This work examines the possibilities of employing highly parallel architectures in database systems, which are based on the similarity search paradigm. The main objective of our research is utilizing the computational power of current GPU devices for similarity search in the databases of images. Despite leaping progress made in the past few years, the similarity search problems remain very expensive from a compu- tational point of view, which limits the scope of their applicability. GPU devices have a tremendous computational power at their disposal; however, the usability of this power for particular problems is often complicated due to the specific properties of this architecture. Therefore, the existing algorithms and data structures require extensive modifications if they are to be adapted for the GPUs. We have addressed all the aspects of this domain, such as efficient utilization of the GPU hardware for generic computations, parallelization of similarity search process, and acceleration of image indexing techniques. In most cases, employing the GPU devices brought a speedup of two orders of magnitude with respect to single-core CPUs and approximately one order of magnitude with respect to multiprocessor NUMA servers. This thesis summarizes our experience and discoveries from several years of research,...

L’OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing) est le paradigme principal pour accéder aux données multidimensionnelles dans les entrepôts de données. Pour obtenir une haute expressivité d’interrogation, malgré un petit effort de formulation de la requête, OLAP fournit un ensemble d’opérations (comme drill-down et slice-and-dice ) qui transforment une requête multidimensionnelle en une autre, de sorte que les requêtes OLAP sont normalement formulées sous la forme de séquences appelées Sessions OLAP. Lors d’une session OLAP l’utilisateur analyse les résultats d’une requête et, selon les données spécifiques qu’il voit, applique une seule opération afin de créer une nouvelle requête qui lui donnera une meilleure compréhension de l’information. Les séquences de requêtes qui en résultent sont fortement liées à l’utilisateur courant, le phénomène analysé, et les données. Alors qu’il est universellement reconnu que les outils OLAP ont un rôle clé dans l’exploration souple et efficace des cubes multidimensionnels dans les entrepôts de données, il est aussi communément admis que le nombre important d’agrégations et sélections possibles, qui peuvent être exploités sur des données, peut désorienter l’expérience utilisateur. / OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing) is the main paradigm for accessing multidimensional data in data warehouses. To obtain high querying expressiveness despite a small query formulation effort, OLAP provides a set of operations (such as drill-down and slice-and-dice) that transform one multidimensional query into another, so that OLAP queries are normally formulated in the form of sequences called OLAP sessions. During an OLAP session the user analyzes the results of a query and, depending on the specific data she sees, applies one operation to determine a new query that will give her a better understanding of information. The resulting sequences of queries are strongly related to the issuing user, to the analyzed phenomenon, and to the current data. While it is universally recognized that OLAP tools have a key role in supporting flexible and effective exploration of multidimensional cubes in data warehouses, it is also commonly agreed that the huge number of possible aggregations and selections that can be operated on data may make the user experience disorientating.

In this thesis, the problem of online adaptive hashing for fast similarity search is studied. Similarity search is a central problem in many computer vision applications. The ever-growing size of available data collections and the increasing usage of high-dimensional representations in describing data have increased the computational cost of performing similarity search, requiring search strategies that can explore such collections in an efficient and effective manner. One promising family of approaches is based on hashing, in which the goal is to map the data into the Hamming space where fast search mechanisms exist, while preserving the original neighborhood structure of the data. We first present a novel online hashing algorithm in which the hash mapping is updated in an iterative manner with streaming data. Being online, our method is amenable to variations of the data. Moreover, our formulation is orders of magnitude faster to train than state-of-the-art hashing solutions. Secondly, we propose an online supervised hashing framework in which the goal is to map data associated with similar labels to nearby binary representations. For this purpose, we utilize Error Correcting Output Codes (ECOCs) and consider an online boosting formulation in learning the hash mapping. Our formulation does not require any prior assumptions on the label space and is well-suited for expanding datasets that have new label inclusions. We also introduce a flexible framework that allows us to reduce hash table entry updates. This is critical, especially when frequent updates may occur as the hash table grows larger and larger. Thirdly, we propose a novel mutual information measure to efficiently infer the quality of a hash mapping and retrieval performance. This measure has lower complexity than standard retrieval metrics. With this measure, we first address a key challenge in online hashing that has often been ignored: the binary representations of the data must be recomputed to keep pace with updates to the hash mapping. Based on our novel mutual information measure, we propose an efficient quality measure for hash functions, and use it to determine when to update the hash table. Next, we show that this mutual information criterion can be used as an objective in learning hash functions, using gradient-based optimization. Experiments on image retrieval benchmarks confirm the effectiveness of our formulation, both in reducing hash table recomputations and in learning high-quality hash functions.

[pt] Alinhamento de esquema é uma questão fundamental em aplicações de banco de dados, tais como mediação de consultas, integração de banco de dados e armazéns de dados. Nesta tese, abordamos inicialmente o alinhamento de catálogos. Um catálogo é um banco de dados simples que contém informações sobre conjuntos de objetos, tipicamente classificados usando-se termos de um dado tesauro. Inicialmente apresentamos uma técnica de alinhamento baseada na noção de similaridade, que se aplica a pares de tesauros e de listas de propriedades. Descrevemos, então, o alinhamento baseado na noção de informação mútua e introduzimos variações que exploram certas heurísticas. Ao final, discutimos resultados experimentais que avaliam a precisão do método e comparam a influência das heurísticas. Após as técnicas para alinhamento de catálogos, nos concentramos no problema mais complexo de alinhamento de dois esquemas descritos em um subconjunto de OWL. Adotamos uma técnica baseada em instâncias e, por isso, assumimos que conjuntos de instâncias de cada esquema estão disponíveis. Decompomos este problema nos subproblemas de alinhamento de vocabulário e de alinhamento de conceitos. Introduzimos também condições suficientes para garantir que o alinhamento de vocabulário induz um alinhamento de conceitos correto. Em seguida, descrevemos uma técnica de alinhamento de esquemas OWL baseada no conceito de similaridade. Finalmente, avaliamos a precisão da técnica usando dados disponíveis na Web. De forma diferente de outras técnicas anteriores baseadas em instâncias, o processo de alinhamento que descrevemos usa funções de similaridade para induzir alinhamento de vocabulários de uma forma não trivial. Ilustramos, também, que a estrutura de esquemas OWL pode nos levar a mapeamentos de conceitos errados e indicamos como evitar tais problemas. / [en] Schema matching is a fundamental issue in many database applications, such as query mediation, database integration, catalog matching and data warehousing. In this thesis, we first address hot to match catalogue schemas. A catalogue is a simple database that holds information about a set of objects, typically classified using terms taken from a given thesaurus. We introduce a matching approach, based on the notion of similarity, which applies to pairs of thesauri and to pairs of lists of properties. We then describe matchings based on cooccurrence of information and introduce variations that explore certain heuristics. Lastly, we discuss experimental results that evaluate the precision of the matchings introduced and that measure the influence of the heuristics. We then focus on the mre complex problem of matching two schemas that belong to an expressive OWL dialect. We adopt an instance-based approach and, therefore, assume that a set of instances from each schema is available. We first decompose the problem of OWL schema matching into the problem of vocabulary matching and the problem of concept mapping. We also introduce sufficient conditions guaranteeing that a vocabulary matching induces a correct concept mapping. Next, we describe OWL schema matching technique based on the notion of similarity. Lastly, we evaluate the precision of the technique using data available on the Web. Unlike any of the previous instance-based techniques, the matching process we describe uses similarity functions to induce vocabulary matchings in a non-trivial, coping with an expressive OWL dialect. We also illustrate, through a set of examples, that the structure of OWL schemas may lead to incorrect concept mappings and indicate how to avoid such pitfalls.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explain whether the conceptualized model of consumer confusion regarding the multiple number of brands and products also applies to the increasing number of eco-labels. The study also examined how the attitudes were affected if confusion occurred amongst the consumers. More specifically, whether consumer confusion leads to negative attitudes. Theoretical Framework: The conceptualized model of consumer confusion, including the three dimensions of ambiguity, information overload and similarity was used in this research.In addition, theories regarding attitudes and indicators that affect consumer’s attitudes werepresented and used for the analysis. Methodological Framework: This research took an explanatory and deductive approach. The research was carried out with a quantitative method including three hypotheses derived from the literature. Data was collected through a questionnaire that was spread online on social media. The gathered data was coded accordingly in order to get the results from the frequencies, descriptive statistics, correlation and the regression analysis. Empirical Results: It was discovered that the respondents were confused by eco-labels and eco-labelled products regarding all the three dimensions of the conceptualized model of consumer confusion. However, the fact that the attitudes towards eco-labels and eco-labelled products were very positive, led to a rejection of all the three hypotheses. Consequently, supportive questions from the questionnaire and the demographic details of the sample served as additional support to further discuss the results of the study. Conclusions: This study showed that the conceptualized model of consumer confusion also applies to eco-labels. However, the consumers still had positive attitudes towards eco-labels and eco-labelled products which could be seen as contradictory. Nevertheless, positive beliefs about eco-labels and its effects and demographic details were found to have an impact on the positive attitudes.

Data de aprova??o ausente. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-06-08T22:19:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 luana_martins_santos.pdf: 1170564 bytes, checksum: 215e11cc17c654f8760cc6085cca3464 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-06-22T15:18:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 luana_martins_santos.pdf: 1170564 bytes, checksum: 215e11cc17c654f8760cc6085cca3464 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T15:18:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 luana_martins_santos.pdf: 1170564 bytes, checksum: 215e11cc17c654f8760cc6085cca3464 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A produ??o de muda ? uma etapa primordial e decisiva para a implanta??o de uma floresta. No entanto, devido a diversos fatores de ordem t?cnica, as perdas no setor de produ??o s?o bastante relevantes. Dentre estes fatores est? o descarte do substrato, que quando feito de forma err?nea favorece a prolifera??o de micro-organismos fitopatog?nicos em viveiro. Isso pode desencadear em perdas significativas e ainda se tornar um passivo ambiental. Raramente o substrato ? reutilizado nos viveiros comerciais, uma vez que presume-se que as caracter?sticas f?sica, qu?mica e biol?gicas formam perdidas durante a produ??o das mudas. Contudo, h? poucos estudos sobre micro-organismos em substratos. A import?ncia deste estudo fundamenta-se na escassez de pesquisa sobre essa problem?tica que afeta o setor de produ??o de mudas, bem como buscar alternativas sustent?veis que pressup?e a demanda de uso desse insumo. A aplica??o de t?cnicas moleculares vem sendo empregadas para detectar e identificar os micro-organismos em diversos ambientes. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi detectar a diversidade microbiol?gica em amostras de substratos descartados pela t?cnica de PCR-RFLP. Foram coletados dez amostras de substratos em diferentes viveiros no estado de Minas Gerais em diferentes fases de produ??o e estado de tecnifica??o. O DNA gen?mico total foi extra?do e amplificado pela t?cnica de PCR com oligonucleot?deos espec?ficos para fungos, bact?ria e archaea. Os produtos amplificados foram submetidos ? clivagem com enzimas de restri??o HaeIII, BamHI, TaqI e HindIII, para detec??o de poss?veis polimorfismos entre as amostras por meio da t?cnica de PCR-RFLP. Foi poss?vel verificar diferen?as entre as amostras de substratos, tanto em rela??o ao tamanho da regi?o do DNA amplificada, bem como em rela??o ? presen?a de s?tios de restri??o. Com base no ?ndice de similaridade, detectou-se uma maior varia??o da diversidade dentro da amostra em diferentes fases do que nas amostras entre os diferentes viveiros. Portanto, estes resultados podem ser relevantes para o conhecimento da diversidade microbiol?gica em substrato. Por?m mais estudos se fazem necess?rios para maior compreens?o destes micro-organismos e sua fun??o no substrato. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The production of changes is a crucial and decisive step for the implementation of a forest. However, due to several technical factors, losses in the production sector are quite relevant. Among these factors is the disposal of substrate, which when done wrongly favors the proliferation of phytopathogenic microorganisms in nursery. This can trigger significant losses and still become a environmental liabilities. Rarely the substrate is reused in commercial nurseries, since it is assumed that the physical, chemical and biological characteristics were lost during the production of seedlings. However, there are few studies on microorganisms on substrates. The importance of this study is based on the scarcity of research on this issue that affects the production of seedlings, as well as seek sustainable alternatives that assumes the use of this raw material demand. The application of molecular techniques have been employed to detect and identify microorganisms in various environments. In this context, the objective of this study was to detect microbiological diversity in substrate samples dropped by PCR-RFLP technique. Ten samples were collected of substrates in different nurseries in the State of Minas Gerais in different stages of production and State of modern farms. Total genomic DNA was extracted and amplified by the PCR technique with specific oligonucleotides to fungi, bacteria and archaea. The amplified products were submitted to cleavage with HaeIII restriction enzymes, BamHI, HindIII, and TaqI for detection of possible polymorphisms between the samples by PCR-RFLP technique. It was possible to check differences between samples of substrates, both in relation to the size of the amplified DNA region as well as in relation to the presence of restriction sites. Based on the index of similarity, if a greater variation of diversity within the sample at different stages than in samples between different nurseries. Therefore, these results may be relevant to the knowledge of microbiological diversity in substrate. However more studies are needed to better understanding of these microorganisms and their role in the substrate.

La veille anticipative stratégique et intelligence collective (VASIC) proposée par Lesca est une méthode aidant les entreprises à se mettre à l'écoute de leur environnement pour anticiper des opportunités ou des risques. Cette méthode nécessite la collecte d'informations. Or, avec le développement des technologies de l'information, les salariés font face à une surabondance d'informations. Afin d'aider à pérenniser le dispositif de veille stratégique, il est nécessaire de mettre en place des outils pour gérer la surinformation. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une mesure de voisinage pour estimer si deux informations sont proches ; nous avons créé un prototype, nommé Alhena, basé sur cette mesure. Nous démontrons les propriétés de notre mesure ainsi que sa pertinence dans le cadre de la veille stratégique. Nous montrons également que le prototype peut servir dans d'autres domaines tels que la littérature, l'informatique et la psychologie. Ce travail est pluridisciplinaire : il aborde des aspects de veille stratégique (en sciences de gestion), de la recherche d'informations, d'informatique linguistique et de mathématiques. Nous nous sommes attachés à partir d'un problème concret en sciences de gestion à proposer un outil qui opérationnalise des techniques informatiques et mathématiques en vue d'une aide à la décision (gain de temps, aide à la lecture,...). / Business environmental scanning and collective intelligence (VASIC) as proposed by Lesca is a method to help companies tune in to their environment to anticipate opportunities or risks. This method requires collecting information, yet with the development of information technology, employees face a glut of information. To help sustain VASIC, it is necessary to develop tools to manage information overload. In this thesis, we propose a nearness measurement to estimate if two pieces of information are similar and we have created a prototype, called Alhena, based on this measurement. We demonstrate the properties of our measurement and its relevance in the context of VASIC. We also show that the prototype can be used in other fields such as literature, computer science and psychology. This work is multidisciplinary as it covers aspects of business environmental scanning (management science), research information, computer linguistics and mathematics. We focus on a concrete problem in management science to provide a tool that operationalizes computational and mathematical techniques with a goal of providing decision making support (time saving, reading assistance, ...).

A engenharia geotécnica brasileira é fortemente dependente dos resultados do ensaio SPT, sendo de fundamental importância aprimorar os métodos de investigação e elaboração de projetos nesta área. Embora bastante utilizado, o ensaio tem sido objeto freqüente de críticas, abrangendo tanto aspectos relacionados à dispersão de resultados, quanto à dependência do operador e diversidade de equipamentos e procedimentos. Devido a estas limitações, estudos de medição de energia têm sido desenvolvidos visando a padronização do ensaio, sendo inúmeras as contribuições nesta área. Para validar abordagens baseadas em conceitos de energia e dinâmica foram projetados, construídos e testados equipamentos de penetração dentro dos princípios de escala e similaridade com o objetivo de avaliar as semelhanças geométricas envolvidas no processo de cravação dinâmico. Os equipamentos foram projetados de acordo com uma análise dimensional, que objetiva estabelecer condições de semelhança física entre os ensaios considerando-se relações entre as áreas transversais dos amostradores correspondentes a 0,5, 1,5 e 2,0 vezes a área do amostrador padrão. A engenharia geotécnica brasileira é fortemente dependente dos resultados do ensaio SPT, sendo de fundamental importância aprimorar os métodos de investigação e elaboração de projetos nesta área. Embora bastante utilizado, o ensaio tem sido objeto freqüente de críticas, abrangendo tanto aspectos relacionados à dispersão de resultados, quanto à dependência do operador e diversidade de equipamentos e procedimentos. Devido a estas limitações, estudos de medição de energia têm sido desenvolvidos visando a padronização do ensaio, sendo inúmeras as contribuições nesta área. Para validar abordagens baseadas em conceitos de energia e dinâmica foram projetados, construídos e testados equipamentos de penetração dentro dos princípios de escala e similaridade com o objetivo de avaliar as semelhanças geométricas envolvidas no processo de cravação dinâmico. Os equipamentos foram projetados de acordo com uma análise dimensional, que objetiva estabelecer condições de semelhança física entre os ensaios considerando-se relações entre as áreas transversais dos amostradores correspondentes a 0,5, 1,5 e 2,0 vezes a área do amostrador padrão. / The Brazilian geotechnical practice is heavily dependent on SPT tests and for this reason it is fundamental the improvements of interpretation method throughout systematic research in this area. Although widely used, the test has been the object of frequent criticism, due to aspects related to scatter in test data, dependence of the operator and diversity of equipment and procedures. Because of these limitations, studies of measured energy have been developed to standardize the test are of ultimate importance and so are the methods of interpretation based on energy. To validate approaches based on the concepts of energy and dynamic, an equipment was constructed and tested following the principles of scale and similarity in an attempt of evaluating the geometrical similarities involved in the dynamic driving process. The equipment has been designed according to a dimensional analysis, which aims to establish conditions of physical similarity between the tests considered to be 0.5, 1.5 and 2.0 times the area of the standard sampler. The use of a numerical program developed by Lobo et al (2007) allowed numerical simulations to be carried out in order to predict the sampler penetration ρ, as well as the energy and dynamic force produced during penetration. Through experimental analysis performed, it was possible to test the different geometries, using open and closed samplers, and two different lifting mechanisms for lifting the hammer, using steel wire and sisal rope. Despite the scatter, the various equipments and procedures produce similar when the principles of scale and similarity have been considered. Scatter is attributed to soil heterogeneity, efficiency and other factors inherent to dynamic penetration testing. From the experimental program, it has been concluded that concepts of similarity applied to dynamic tests have great potential in the interpretation of SPT data, which opens up new alternatives to the empirical methods currently adopted in practice.

Os mecanismos tradicionais de consulta a bases de dados, que utilizam o critério de igualdade, têm se tornado ineficazes quando os dados armazenados possuem variações tanto ortográficas quanto de formato. Nesses casos, torna-se necessário o uso de funções de similaridade ao invés dos operadores booleanos. Os mecanismos de consulta por similaridade retornam um ranking de elementos ordenados pelo seu valor de similaridade em relação ao objeto consultado. Para delimitar os elementos desse ranking que efetivamente fazem parte do resultado pode-se utilizar um limiar de similaridade. Entretanto, a definição do limiar de similaridade adequado é complexa, visto que este valor varia de acordo com a função de similaridade usada e a semântica dos dados consultados. Uma das formas de auxiliar na definição do limiar adequado é avaliar a qualidade do resultado de consultas que utilizam funções de similaridade para diferentes limiares sobre uma amostra da coleção de dados. Este trabalho apresenta um método automático de estimativa da qualidade de funções de similaridade através de medidas de revocação e precisão computadas para diferentes limiares. Os resultados obtidos a partir da aplicação desse método podem ser utilizados como metadados e, a partir dos requisitos de uma aplicação específica, auxiliar na definição do limiar mais adequado. Este processo automático utiliza métodos de agrupamento por similaridade, bem como medidas para validar os grupos formados por esses métodos, para eliminar a intervenção humana durante a estimativa de valores de revocação e precisão. / Traditional database query mechanisms, which use the equality criterion, have become inefficient when the stored data have spelling and format variations. In such cases, it's necessary to use similarity functions instead of boolean operators. Query mechanisms that use similarity functions return a ranking of elements ordered by their score in relation to the query object. To define the relevant elements that must be returned in this ranking, a threshold value can be used. However, the definition of the appropriated threshold value is complex, because it depends on the similarity function used and the semantics of the queried data. One way to help to choose an appropriate threshold is to evaluate the quality of similarity functions results using different thresholds values on a database sample. This work presents an automatic method to estimate the quality of similarity functions through recall and precision measures computed for different thresholds. The results obtained by this method can be used as metadata and, through the requirements of an specific application, assist in setting the appropriated threshold value. This process uses clustering methods and cluster validity measures to eliminate human intervention during the process of estimating recall and precision.

Community descriptors based on attributes have been widely used to make inferences about mounting rules in a community. The level of discrimination used to identify attributes (resolution) influence the estimates of diversity at the community level. Thus, the practical decisions about how the attributes are measured may have repercussions on the patterns of diversity and its correlation with forecast variables. We have developed a framework to evaluate: i) how much information is lost when the resolution on the measurement of performance is reduced, and; II) to what extent the morphological characteristics and phylogeny can be used as a substitute for strategy. We tested also the resolution on the measurement of attributes affects the ability to discriminate different functional diversity marine habitats. We used empirical data from the community of marine fish and correlate with the array of more detailed resolution diet (proportion of food items in the stomach contents of the collected specimens) with matrices (for par) on different resolutions of diet (trophic array based on secondary data; in primary data; primary data of presence and absence of diet food items; primary data as the 0 , 1 and 2 according to itensde foods of importance), eco-morphology and phylogeny. We will then use a functional diversity index (FD) between three regions (influenced by the reef, lagoon and estuary) using different resolutions of attributes, phylogeny and ecomorphology. Phylogeny and ecomorfológicas characteristics were not correlated with the food strategy of the species. However, there was a strong correlation (0.7) between maximum resolution and diet data obtained at the expense of lower resolutions data. Significantly, the resolution was the only one able to discriminate different tropical habitats. These results do not support the use of substitutes for trophic characteristics and highlights the importance the resolution of trophic attributes as a measure to be considered in studies of functional diversity. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Descritores da comunidade baseada em atributos têm sido amplamente utilizados para fazer inferências sobre regras de montagem em uma comunidade. O nível de discriminação usado para identificar atributos (resolução) influencia as estimativas de diversidade ao nível da comunidade. Assim, as decisões práticas sobre como os atributos serão medidos pode ter consequências sobre os padrões de diversidade e sua correlação com variáveis de previsão. Nós desenvolvemos um framework para avaliar: i) quanta informação é perdida quando a resolução na medição de características funcionais é reduzida, e; ii) até que ponto as características morfológicas e filogenia podem ser usados como substitutos de estratégia de alimentação. Nós testamos também se a resolução na medição de atributos afeta a capacidade da diversidade funcional em discriminar diferentes habitats marinhos. Foram utilizados dados empíricos da comunidade de peixes marinhos e correlacionamos com a matriz da resolução mais detalhada de dieta (proporção de itens alimentares no conteúdo estomacal dos exemplares coletados) com as matrizes (par a par) em diferentes resoluções da dieta (matriz trófica com base em dados secundários; em dados primários; dados primários de dieta com presença e ausência de itens alimentares; dados primários como a 0, 1 e 2 de acordo com itensde alimentos de importância), ecomorfologia e filogenia. Nós, então, utilizamos um índice de diversidade funcional (FD) entre três regiões marinhas (influenciado pelo recife, lagoa e estuário) usando diferentes resoluções de atributos, filogenia e ecomorfologia. Filogenia e características ecomorfológicas não foram correlacionadas com a estratégia alimentar das espécies. No entanto, houve uma forte correlação (0,7) entre resolução máxima e dieta obtida por dados, em detrimento a dados de resoluções mais baixas. Significativamente, a resolução foi a única capaz de discriminar diferentes habitats tropicais. Esses resultados não suportam o uso de substitutos para características tróficas e destaca a importância da resolução de atributos tróficos como medida a ser considerada em estudos de diversidade funcional.