Downhole sampling of unboiled liquid at 1350 and 1500 m depth in the seawater-dominated Reykjanes high-temperature geothermal system in Iceland shows that metal concentrations measured at surface are minimum values due to mineral precipitation in the wells; by analogy of similar tectonic setting, host rocks and fluid composition, the metal concentrations measured in many black smoker vents at the seafloor are also minima. Fluids in the Reykjanes geothermal system react with mid-ocean ridge basalt at temperatures as high as 346°C and contain Fe 9-140 ppm, Cu 14-17 ppm, Zn 5-27 ppm, Pb 120-290 ppb, 1-6 ppb Au, and 28-107 ppb Ag. Fluids discharged at surface from the same wells have orders of magnitude lower metal concentrations due to precipitation caused by boiling and vapor loss during depressurization. Upstream of the orifice plate at high pressure (40 bar, 252°C) the precipitates consist mainly of sphalerite and chalcopyrite with a trace of galena and bornite. At the orifice plate of old wells, the pressure decreased sharply to 11 bar (188°C), resulting in abundant deposition of amorphous silica together with minor sphalerite and traces of chalcopyrite. In new wells the pressure at the orifice plate decreases to 22 bar (220°C); this pressure decrease and concomitant boiling causes deposition of fine-grained bornite-digenite solid solution together with sphalerite and galena on the fluid flow control valve. In high-pressure wells (average wellhead pressure 45-35 bar) most metals (mainly as sphalerite) are deposited downstream of the orifice plate, with up to 950 ppm Au and 2.5 wt.% Ag. Bulk concentrations in the scales vary between 15-60 wt.% upstream and downstream of the orifice plate and diminish from there. Iron increases up well from 8 to ~20 wt.% and decreases downstream of the orifice plate from 6 to 2 wt.% at the separation station; Cu downhole is ~3 wt.% but increases to 25 wt.% on the fluid flow control valve and then decreases; Pb downhole 100s ppm but at the wellhead is ~3 wt.%, increasing to 15 wt.% at the fluid flow control valve, then decreasing sharply from there.

The Atlantis II Deep is a location of modern submarine hydrothermal activity along the slowly spreading Red Sea rift axis. Venting of high-temperature hydrothermal fluids, similar to those associated with black smokers, takes place in a brine pool and has led to the accumulation of 90 Mt (dry, salt free) of stratiform, metalliferous sediment. The conditions of mineralization are unique in the modern oceans, but have been widely suggested as a possible analog of some important ancient stratiform base metal ore deposits. This study shows that many of the proposed genetic models for these ancient deposits may be highly simplified and do not take into account rapid diagenetic transformations, widespread non-equilibrium processes, and many other aspects of metal deposition. Sediment cores of the Atlantis II muds were last studied more than 30 years ago. High-resolution sampling and careful re-examination of the mineralogy and geochemistry of the sediments, using modern analytical techniques has significantly improved the understanding of the different processes responsible for the formation of the finely layered metallifeous sediments. The geochemistry of the individual layers is controlled by highly variable detrital, hydrogenic and hydrothermal input. Primary depositional pathways from the brine pool are the main control on basin-wide metal distribution (e.g., increasing Cu/Zn away from the vents) including variable enrichment in trace metals via scavenging from the brine pool and from the enriched pore waters. Cu and Zn have been deposited not only as sulfides but also with poorly crystalline Si-Fe-(oxy)hydroxides. A significant proportion of the original non-sulfide Cu and Zn are diagenetically transformed into sulfides, but also carbonates and clays, in large part reflecting sulfide deficient pore waters. Negative δ34S values, previously unrecognized in the sulfide- and metal-rich units, indicate a source of bacteriogenic sulfide. Syn-diagenetic processes also appear to have been responsible for the sharp laminations in the sediments, as well as distinctive zoning of carbonate and clay minerals around the vent source. The early diagenetic transformations observed in the Atlantis II Deep may not be preserved in the ancient rock record but nevertheless have important implications for metal deposition in some of the world’s largest and richest base metal ore deposits.

This study investigates the lithological characteristics, and lateral and vertical facies trends of poorly understood, deep-marine matrix-rich sedimentary rocks. Two laterally extensive, well-exposed outcrops of slope and proximal basin floor deposits were investigated from the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup. Significantly, matrix-rich beds have been found to undergo the same lateral trends (over ~200-650 m) in both outcrops. Initially, thicker, clayey sandstone transitions laterally to a bipartite bed with the development of an upper, planar-based, more matrix-rich unit. Further laterally, the basal unit progressively thins until it pinches out, and all that remains is the upper, more matrix-rich unit – a sandy claystone. It too thins and then pinches out. Draping the entire transect is a thin, matrix-poor structured unit overlain by a mudstone or claystone cap. These trends are interpreted to reflect a progressive but rapid lateral evolution of flow structure controlled primarily by particle settling, namely sand, from mud-rich avulsion-related flows.

Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) are a new generation of web applications that break away from the concepts on which traditional web applications are based. RIAs are more interactive and responsive than traditional web applications since RIAs allow client-side scripting (such as JavaScript) and asynchronous communication with the server (using AJAX). Although these are improvements in terms of user-friendliness, there is a big impact on our ability to automatically explore (crawl) these applications. Traditional crawling algorithms are not sufficient for crawling RIAs. We should be able to crawl RIAs in order to be able to search their content and build their models for various purposes such as reverse-engineering, detecting security vulnerabilities, assessing usability, and applying model-based testing techniques. One important problem is designing efficient crawling strategies for RIAs. It seems possible to design crawling strategies more efficient than the standard crawling strategies, the Breadth-First and the Depth-First. In this thesis, we explore the possibilities of designing efficient crawling strategies. We use a general approach that we called Model-based Crawling and present two crawling strategies that are designed using this approach. We show by experimental results that model-based crawling strategies are more efficient than the standard strategies.

This diploma thesis deals with development of web applications using Google web Toolkit. GWT is modern set of open source tools that allows developers to create Rich Internet Applications completely in Java without any deep knowledge of JavaScript. The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on architecture of Google Web Toolkit, basic approaches and some advanced topics as MVP architecture, client-server communication or persistence layer. The practical part consists of set of examples which demonstrates approaches described in theoretical part.

Intrashelf basins occurring on epeiric carbonate platforms are commonly associated with the presence of excellent carbonate source rocks, and because they often border potential carbonate reservoirs updip, they may form the core of rich petroleum systems. This is a common phenomenon of many Mesozoic hydrocarbon plays in the Middle East. Despite this fact, studies investigating intrashelf-basinal, fine-grained carbonates are rare, because it is assumed that little lithofacies variability is present in these successions as a consequence of their relatively homogeneous appearance where they are sampled in core or visited in exposures. Those that have been performed mostly lack process-detail analyses, and interpret the organic-carbon enrichment in these sediments to be simply a function of either occurrence of localised bottom-water anoxia or high primary organic production under low-energy conditions, dominated by suspension-settling events.

A regeneração óssea requer não somente um arcabouço, mas também uma seqüência de eventos biológicos regulados por múltiplos fatores. No presente, o plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) consiste numa importante fonte de fatores de crescimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia da associação de vidro bioativo e PRP na reparação de defeitos cirúrgicos realizados no osso parietal de coelhos. Para tanto, foram utilizados dez coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia, sendo que em cada animal foram confeccionados dois defeitos de 8 mm nos ossos parietais, os quais receberam tratamentos diferentes: a) grupo 1 vidro bioativo (tratamento VB) e coágulo sangüíneo (tratamento CO); b) grupo 2 vidro bioativo + PRP (tratamento VB + PRP) e PRP isolado (tratamento PRP). Os animais foram sacrificados após 12 semanas, sendo os espécimes submetidos a estudo radiográfico (densidade em tons de cinza), histológico (coloração de hematoxilina e eosina) e histomorfométrico (planimetria por contagem de pontos). Os dados de densidade radiográfica e histomorfometria foram submetidos separadamente ao teste de análise de variância (ANOVA) e ao teste de Tukey (5%). Nos tratamentos PRP + VB e PRP observou-se maior densidade óssea radiográfica e maior neoformação óssea histomorfométrica, não havendo diferença estatística entre os mesmos. Não houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos VB e CO em relação à densidade óssea e neoformação óssea histomorfométrica. Histologicamente, a neoformação óssea foi maior nos tratamentos PRP + VB e PRP, destacando-se o PRP + VB. Portanto, o PRP favoreceu a reparação óssea e o VB não favoreceu o reparo ósseo isoladamente e não alterou a reparação óssea obtida pelo PRP. / Bone regeneration not only requires a scaffold, but also a sequence of biological events regulated by multiple factors. Nowadays, the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) consists an important source of growth factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the association of bioactive glass and PRP in the repairing of surgical defects realized in the parietal bone of rabbits. Ten rabbits New Zealand were used, and on each animal two defects of 8 mm in the parietal bones had been confectioned, which had received different treatments: a) group 1 - bioactive glass (treatment VB) and coagulum (treatment CO); b) group 2 - bioactive glass + PRP (treatment VB + PRP) and isolated PRP (treatment PRP). The animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks, and the specimens were submitted to radiographic (density grey degrees), histological (hematoxilin and eosin coloration) and histomorfometrical (planimetry for counting of points) analysis. The results of radiographic density and histomorfometric were submitted separately to the test of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukeys test (5%). In the treatments PRP + VB and PRP major radiographic bone density and major histomorfometric new bone formation was observed, without statistical difference between them. It did not have statistical difference between treatments VB and CO in relation to the bone density and histomorfometric new bone formation. Histologically, the new bone formation was bigger in the treatments PRP + VB and PRP, emphasizing PRP + VB. Therefore, the PRP supported the bone repairing and the VB does not supported the bone repair separately and does not modified the bone repairing gotten by the PRP.

Thesis (M. A. (Xitsonga)) -- University of Limpopo,2015 / The purpose of this study is to analyse the behaviour of tycoon’s wives in the selected literature, namely; Ndzhaka ya vusiwana by B.K.M. Mtombeni and Mangava ya Joni by D.R.Maluleke. In Ndzhaka ya vusiwana two stories were analysed, namely; “Mudlayi wo tidlaya” and “Vubombi bya swolomba”. In Mangava ya Joni two stories were analysed, namely; “Xiwelano” and “Xihahisile”. Textual analysis was used in this study to analyse the behaviour of tycoons’ wives. Textual analysis is the method communication researchers use to describe and interpret the characteristics of a recorded and visual message. The purpose of textual analysis is to describe the content, structure and functions of the messages contained in texts. This study was attempted to answer the following questions:  What is the behaviour of the wives of tycoons in Xihungasi and Mangava ya Joni?”  What influenced the wives of tycoons to have such behaviour?  What are the benefits of such behaviour? The findings of the study revealed that in most cases, the wives of tycoons have good behaviour. They love their rich husbands and children, are very hardworking and they respect other people. The findings of this study also revealed that in most cases the tycoons have various behaviour patterns. Some tycoons have good behaviour while others are violent, hate other people and dishonest. The findings of this study also revealed that the wives of tycoons are influenced by their childhood behaviour, neighbours and friends. Their love to their husbands also influence them to behave properly.

Conditions are predicted to become more favorable for protein-rich crops in Northern Europe, which bring opportunities for cultivation of protein-rich crops in Sweden. This study assessed the current suitability for cultivation of protein-rich crops in Sweden based on biophysical conditions. This study defined suitability indicators with suitability conditions for each crop regarding (i) soil texture, (ii) soil pH value, (iii) vegetation period length, (iv) and soil temperatures were created, and overlayed to create suitable areas for protein-rich crops. Suitable areas and distributions were found for: common bean, faba bean, field pea, lentil, narrow-leafed lupin, quinoa, and soybean. A present and future risk analysis with wet and dry periods was carried out to find suitable areas for the crops under the risk of wet and dry periods. The study found that Sweden have the possibility to cultivate protein-rich crops to a greater extent which is shown by the distribution of suitable areas for protein-rich crop. Quinoa was found suitable to be cultivated in nearly all arable land in Sweden. In the future, there is an increase in suitable areas for protein-rich crops that are not exposed to drought. A decrease was seen in suitable areas for protein-rich crops that are not exposed to flooding.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第22549号 / 人博第952号 / 新制||人||226(附属図書館) / 2019||人博||952(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 内本 喜晴, 教授 吉田 寿雄, 准教授 戸﨑 充男 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM