Au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale se produit un phénomène éditorial sans précédent : alors que le contexte y est peu favorable, d’innombrables revues francophones sont créées, aussi bien en France métropolitaine que dans les colonies et à l’étranger, à l’instar de Fontaine, Poésie, Confluences, L’Arbalète, Cahiers de Poésie, Les Lettres françaises et bien d’autres encore. Elles viennent s’adjoindre aux périodiques qui existaient avant 1939 et qui ont réussi à se maintenir, afin de souligner la grandeur intellectuelle du pays. Ensemble, ils reprennent à leur compte la mission de La Nouvelle Revue Française, qui se trouve peu à peu dénaturée du fait de ses positions politiques avant d’être interdite : s’ils publient les textes d’écrivains reconnus, ils s’attachent aussi à lancer de jeunes auteurs qui, sans eux, n’auraient pu atteindre la notoriété qui a été la leur. Ainsi, jusqu’en 1953, date à laquelle La N.R.F. obtient l’autorisation de reparaître, ils contribuent à dessiner le paysage littéraire de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle.Les revues publiées entre 1939 et 1953 apparaissent comme la condition même de l’émergence de la poésie durant cette période. Elles contribuent à replacer ce genre au centre de toutes les attentions et favorisent son renouvellement. Elles font ainsi découvrir à leurs lecteurs les poèmes d’écrivains comme Olivier Larronde, Adrian Miatlev ou encore un certain Noël Mathieu, qui deviendra bientôt le fameux Pierre Emmanuel. Elles diffusent leurs textes aux côtés de ceux d’auteurs reconnus comme Paul Éluard ou Aragon, dont l’œuvre est alors en pleine mutation, et remettent sur le devant de la scène des écrivains du passé.Aux côtés des poèmes eux-mêmes se déploie dans les revues un important discours critique, dans lequel les chroniqueurs s’interrogent en profondeur sur les évolutions de la poésie. S’ils dessinent ses lignes de force, évoquant tour à tour un néo-classicisme, un renouvellement du lyrisme et une poésie tantôt engagée, tantôt matérialiste, tantôt spiritualiste, ils s’interrogent aussi sur leur mission et engagent de ce fait la critique dans une dimension autoréflexive. Leurs articles et chroniques, dont la fonction première est de contribuer au rayonnement de la poésie, apparaissent ainsi comme le berceau dans lequel s’éveille, peu à peu, la Nouvelle Critique, qui connaîtra son plein essor après 1953 et rayonnera durant toute la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. / The editorial scene during World War II was a witness to an unprecedented phenomenon. Beating the odds, a great number of French-speaking magazines were created, whether it be in Metropolitan France, in colonies or abroad. Among them : Fontaine, Poésie, Confluences, L’Arbalète, Cahiers de Poésie, Les Lettres françaises, and many more. These just add to the list of periodicals that predate 1939 and managed to stay afloat in order to underline the country’s intellectual greatness. Together - and in their own way - they upheld the mission of La Nouvelle Revue Française, whose nature was slowly altered because of its political views, before being shut down altogether. Not only did they publish renowned authors’ works, but they helped launch the careers of young authors who would not have been known otherwise. Hence, they contributed to the French literary landscape until 1953 - when La N.R.F. magazine was authorized to be published again.Without these magazines published between 1939 and 1953, poetry would have been completely forgotten during that era. Not only did they help make this genre the centre of attention and allowed its renewal but, thanks to them, readers discovered writers such as Olivier Larronde, Adrian Miatlev and Noël Mathieu – the latter would soon become the famous Pierre Emmanuel. Their work is published along those already renowned by Paul Éluard and Aragon – whose work was undergoing changes at the time – and they published long forgotten writers.Alongside these poems, criticism could be found in the columns of these magazines, in which chroniclers raise fundamental questions about the evolution of poetry. Pointing out main tendencies, they wrote about a newly found lyricism of a politically committed, materialistic or spiritualist poetry, but also about their own mission, which led to self-criticism. Their articles and chronicles whose prime goal was to help the prestige of poetry, slowly gave birth to the New Criticism, which knew full bloom after 1953 and shone throughout the second half of the twentieth century.

Earlier studies have proposed that Swedish refugee policy started to change around 1942, when a restrictive refugee policy became more generous and humanitarian. From a quantitative point of view this statement is true: there were about ten thousand refugees in 1941, compared to almost two hundred thousand by the end of the war. However, this does not tell us whether the well-known discourses of Swedish inter-war anti-Semitism, nationalism and xenophobia underwent the same changes. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse the public debate concerning foreigners, refugees and refugee policy in 1942–1947. The dissertation puts forward the hypothesis of The Nordic prerogative. In brief, this prerogative meant that Sweden primarily held itself obliged to accept ethnical Northeners as refugees, and looked upon this obligation as more important than other considerations, such as the refugee’s ideological views, need of protection or humanitarian needs. Symptomatically, the groups which could not be entirely encompassed within the idea of a Nordic prerogative, particularly the Balts and the Danish Jews, were perceived as the most problematical refugee groups, both on a general level of the debates, and in specific issues. The idea of a Nordic prerogative did not derive from a sense of ethnical fraternity and humanitarian considerations alone, however. Several undertakings were also brought about by pragmatic considerations. Sweden sought goodwill, and reception of refugees was seen as one way of winning it. The dissertation also shows that the idea of a Nordic prerogative seems to become less important when the refugee comes closer to the everyday life of Sweden, where the Nordic refugees too were referred to as ”foreigners”, ”aliens” etc. As such, they had to put up with being spoken of in negatively loaded expressions, in the same way as other foreigners.

Many historians have presented the narrative of Canada’s Second World War experience as a “good” war. Individuals and communities came together in patriotism and a common purpose to furnish the national war effort with military manpower, labour, financial contributions, and voluntary efforts. As the dark years of the Great Depression gave way to unprecedented levels of industrial and economic growth, falling unemployment rates, increased urbanization, and a wealth of social programs, Canada’s future was bright. However, this optimistic picture is not representative of Canada as a whole. Some regions fared better than others, and industrial Cape Breton was one of those that benefited the least from the opportunities presented by the war. Glace Bay, Cape Breton’s largest mining town and long-time hotbed of industrial strife and labour radicalism, serves as an ideal case study of the region’s largely unprofitable and unchanging wartime experience. Long plagued by poverty, poor living conditions, and underdeveloped industry, and desperately seeking to break free of its destitution, Glace Bay tried and failed to take advantage of wartime opportunities for industrial diversification and local improvement.

This thesis aims to analyse the architectural production in Turkey during the Second World War period with reference to its socio-political contexts, by examining and scrutinizing an architectural periodical published in this period: Yapi. The conceptual framework of this study about the practical and ideological aspects of the discipline are drawn by considering the developments and dynamics of the early Republican Period. In the first chapter of the study after the introduction, the functions of periodical publications for the cultural atmosphere and the architectural periodicals for the discipline of architecture in particular, are examined in the direction of clarifying the reason of choosing a periodical for an architectural analysis of a specific period. In the following part of this chapter, the early Republican architectural periodicals are introduced together with their reasons of establishment and the architectural conditions of the period. Lastly, the focus of this study, Yapi, is introduced with its identity as a periodical by examining its founders, content and publication quality. In the second chapter, firstly architecture of the country throughout the early Republican period is examined by focusing on the significance and effects of the Second World War on Turkey so as to reveal the existing medium that compelled the architects and intellectuals to reconsider their points of view. The second part of this chapter attempts to make a comparative architectural analysis of the period based on the approaches and articles of Yapi by determining the characteristics and objectives of the periodical and demonstrating the main arguments of the editors and authors on contemporary architectural practice and ideology. In the conclusion part, the outcomes of the analysis of Yapi and its arguments on the architecture and contextual developments of the Second World War period are evaluated in correlation with the meaning and place of these struggles in the contemporary medium of architecture.

This research investigated the national interests of art education in public schools during the period surrounding the Second World War (1941–1946). Art education materials written for students and teachers during these years were examined in this study and provide a look at classroom projects and educational teachings supportive of the war effort. This perspective of promoting nationalism is based on a review of printed art education journals, curriculum guides, and books related to the subject of educational themes in public schools during World War II. These published materials presented a practical way for educators, and in this research, art educators, to build a sense of nationalism throughout the country and for teachers and students to support the war effort from their classrooms. / text

This thesis demonstrates that the Australian Red Cross was embedded with the Australian government, military and civilian ‘home front’ during the Second World War. The legal basis, structure, leadership and administration of the Society were closely integrated with the official war effort of the Australian government and military. The Red Cross societies of other combatant nations were similarly organised to contribute to the logistical firepower of their respective governments and militaries. The Second World War revitalised the Australian Red Cross and caused the Society to forge even stronger links with the Australian government. The Society was integrated as a paramilitary branch of the Australian military forces and provided logistical support to the military in Australia and overseas by means of its Field Force. The pervasive presence of the Red Cross resulted in the embedding of the Society on the Australian civilian ‘home front’. The integration of the Australian Red Cross with the Australian government was for the purpose of supporting the war effort of the Allies in Australia and overseas. (For complete abstract open document)

Thesis (Master').

This thesis is a study of neutrality and collaboration during the Second World War in East Asia. It analyses the relations between China and Portugal during the conflict and the immediate post-war period, with a particular focus on the enclave of Macau, the only foreign-administered territory in China not to be occupied by Japan. It argues that the practice of Portuguese neutrality in East Asia was marked by great ambivalence and used by different actors for their own, often conflicting, ends. In social history terms, Macau was part of the war, with comparable experiences to other cities in China, including a massive refugee influx, as well as everyday experiences of hunger, popular mobilisation for relief, and urban crime. Wartime Macau was marked by multiple layers of collaboration involving Chinese, Portuguese, British, Japanese, and others. This thesis also argues that wartime issues left unsolved had an impact on Sino-Portuguese relations after the war. Its dealings with a small European imperial power reveal China's attempts and difficulties to exercise its regained sovereignty and new international status.

Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-21T12:49:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2642940 bytes, checksum: 9df58430f6375c9fe3a66e5ac99075f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T12:49:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2642940 bytes, checksum: 9df58430f6375c9fe3a66e5ac99075f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-16 / This paper presents reflections of the “A União” journal’s representations about widespread and intensified patriotic practices in the Paraíba state during the World War II (1939-1945). From the perspective of the New Cultural History, the proposal is to analyze how the Brazilian government, through the newspaper, spread nationalistic practices and disclosed patriotic actions, influencing society to build a sense of “paraibanidade” and therefore a new national ideal, which would be necessary to the state of belligerency. The approach of this research is qualitative, and the methodology used was the analysis of material presented in the papers in the established period, as well as the dialogue with theorists who deal with the issue. To construct a narrative that seeks to contribute to Brazilian historiography of Second World War only became possible by merging the theoretical studies with research in the sources. Concerns about how a patriotic education disseminated in Paraíba, essential point for the war context, and more than that, how the Paraíba population felt the consequences of this catastrophic event in their daily lives, establishing relationships of meaning and strength, make up itself as a challenge and the core for the construction of this historiographical narrative. / Este trabalho traz reflexões acerca das representações do jornal A União, órgão oficial do estado, no que se refere às práticas patrióticas disseminadas e intensificadas no estado da Paraíba, em virtude da Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945). Dentro da perspectiva da Nova História Cultural, a proposta é analisar de que forma o governo brasileiro, através desse periódico, contribuiu para a construção de um sentimento de paraibanidade e em conseguinte, de um novo ideal nacional, que seriam tão necessários para o estado de beligerância. A abordagem desta pesquisa é qualitativa e a metodologia utilizada foi a análise de matérias apresentadas nos jornais no recorte temporal estabelecido, bem como o diálogo com teóricos que tratam da temática. Intercalando os estudos teóricos com a pesquisa nas fontes, tornou-se possível construir uma narrativa que pretende contribuir com a historiografia brasileira da Segunda Guerra Mundial. As inquietações acerca de como foi disseminada uma educação patriótica na Paraíba, essencial para o contexto da guerra, e mais do que isso, de como a população paraibana sentiu os desdobramentos desse evento catastrófico em seu cotidiano, estabelecendo relações de sentido e de resistência, se constituem como grande desafio e o cerne para a construção dessa narrativa historiográfica.

Submitted by VIVIANE HENGLER CORRÊA CHAVES null (viviane.hcc@bol.com.br) on 2016-10-19T15:16:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_norbert_wiener.pdf: 1686773 bytes, checksum: ca5f2d9e600132270f3a972edb9b0b6a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-10-25T13:48:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 chaves_vhc_dr_rcla.pdf: 1686773 bytes, checksum: ca5f2d9e600132270f3a972edb9b0b6a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-25T13:48:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 chaves_vhc_dr_rcla.pdf: 1686773 bytes, checksum: ca5f2d9e600132270f3a972edb9b0b6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-19 / Esta tese parte do seguinte problema de pesquisa - quais conhecimentos e experiências levaram o matemático Norbert Wiener a desenvolver a sua teoria cibernética e quais as consequências decorrentes desse modo sistêmico de pensamento? Como objetivo geral pretendeu-se elaborar uma reconstituição histórica do surgimento e evolução da Teoria Cibernética, por meio da história de seu idealizador, Norbert Wiener, de modo a compreender as ideias que o levaram à construção de sua teoria. Integra o escopo deste trabalho entender a lógica matemática que levou Wiener a conceber sua teoria cibernética e, também, a sua teoria da comunicação; relacionar os aspectos técnicos e sua abrangência, bem como a problemática, social e científica, que a Cibernética impõe ao mundo contemporâneo. O locus temporal desta pesquisa delimita-se, historicamente, entre 1894 e 1964, anos relativos ao nascimento e morte de Norbert Wiener, respectivamente. Busca-se construir uma história não se atendo somente às obras e documentos de Wiener, os fatos descritos, mas também compreender as relações que se deram por meio dos fatos, suas problematizações e seu contexto histórico. Para tanto, utilizou-se da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental baseada nas obras e documentos de Norbert Wiener. Em síntese, as considerações finais apontam que a cibernética tem como característica fundamental a interdisciplinaridade e abrange todo o campo da teoria do comando, controle e transmissão de informações. Destaca-se, ainda, a influência marcante da trajetória profissional e pessoal de Wiener para o desenvolvimento da sua Teoria Cibernética. / This thesis of the following research problem - what knowledge and experiences have led the mathematician Norbert Wiener to develop their cybernetic theory and what the consequences of systemic way of thinking? As a general objective was intended to establish a historical reconstruction of the emergence and evolution of Cybernetics Theory, through the story of its creator, Norbert Wiener, so as to understand the ideas that led to the construction of his theory. The scope of this paper too search understand the mathematical logic that led Wiener to design their cybernetic theory and also its communication theory; relate the technical aspects and its comprehensiveness as well as the problems, and social science, the cybernetics require the contemporary world. The temporal locus of this research is delimited historically, between 1894 and 1964, years for the birth and death of Norbert Wiener, respectively. Seeks to build a story, not only attend to the works and Wiener documents, the facts described, but also understand the relationships that occurred through the facts, their problematizations and its historical context. For that, we used the bibliographical and documentary research based on the works and documents of Norbert Wiener. In summary, the conclusions point cybernetic has the fundamental characteristic the interdisciplinarity and comprise the entire field of the theory of command, control and transmission of information. It is noteworthy also the strong influence of the personal and professional trajectory of Wiener to the development of its Cybernetics Theory.