Based on an analysis of the smart city and smart region concepts and case studies, the aim of the thesis was to identify the possibilities of their use in the tourism industry and to create a proposal for their application in selected tourist destinations. In cooperation with the selected destination of Písek, which endorses the smart city concept, and based on discussions with city representatives, the objective was narrowed down to the introduction of new iBeacon technology implemented in Písek through the eCulture project. This technology helps fulfil the concept of the smart city as a tourist destination. The main goal of applying this method is effective presentation of the City of Písek. Together with the destination company Píseckem, s.r.o., a total of 12 beacons were proposed in the historic city centre and three more in its immediate vicinity. First, the content of individual beacons was prepared in the practical part of the research, which was divided into basic and supplementary text. The basic text provides the main information, while the supplementary text is primarily designed to attract attention. Subsequently, the destination company was provided with graphic designs for display-ing information to end-users through selected beacons. To ensure effective presentation of the City of Písek through iBeacon technol-ogy, selected visuals were tested with an eye camera. Eye tracking is a modern research method in which the eye movements of participants (respondents) are monitored. The results were presented using heat maps, which show the intensity with which individual places in the graphic design are viewed by respondents. The proposal part of the thesis was prepared based on the results of eye tracking tests and subsequent in-depth interviews. A total of four graphic designs were created, namely beacon 01 (Great Square), beacon 02 (Town Hall Courtyard), beacon 03 (Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross) and beacon 05 (Bakaláře).

No description available.

[pt] Estima-se que até 2050, noventa por cento da população da América Latina esteja residindo em áreas urbanas (UN DESA, 2018), dado que impõe um desafio às cidades, que precisam buscar soluções para melhorar a qualidade de vida de seus habitantes e ainda ser capazes de atrair investimentos e visitantes, desenvolvendo estratégias que as destaquem mundialmente. Visando melhorar a qualidade de vida, a eficiência dos serviços e a competitividade dos centros urbanos, através da tecnologia, respeitando aspectos econômicos, sociais, ambientais e culturais, o conceito de Cidade Inteligente apresenta-se como uma solução para o presente e o futuro das cidades (ITU-T, 2016), influenciando ainda, a indústria do turismo, de onde emerge o Destino Turístico Inteligente, que se propõe a tornar a experiência geral dos visitantes mais divertida, eficiente e conveniente (BOES; BUHALIS; INVERSINI, 2015). O objetivo desta tese é compreender como os atributos de Cidades Inteligentes (GIFFINGER et al., 2007) influenciam a marca de uma cidade. Empregando uma estratégia de métodos mistos, foram coletadas percepções de turistas acerca dos atributos em dez capitais da América Latina. Em seguida, foram investigadas as iniciativas e a comunicação das cidades, através da análise dos sites e publicações nos perfis de turismo da rede social Instagram. Por fim, a trajetória do Rio de Janeiro para se tornar uma Cidade Inteligente e um Destino Turístico Inteligente (BUHALIS; AMARANGGANA, 2014) foi examinada. Os achados apontam dissonâncias entre o que é percebido e o que é comunicado, indicando oportunidades para que os gestores públicos, profissionais de branding e de turismo agreguem tais atributos aos posicionamentos de marcas de cidades, bem como ampliem o escopo de um Destino Turístico Inteligente, aproximando-o do conceito de Cidade Inteligente. A tese contribui com os estudos sobre marcas de lugares, ao investigar de que forma os atributos de Cidades Inteligentes podem influenciar as marcas de cidades ou de destinos turísticos e com a concepção de destinos turísticos, ao identificar que a dimensão Pessoas deve ser ressaltada. Envolver os cidadãos em uma cultura inteligente e adotar as dimensões de Cidades Inteligentes como premissas para direcionar a ideação do plano estratégico das cidades da América Latina, pode contribuir para a construção de sua reputação como Cidade Inteligente. / [en] It is estimated that by 2050, 90 percent of the population of Latin America will be living in urban areas (UN DESA, 2018), as this poses a challenge to cities, which need to seek solutions to improve the quality of life of their inhabitants and still be capable of attracting investments and visitors, developing strategies that make them stand out worldwide. Aiming to improve the quality of life, the efficiency of services and the competitiveness of urban centers, through technology, respecting economic, social, environmental and cultural aspects, the Smart City concept presents itself as a solution for the present and the future of cities (ITU-T, 2016), also influencing the tourism industry, from which the Smart Tourism Destination emerges, which proposes to make the general experience of visitors more fun, efficient and convenient (BOES; BUHALIS; INVERSINI, 2015) . The objective of this thesis is to understand how the attributes of Smart Cities (GIFFINGER et al., 2007) influence the brand of a city. Employing a mixed methods strategy, tourists perceptions of attributes were collected in ten Latin American capitals. Then, the initiatives and the communication of the cities were investigated, through the analysis of the websites and publications in the tourism profiles of the social network Instagram. Finally, Rio de Janeiro s trajectory towards becoming a Smart City and Smart Tourist Destination (BUHALIS; AMARANGGANA, 2014) was examined. The findings point to dissonances between what is perceived and what is communicated, indicating opportunities for public managers, branding and tourism professionals to add such attributes to the positioning of city brands, as well as to expand the scope of an Smart Tourism Destination, bringing it closer to the Smart City concept. The thesis contributes to studies on place branding, by investigating how the attributes of Smart Cities can influence the brands of cities or tourist destinations and with the design of tourist destinations, by identifying that the People dimension should be highlighted. Involving citizens in an intelligent culture and adopting the dimensions of Smart Cities as premises to direct the ideation of the strategic plan of cities in Latin America, can contribute to building their Smart Cities reputation.

This paper aims to show how User Generated Content can create value for Smart Tourism Destinations. Applying the analysis on 5 different cases in the region of Stockholm to derive patterns and opportunities of value creation generated by UGC in tourism. Findings of this paper is also discussed in terms of improving decision making, possibilities of new business models and importance of technological improvements on STD’s. Finally, thoughts on models are presented for researchers and practitioners that might be interested in exploitation of UGC in the context of information-intensive industries and mainly in Tourism.

Submitted by Mariana Brandão (marianabrandao@globo.com) on 2017-12-04T15:25:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017.Mariana Brandao Cavalheiro_Tese.pdf: 79871762 bytes, checksum: a853438e2692cc3ee64c7fb1f7686206 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2017-12-04T15:57:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017.Mariana Brandao Cavalheiro_Tese.pdf: 79871762 bytes, checksum: a853438e2692cc3ee64c7fb1f7686206 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-08T18:41:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017.Mariana Brandao Cavalheiro_Tese.pdf: 79871762 bytes, checksum: a853438e2692cc3ee64c7fb1f7686206 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-18 / O rápido aumento da população urbana apresenta novos desafios para a administração de cidades em todo o mundo. No entanto, com a adoção generalizada de tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC), um número crescente de iniciativas estão sendo implementadas para aliviar essa tensão ao tentar transformar os centros urbanos em cidades inteligentes. Paralelamente ao conceito de cidades inteligentes, uma variação específica deste conceito emergiu no setor de turismo, cunhado na ideia de destinos turísticos inteligentes (DTI). Com base na experiência de Armação dos Búzios (RJ, Brasil), esta pesquisa explora algumas questões cruciais ao processo de transformação de um destino turístico em inteligente. De fato, os principais destinos turísticos estão implementando cada vez mais as TIC para enriquecer as experiências dos turistas e, como resultado, melhorar a competitividade do destino. Apesar do crescente número de iniciativas de DTI em diferentes países, a literatura existente permanece incipiente sobre esse fenômeno crescente. Assim, o primeiro artigo desta tese propõe um modelo teórico – o Smart Destinantion Development Model - visando indicar um caminho estratégico que um destino turístico deveria seguir para se tornar inteligente. Ao discutir a ideia de DTI, argumentamos que, além de aumentar a competitividade do destino, um projeto de DTI deve basear-se em um paradigma sustentável para criar valor público para a comunidade local. O segundo trabalho, desenvolvido sob a perspectiva da teoria Ator-Rede, está focado em investigar o processo de implementação do projeto de cidade inteligente de Armação dos Búzios, denominado Cidade Inteligente Búzios (CIB). Além disso, essa pesquisa também tentou entender o papel do contexto na implementação de um projeto de cidade inteligente. Nossas descobertas revelam que o projeto da cidade inteligente estudado foi principalmente motivado pela regulação pública e decisões, que caracterizamos como de cima para baixo, praticadas através das interações de seus participantes Após reconhecer o papel dos atores envolvidos no projeto CIB, bem como suas motivações, o terceiro artigo analisou o mesmo projeto usando o modelo SDDM. Desta forma, o artigo III visa investigar se, no processo de implementação do projeto da cidade inteligente, Armação dos Búzios também buscou se tornar um DTI. Nossos resultados mostraram que, apesar das oportunidades que surgiram com a infraestrutura tecnológica trazida pelo projeto da cidade inteligente, o setor de turismo de Armação dos Búzios não conseguiu se tornar mais eficiente. Assim, o último artigo provou que as TIC não irão atuar por si só para melhorar a experiência dos turistas. Na verdade, há uma cadeia de valor turístico muito complexa que precisa ser organizada e envolvida com uma visão estratégica comum, antes que a tecnologia se torne útil para aumentar a competitividade do destino turístico. / The rapid increase in urban population poses significant challenges to the administration of cities throughout the world. However, with the widespread adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT), a growing number of initiatives are being implemented to alleviate such strain by attempting to transform urban centers into Smart Cities. Parallel to the concept of Smart City, a specific variation of this concept is emerging in the Tourism sector, which regards the idea of Smart Tourism Destinations (STD). Drawing upon Armação dos Búzios (RJ, Brazil) experience, this research explores some key issues to be addressed in the process of transforming a tourism destination into a smart one. In fact, mainstream tourism destinations are increasingly implementing ICTs to enrich tourists' experiences and, as a result, improve the competitiveness of the tourism destination. Despite the growing number of STD initiatives in different countries, the extant literature remains silent on this growing phenomenon. As such, the first article of this thesis proposes a theoretical model – The Smart Destination Development Model – aimed at indicating a strategic path that a tourism destination should follow to become a smart one. By discussing the idea of STD, we argue that besides enhancing the destination competitiveness, an STD project should be grounded on a sustainable paradigm in order to create public value for the hosting community. The second paper, developed under the Actor-Network theory perspective, is focused on investigating the implementation process of the smart city project that took place in Armação dos Búzios, named Cidade Inteligente Búzios (CIB). Additionally, this research also attempted to understand the role of context in the implementation of a smart city project. Our findings reveal that the smart city project studied was primarily motivated by public regulation and mainstream decisions we characterized as top-down decisions implemented through interactions of project participants. After acknowledging the role of actors involved the CIB project, as well as their motivations, the third article has studied the same project using the SDDM. In this way, article III aims at investigating if in the process of implementing the smart city project, Armação dos Búzios also sought to become a STD. Our results have shown that, despite the opportunities that emerged with the technological infrastructure brought by the smart city project, the tourism sector of Armação dos Búzios was not able to become more efficient. Thus, the last paper has proven that ICT will not act by itself in improving the tourists’ experience. In fact, there is a very complex touristic value chain that needs to be organized, and be engaged with a common strategic vision, before technology becomes useful to increase the tourism destination competitiveness.

No description available.

<p>Паметни&nbsp; туризам&nbsp; је&nbsp; постао&nbsp; образац&nbsp; примене&nbsp; ИКТ&nbsp; у&nbsp; туризму.&nbsp; Као&nbsp; посебна&nbsp; агенда&nbsp; у оквиру&nbsp; дискурса&nbsp; Е-туризма,&nbsp; паметни&nbsp; туризам&nbsp; показује&nbsp; већи&nbsp; степен&nbsp; деловања, остварујући&nbsp; утицај&nbsp; у&nbsp; свим&nbsp; фазама&nbsp; туристичког&nbsp; путовања,&nbsp; као&nbsp; и&nbsp; на&nbsp; готово&nbsp; све&nbsp; чиниоце везано за хетерогену туристичку понуду и тражњу. Поједине дестинације су препознале значај&nbsp; паметног&nbsp; туризма&nbsp; и&nbsp; на&nbsp; принципима&nbsp; развоја&nbsp; које&nbsp; подржава&nbsp; овај&nbsp; концепт, унапредиле&nbsp; своју&nbsp; конкурентску&nbsp; позицију.&nbsp; Ту&nbsp; се&nbsp; подједнако&nbsp; мисли&nbsp; и&nbsp; на&nbsp; побољшање туристичког&nbsp; искуства,&nbsp; али&nbsp; и&nbsp; на&nbsp; добробит&nbsp; коју&nbsp; остварује&nbsp; сама&nbsp; дестинација&nbsp; и&nbsp; њени становници.&nbsp; У&nbsp; том&nbsp; контексту,&nbsp; ова&nbsp; докторска&nbsp; дисертација&nbsp; је&nbsp; испитивала&nbsp; могућности примене концепта паметног туризма на простору Републике Србије и начине на које он може&nbsp; утицати&nbsp; на&nbsp; туристичку&nbsp; конкурентност&nbsp; земље.Анализирана&nbsp; је&nbsp; конкурентност Србије&nbsp; као&nbsp; дестинације&nbsp; паметног&nbsp; туризма&nbsp; и&nbsp; то&nbsp; са&nbsp; аспекта&nbsp; запослених&nbsp; у&nbsp; туристичком сектору, као и са аспекта туриста у две одабране дестинације, Нови Сад и Врњачка бања.Да би Србија могла у будућности да се профилише као дестинација паметног туризма и да се развија на могућностима овог концепта, неопходно је, између осталог, анализирати ту&nbsp; проблематику&nbsp; са&nbsp; аспекта&nbsp; људских&nbsp; ресурса.&nbsp; С&nbsp; обзиром&nbsp; да&nbsp; се&nbsp; паметни&nbsp; туризам&nbsp; као најновији&nbsp; тренд&nbsp; у&nbsp; туризму,&nbsp; заснива&nbsp; и&nbsp; на&nbsp; информационо-комуникационим&nbsp; технологија, ова&nbsp; два&nbsp; аспекта&nbsp; су&nbsp; узета&nbsp; као&nbsp; кључна&nbsp; у&nbsp; анализи&nbsp; конкурентности.&nbsp; Разумевање&nbsp; ових фактора&nbsp; може&nbsp; бити&nbsp; значајно&nbsp; у&nbsp; утврђивању&nbsp; слабих&nbsp; тачки&nbsp; и&nbsp; предности,&nbsp; као&nbsp; неопходних услова&nbsp; за&nbsp; развој&nbsp; паметног&nbsp; туризма,&nbsp; односно&nbsp; утврђивање&nbsp; потенцијала&nbsp; Србије&nbsp; за&nbsp; развој паметног туризма. Добијена сазнања такође могу да покрену питање да ли су запослени у&nbsp; туристичком&nbsp; сектору&nbsp; спремни&nbsp; да&nbsp; развијају&nbsp; паметни&nbsp; туризам&nbsp; тако&nbsp; што&nbsp; ће&nbsp; показати спремност и прихватити имплементацију нових технологија, било да се ради о усвајању новог информационог система на радном месту, или ће се нагласак ставити на системе услуга намењене туристима.</p> / <p>Pametni&nbsp; turizam&nbsp; je&nbsp; postao&nbsp; obrazac&nbsp; primene&nbsp; IKT&nbsp; u&nbsp; turizmu.&nbsp; Kao&nbsp; posebna&nbsp; agenda&nbsp; u okviru&nbsp; diskursa&nbsp; E-turizma,&nbsp; pametni&nbsp; turizam&nbsp; pokazuje&nbsp; veći&nbsp; stepen&nbsp; delovanja, ostvarujući&nbsp; uticaj&nbsp; u&nbsp; svim&nbsp; fazama&nbsp; turističkog&nbsp; putovanja,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; na&nbsp; gotovo&nbsp; sve&nbsp; činioce vezano za heterogenu turističku ponudu i tražnju. Pojedine destinacije su prepoznale značaj&nbsp; pametnog&nbsp; turizma&nbsp; i&nbsp; na&nbsp; principima&nbsp; razvoja&nbsp; koje&nbsp; podržava&nbsp; ovaj&nbsp; koncept, unapredile&nbsp; svoju&nbsp; konkurentsku&nbsp; poziciju.&nbsp; Tu&nbsp; se&nbsp; podjednako&nbsp; misli&nbsp; i&nbsp; na&nbsp; poboljšanje turističkog&nbsp; iskustva,&nbsp; ali&nbsp; i&nbsp; na&nbsp; dobrobit&nbsp; koju&nbsp; ostvaruje&nbsp; sama&nbsp; destinacija&nbsp; i&nbsp; njeni stanovnici.&nbsp; U&nbsp; tom&nbsp; kontekstu,&nbsp; ova&nbsp; doktorska&nbsp; disertacija&nbsp; je&nbsp; ispitivala&nbsp; mogućnosti primene koncepta pametnog turizma na prostoru Republike Srbije i načine na koje on može&nbsp; uticati&nbsp; na&nbsp; turističku&nbsp; konkurentnost&nbsp; zemlje.Analizirana&nbsp; je&nbsp; konkurentnost Srbije&nbsp; kao&nbsp; destinacije&nbsp; pametnog&nbsp; turizma&nbsp; i&nbsp; to&nbsp; sa&nbsp; aspekta&nbsp; zaposlenih&nbsp; u&nbsp; turističkom sektoru, kao i sa aspekta turista u dve odabrane destinacije, Novi Sad i Vrnjačka banja.Da bi Srbija mogla u budućnosti da se profiliše kao destinacija pametnog turizma i da se razvija na mogućnostima ovog koncepta, neophodno je, između ostalog, analizirati tu&nbsp; problematiku&nbsp; sa&nbsp; aspekta&nbsp; ljudskih&nbsp; resursa.&nbsp; S&nbsp; obzirom&nbsp; da&nbsp; se&nbsp; pametni&nbsp; turizam&nbsp; kao najnoviji&nbsp; trend&nbsp; u&nbsp; turizmu,&nbsp; zasniva&nbsp; i&nbsp; na&nbsp; informaciono-komunikacionim&nbsp; tehnologija, ova&nbsp; dva&nbsp; aspekta&nbsp; su&nbsp; uzeta&nbsp; kao&nbsp; ključna&nbsp; u&nbsp; analizi&nbsp; konkurentnosti.&nbsp; Razumevanje&nbsp; ovih faktora&nbsp; može&nbsp; biti&nbsp; značajno&nbsp; u&nbsp; utvrđivanju&nbsp; slabih&nbsp; tački&nbsp; i&nbsp; prednosti,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; neophodnih uslova&nbsp; za&nbsp; razvoj&nbsp; pametnog&nbsp; turizma,&nbsp; odnosno&nbsp; utvrđivanje&nbsp; potencijala&nbsp; Srbije&nbsp; za&nbsp; razvoj pametnog turizma. Dobijena saznanja takođe mogu da pokrenu pitanje da li su zaposleni u&nbsp; turističkom&nbsp; sektoru&nbsp; spremni&nbsp; da&nbsp; razvijaju&nbsp; pametni&nbsp; turizam&nbsp; tako&nbsp; što&nbsp; će&nbsp; pokazati spremnost i prihvatiti implementaciju novih tehnologija, bilo da se radi o usvajanju novog informacionog sistema na radnom mestu, ili će se naglasak staviti na sisteme usluga namenjene turistima.</p> / <p>Smart tourism has become a form of ICT application in tourism. As a special agenda within the e-tourism&nbsp; discourse,&nbsp; smart&nbsp; tourism&nbsp; shows&nbsp; a&nbsp; higher&nbsp; degree&nbsp; of&nbsp; action,&nbsp; having&nbsp; an&nbsp; impact&nbsp; in&nbsp; all stages of travel, as well as on almost all factors related to the heterogeneous tourist offer&nbsp; and demand.&nbsp; Certain&nbsp; destinations&nbsp; have&nbsp; recognized&nbsp; the&nbsp; importance&nbsp; of&nbsp; smart&nbsp; tourism&nbsp; and&nbsp; on&nbsp; the principles of development&nbsp; supported by this concept, have improved their competitive position. This&nbsp; refers&nbsp; on&nbsp; improving&nbsp; the&nbsp; tourist&nbsp; experience,&nbsp; but&nbsp; also&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; benefits&nbsp; for &nbsp; the&nbsp; destination itself and its inhabitants. In that context, this PhD theseis examined the possibilities of applying the smart tourism concept in the Republic of Serbia and the ways in which it can influence the tourism competitiveness. The competitiveness of Serbia as a destination of smart tourism was analyzed from the aspect of the employees in the tourist sector, as well as from the aspect of tourists in two selected destinations, Novi Sad and Vrnjacka banja.&nbsp;&nbsp; In order to profiled Serbia as&nbsp; a&nbsp; smart&nbsp; tourism&nbsp; destination&nbsp; and&nbsp; to&nbsp; develop&nbsp; it&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; possibilities&nbsp; of&nbsp; this&nbsp; concept,&nbsp; it&nbsp; is necessary,&nbsp; among&nbsp; other&nbsp; things,&nbsp; to&nbsp; analyze&nbsp; this&nbsp; issue&nbsp; from&nbsp; the&nbsp; aspect&nbsp; of&nbsp; human&nbsp; resources. Considering&nbsp; that&nbsp; smart&nbsp; tourism,&nbsp; as&nbsp; the&nbsp; latest&nbsp; trend&nbsp; in&nbsp; tourism,&nbsp; is&nbsp; based&nbsp; on&nbsp; information&nbsp; and communication technologies, these two aspects&nbsp; have been taken as crucial in the analysis of tourism&nbsp; competitiveness.&nbsp; Understanding&nbsp; of&nbsp; these&nbsp; factors&nbsp; can&nbsp; be&nbsp; important&nbsp; in&nbsp; identifying weaknesses&nbsp; and&nbsp; advantages,&nbsp; as&nbsp; the&nbsp; necessary&nbsp; issue&nbsp; for&nbsp; the&nbsp; smart&nbsp; tourism&nbsp; development,&nbsp; i.e.,determining&nbsp; the&nbsp; potential&nbsp; of&nbsp; Serbia&nbsp; for&nbsp; the&nbsp; development&nbsp; of&nbsp; smart&nbsp; tourism.&nbsp; The&nbsp; gained knowledge&nbsp; can&nbsp; also&nbsp; raise&nbsp; the&nbsp; question&nbsp; of&nbsp; whether&nbsp; tourism&nbsp; sector&nbsp; employees&nbsp; are&nbsp; ready&nbsp; to develop&nbsp; smart&nbsp; tourism&nbsp; by&nbsp; showing&nbsp; willingness&nbsp; and&nbsp; accepting&nbsp; the&nbsp; implementation&nbsp; of&nbsp; new technologies, whether it is the adoption of a new information system at the workplace, or it is about service systems for tourists.</p>

Due to urbanization and the population of cities producing up to 75% of emission, Smart City concepts, looking at sustainability and more efficiency within the city, with the help of IoT and ICT based technology, are seen as an opportunity to act future-oriented, today. Construction and transportation are seen as the main contributors on the way of change from energy consumption to energy production. Enhancing infrastructure to improve the quality of all sorts of public transportation is thus of utter importance to governance, interested in Smart City concepts. Looking at the literature, waterborne transportation has not received much scientific attention in the context of being implemented into Smart City initiatives. This systematic literature research draws logical conclusions from the researched literature. The research concludes with a research agenda for future research to deepen the knowledge in the explanatory field of waterborne transportation making use of Smart City technologies. The main findings of this thesis are: First, waterborne transportation poses a threat to the environment and impacts sustainability of water bodies, as well as the environment surrounding them. Second, Smart City technologies can successfully be implemented in waterborne transportation when carefully planned. Barriers for the implementation of Smart City concepts can be lack of knowledge, investment, data security and readiness of infrastructure. These can be overcome through the help of collaboration and knowledge sharing among the involved stakeholders. Third, the image of the industry can be shifted, as well as its direct impact and the indirect use of waterborne transportation can be made more sustainable and ecosystem friendly. This transition attracts further customers, who otherwise were not willing to use waterborne transportation. In order to make waterborne transportation more sustainable and part of the Smart City movement, knowledge needs to be deepened and awareness about the topic needs to be spread. Its use of Smart City technologies needs to be further investigated, looking at specific types and tailored solutions for them, as well as how beneficial such an investment can be for governments and companies regarding ecological costs and their image. This thesis mainly aims to help scholars, interested in further research to deepen the knowledge on waterborne transportation in a sustainability context, but also companies and governance, looking to make waterborne transportation more sustainable.