip layer is sheared, while the bulk concrete is not sheared. In this case, the use of tribometers results in a yield stress and a viscous constant of the slip layer. These two parameters enable to define a linear relation between shear stress and shear rate in the interface. Meanwhile, in case of self-compacting concrete, the concrete is also sheared, leading to very complicated tribology measurements. For this reason, it is very difficult to characterize the behavior of self-compacting concrete near the interface by means of a tribometer. This situations complicates the prediction of the relation between pumping pressure

The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in commercial construction have been increasing over the last several decades as climate change and sustainability has been gaining global attention. Incorporation of SCMs into concrete mixtures provides several environmental benefits. Since most SCMs are waste by-products of other industries, their use in concrete reduces waste disposal. Additionally, cements substitution with SCMs reduces the carbon footprint of the construction industry. Cement production generates large amounts of CO2 emissions; the use of SCMs reduces the amount of cement in a concrete mixture thereby reducing emissions from its production. In addition to SCMs, modern concretes typically incorporate a combination of chemical admixtures. Adverse interaction of admixtures with cement, with or without the SCMs, or with each other is one of the most common reasons for early-age concrete issues. Since the possible combinations of admixtures are numerous and there is a variety of cements on the market, testing all possible chemical/mineral/cement admixture combinations is impractical. The aim of this research was to cover a broad base of admixture-related issues, each addressing a specific need of the construction industry. There is currently no explanation for why calcium chloride-based accelerator is not always effective when used with high tricalcium aluminate (C3A) cements. It was determined that increasing C3A or gypsum content alone did not appear to significantly affect acceleration; however, the presence of alkalis reduced the effectiveness of CaCl2 accelerator. When CaCl2-based accelerators are used in concrete, they are typically used in combination with other chemical admixtures, such as water-reducing and retarding admixtures (WRRA) to allow for the use of a low water-cementitious material ratio. In order to avoid premature hardening, CaCl2 accelerator is most often added onsite, rather than at the concrete batching plant. Onsite addition can lead to accidental overdose of accelerator. It was found that increasing dosages of calcium chloride-containing accelerating admixtures in the presence of WRRA has a non-linear effect on the pore size distribution and consequently a non-linear increase on the autogenous shrinkage, which can contribute to early-age concrete cracking. Water-reducing admixtures and superplasticizers are added to concrete to improve workability, which decreases not only with a decrease in water-cementitious material ratio, but also with addition of some SCMs. Silica fume and metakaolin are known to decrease workability; fly ash and slag addition improve it. The effect of SCM combinations on workability is typically assumed to be additive. However, this investigation revealed that combining SCMs does not have an additive effect on workability, measured in terms of apparent yield stress and plastic viscosity; consequently, these parameters cannot be estimated from their respective values. Cement replacement with SCMs affects not only workability, but also heat of hydration, and is commonly used to reduce concrete temperature rise in concrete. Prediction and control of concrete temperature rise due to cement hydration is of great significance for mass concrete structures since large temperature gradients between the surface and the core of the structure can lead to cracking thus reducing durability of the structure. A number of equations have been proposed to predict the heat of hydration of cement and cement/SCM blends. However, these equations do not include metakaolin, which is a relatively new mineral admixture. Based on statistical experimental design, an equation was developed to predict the reduction of total hydration heat at 24, 48 and 72 hours with addition of SCMs compared to a plain ordinary portland cement (OPC)-water mixture. The developed equation allows the evaluation of the contribution of Class F fly ash (FA), blast furnace slag (BFS), silica fume (SF) and metakaolin (MK) as well as their combinations. Since metakaolin has been on the market for only about 10 years, the current knowledge on its effect on hydration products and paste microstructure remains incomplete. The effect of MK on the nature of hydration products was evaluated through x-ray diffraction. Its effect on the microstructure was assessed by measuring porosity with nitrogen adsorption and determining nanoindentation modulus as well as the volume fraction of calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) with variable packing densities. No significant effect was observed on the nature of hydration products with MK or BFS addition. However, nitrogen-accessible porosity increased with MK and BFS addition, the increase being larger with BFS. The average indentation modulus for the hydration products decreased with addition of MK and BFS, which corresponded to increasing nitrogen accessible pores. The results of this study indicate that phase quantification by quantitative x-ray diffraction (QXRD) of the hydrated paste may not be sufficient to assess the impact of metakaolin or BFS addition on the hydrating cementitious systems, and a multi-technique approach that provides information not only on the amount of hydration products, but also their morphology is preferable.

Synovial joints, like the hip joint, has unique characteristics. In order to study these characteristics by making use of mathematical techniques, it is necessary to develop a model simulating the dynamic forces and joint movements during joint operation. Once this is available, the effect of the synovial fluid lubricant properties can be added by describing its behaviour as a component of the hip joint simulation model. This was the ultimate aim of this research effort. With this work a model based on fundamental principles, like the equations of mass and motion, was developed and validated experimentally with a hip joint simulator. It is also shown that the effect of the lubricant properties can be studied by adding the relevant rheological equations. These fluid properties can have a significant effect on the joint under typical joint operations like dynamic loading and movement. To develop a model with relative complexity, certain simplifying assumptions have to be made. In this study, the fluid was assumed to have no boundary interactions with the articulating surfaces. It is known that complex rheological interaction exists in these systems. Although certain assumptions were made during development, model results are promising and a firm basis was established for subsequent research. In future, the model needs to be extended to simulate the continuous, multi-cycle operation of a human joint, with accurate geometrical descriptions of articulating surfaces and known components of synovial joints like articular cartilage. The model could then contain lubrication mechanisms known to prevail in synovial joints, with accurate rheological models of synovial fluid which will play an increasing role under typical joint operations. / Dissertation (MEng (Chemical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Chemical Engineering / unrestricted

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Grain Science and Industry / Hulya Dogan / Jon M. Faubion / The overall hypothesis underlying this study is that the nature and extent of bran interactions with the gluten protein matrix play a dominant role in both 'in-process' dough and final product quality of whole grain baked goods. Therefore, the purposeful manipulation of those interactions should be able to minimize adverse processing or product characteristics resulting from bran inclusion/presence. The approach we took was to study the effects of bran milled to different particle sizes on dough development during and after dough mixing using fundamental rheology combined with traditional cereal chemistry approaches and x-ray microtomography (XMT). The research outcomes were used to create a better picture of how the bran is effecting the dough development and to suggest strategies that allow for the control of that effect. Study-I focused on characterization of the chemical properties, empirical rheological properties and baking performance of flours and dough with different bran contents from different sources. The development of dough microstructure and the resulting crumb texture in the presence of different bran were studied using XMT. HRW and SW bran additions resulted in higher water absorptions (WA) irrespective of the flour type and bran source. Fine bran caused slightly higher WA followed by coarse and as is bran. Both HRW and SW bran decreased the dough stability of HRW flour, while it improved the stability of SW flour doughs. Macro and microstructure of baked products were significantly affected both bran type and addition level. HRW bran added to HRW flour resulted in 8-23% decrease in loaf volume while SW bran added at the same level caused 3-11% decrease. XMT indicated that bran decreased the total number of air cells significantly. SW flour resulted in harder crumb texture than that of HRW flour breads. Overall, SW bran had less detrimental effects on mixing and baking performance of HRW flour. Study-II focused on specific bran particle size and composition on small and large deformation behavior of strong and weak flour doughs. Small deformation behavior was characterized using frequency and temperature sweep tests, while the large deformation behavior was studied using creep–recovery and uniaxial extensional testing. The results revealed that the rheological behavior of bran-enriched doughs depend on type of base flour, bran type, bran replacement level (0, 5, 10%), and the dough development protocol. Weak flour doughs benefited from inclusion of bran as inherently low peak height and stability of these doughs improved in the presence of bran. Temperature sweeps indicated a slight decrease in Gʹ and G" until around 55-60°C. In the same temperature range, presence of bran increased the moduli of composite four compared to that of the control flours. Creep compliance parameters indicated that both bran source and bran replacement had significant effect on maximum compliance (J[subscript max]) and elastic compliance (J[subscript e]). Finally, the bran type affected uniaxial extensional properties, maximum resistance (R[subscript max]) and elasticity (E), significantly independent from the type of base flour.