<p>Internationally, the rights of persons with disabilities to participate as full members of society through inclusive education has become a high priority with the adoption of the first legally binding treaty, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006). In keeping with our culture of acknowledging the rights of all, South Africa has already made great strides towards fulfilling these rights and is in the implementation phase of Education White Paper 6: Building an Inclusive Education and Training System (Department of Education, 2001). In spite of this, the practicability of implementing inclusive education is questioned by many. The inclusion of learners who are blind in neighbourhood schools, as opposed to &lsquo / special schools&rsquo / , is a particularly daunting task. However, the more local cases we have from which to draw insights, the better our chances of making inclusive education both practicable and widely accessible across a range of local contexts. A public, mainstream neighbourhood school that included two learners who are blind was therefore investigated to learn more about how the learners who are blind were physically, socially and academically included in the local school community. Qualitative data collection methods including semi-structured interviews and observations were used to uncover useful strategies, challenges and enabling factors that contributed to their successful inclusion. The findings revealed that the participants in this study had very little knowledge or experience in building an inclusive educational setting at the outset, but engaged in the process with open minds, creativity and trust. By adopting a collaborative approach and an attitude of &lsquo / failing forward&rsquo / , the objective of social and academic inclusion was to a great extent achieved in the school.</p>

The thesis puts forward the problematic situation in the very urban center of Ankara with an analytical method to investigate the roots of several problems. Building its argument on historical facts, in depth observations, and political, social, and urban analysis, it proposes a rational basis for the rehabilitation of 19 Mayis Sports District, mainly focusing on the means of elevating the physical quality through the capacity of social inclusion concerning the sports activity settings and places in the region. All in all, the basic argument stands on the belief that the spatial basis of the 19 Mayis Sports District and the neighboring urban tissue around it might be re-defined and rehabilitated, if only its historical, political, ideological, and socio-cultural bases are redefined. Therefore, the study searches for rehabilitation of the 19 Mayis Sports District in Ulus, Ankara, by adapting and integrating sports with other cultural collective practices, and defining it as an alternative life-style for citizens. Because the district lays on the second division of Atat&uuml / rk Culture Center Region, a sports culture and its policy should be defined and designed for to amend that division of the region by preparing a principal master plan for the region and for the division.

Fighting against the regional development disparities has been considered as one of the most important public policies recently. In this regard, Social Support Program, endorsed in 2008 under GAP Action Plan, is regarded as an important example of public intervention with increasing budget and geographical expansion. Objective of SODES is improving social inclusion of disadvantaged groups and enhancing regional social development. Accordingly, projects prepared by local actors to provide social inclusion, to increase employability and to support cultural, artistic and sports events are financed. &ldquo / Social inclusion&rdquo / is defined as policies and implementations targeting to increase access of disadvantaged groups to services like education, health, employment and social assistance. Debates on social inclusion literature include: lack of clear definition, dichotomy as &ldquo / them and us&rdquo / , focus on state rather than process and limited scope. Objective of this study is critically analyzing SODES, on the basis of social inclusion. In-depth interviews are conducted with beneficiaries, their families, project coordinators, local officials and policy makers to understand the impacts of the projects and SODES. It is observed that, there are important positive outcomes like the increase in schooling rate of girls. However, taking into consideration debates on social inclusion and evaluating SODES projects as a whole, it is argued that SODES has deficiencies regarding its project based structure, sustainability, accessibility of all target groups, evaluation, monitoring and institutionalization. The argument of the thesis is that such deficiencies of SODES are also arising from the concept of social inclusion which has its limitations in confronting structural inequalities in the society.

Bakgrunden till studien är dels att förstå vilken betydelse känslan av delaktighet har för ungdomar, dels hur fritidsverksamheter kan utgöra en social arena som främjar delaktighet hos ungdomar. Jag vill få kunskap om fritidsgården kan vara en accepterande miljö där fler ungdomar kan känna gemenskap samt vilken roll fritidsledare och deras samverkan med andra aktörer har i arbetet med att få fler ungdomar att känna delaktighet. Syftet med studien är att beskriva och analysera vilken betydelse de kommunala fritidsgårdarna som mötesplats har för att främja delaktighet och motverka utanförskap bland ungdomar.Jag har genomfört en mikroetnografisk studie där jag i min empiriska del använt mig av en kombination av intervjuer samt deltagande observationer på en fritidsgård på en mindre ort. Detta i syfte att fånga upp karaktäriseringar som skulle kunna visa fritidsgårdens betydelse som en gränslandsarena. Med hjälp av ett sociokulturellt perspektiv samt Erving Goffmansdramaturgi har jag beskrivit begreppet delaktighet och har tillsammans med studiens empiri och tidigare forskning växt fram till en analys och ett resultat. Resultatet i studien visar att fritidsgården har möjlighet till att vara en arena för delaktighet, men att de måste ha viss struktur och innehåll för att kunna gynna ungdomarna. Vidare visar den vilken betydelse fritidsledaren har i arbetet med ungdomar, relationen mellan dem är den största faktorn till om ungdomen kan känna delaktighet. Samverkan mellan aktörer i ungdomarnas vardag kan vara en möjlighet till att fler ungdomar fångas upp, särskilt utmärkande för att samverkan ska fungera är god kommunikation och tydlig rollfördelning. / The background to the study is to understand the importance of the sense of belonging is for young people, and how leisure activities can constitute a social arena that promotes social inclusion of adolescents. I want to gain knowledge of the recreation center and if it can be an accepting environment where more young people can feel solidarity. And also what the recreationleader and their interaction with other actors can manage in the process of getting more young people to feel involved.The purpose of the study is to describe and analyze the significance of the recreation centers have to promote social inclusion and work against social exclusion among young people. I have made an ethnographic study in which I used a combination of interviews and participant observations at a recreation center in a small town, in order to capture characterizations that would demonstrate leisure's importance as a transitional arena. With the help of a socio-cultural perspective, and Erving Goffman's dramaturgy I have explained the concept of participation and, together with the study's empirical data and previous research evolved into an analysis and result. The result of the study shows that the recreation center has a chance to be an arena for social inclusion, but they need to have a specific structure and contents in order to benefit young people. Furthermore, on the importance of leadership is in work with young people, the relationship between them is the main factors for youth to feel social inclusion. Cooperation between the recreationleader and other actors who works with young people can together help more adolscents, by a holistic perspective on the adolscents everydaylife.

Darbe nagrinėjamas judėjimo negalios asmenų požiūris į gaunamas socialines paslaugas. Pristatomi tyrimo rezultatai, kurie atskleidžia su kokiomis funkcionavimo problemomis susiduria judėjimo negalios asmenys, kokios socialinės paslaugos jiems yra reikšmingiausios bei atskleidžiamas neįgaliųjų ryšys su visuomeninėmis neįgaliųjų organizacijomis. Naudotas kiekybinis tyrimo metodas, renkant duomenis anketinės apklausos būdu. / The paper discusses the standpoint of persons with moving disoders to social services. The results of study are presented the functioning problems of persons with moving disorders also excepted the most important social services of persons with moving disorders. What is more, are discovered the relation of disabled people character with social organizations of disabled people. Used a quantitative research method, data collection by questionnaire.

<p>Internationally, the rights of persons with disabilities to participate as full members of society through inclusive education has become a high priority with the adoption of the first legally binding treaty, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006). In keeping with our culture of acknowledging the rights of all, South Africa has already made great strides towards fulfilling these rights and is in the implementation phase of Education White Paper 6: Building an Inclusive Education and Training System (Department of Education, 2001). In spite of this, the practicability of implementing inclusive education is questioned by many. The inclusion of learners who are blind in neighbourhood schools, as opposed to &lsquo / special schools&rsquo / , is a particularly daunting task. However, the more local cases we have from which to draw insights, the better our chances of making inclusive education both practicable and widely accessible across a range of local contexts. A public, mainstream neighbourhood school that included two learners who are blind was therefore investigated to learn more about how the learners who are blind were physically, socially and academically included in the local school community. Qualitative data collection methods including semi-structured interviews and observations were used to uncover useful strategies, challenges and enabling factors that contributed to their successful inclusion. The findings revealed that the participants in this study had very little knowledge or experience in building an inclusive educational setting at the outset, but engaged in the process with open minds, creativity and trust. By adopting a collaborative approach and an attitude of &lsquo / failing forward&rsquo / , the objective of social and academic inclusion was to a great extent achieved in the school.</p>

This thesis aims to critically elaborate the World Bank&rsquo / s Social Risk Mitigation Project (SRMP) in Turkey for poverty alleviation. Within this context, the thesis argues that the content and means of social policy are re-defined on and around the theme of &lsquo / fight against poverty&rsquo / which is to be realized through (social) risk management. In this sense, there exists a paradigmatic shift in conceptualization of social policy from income re-distributive mechanisms to risk management proposed to achieve through safety-nets and market mechanism, specifically, small-scale income generating activities and investment in human capital. Hence, it is the core claim of this thesis that the strategy proposed by the World Bank for the social policy in Turkish context results in operationalisation of social policy as a means of both political crisis management, and establishing market hegemony in the distribution of welfare which means deepening the dependency on market.

This study employed qualitative research methodology informed by the grounded theory tradition to explore good practice and optimal services for young people presenting with complex care needs associated with challenging or high risk behaviour. In-depth interviews were conducted in three waves of data collection and analysis with fourteen experienced practitioners whose careers have included sustained periods of work with this group in a number of selected Victorian service systems. The principal vantage point was the interface between the supported accommodation and assistance programs for homeless young people, statutory child protection and care, placement and support programs for young people at risk and juvenile justice programs for young offenders. The nature of the problem necessarily included some consideration of mental health and services dealing with substance abuse. The findings propose a view of good practice giving emphasis to the accessible and assertive presence of a responsible adult to �be there� fostering relationships and skilled purposive intervention. Intervention should be planned, holistic, sensitive and responsive to particular needs. It provides active unconditional care. It attends to attachment and trauma concerns and works with short run goals and a long term perspective. Intervention is sustained until constructive disengagement can occur. The complexity and challenge in the task of helping hurt youth warrants the support, strength and guidance of a multi-skilled team. Ideally the team will be described using normative terms. Optimal services are timely, congruent, seamless and robust in capacity to nurture, establish boundaries and meet developmental and therapeutic requirements. They should be connected to a community and there for as long as it takes, with ready access to suitable accommodation, purchasing power and flexibility of operation. To the greatest extent possible solutions are generated in the place where help is sought. Voluntary service commitment lasts till personal capacity and natural networks take over.

The purpose of this qualitative research project has been to explore what social inclusion means to people with an enduring mental health problem. A review of the general literature on social inclusion revealed that little research has been conducted in relation to mental health, particularly in New Zealand. Even fewer studies have investigated the meanings that people with severe and enduring mental health problems place on their experiences. A life story narrative approach was employed in order to explore the experience of social inclusion and enduring mental health problems. Data were collected by way of unstructured, individual interviews with five users of mental health services living in supported housing in a small rural New Zealand town. Thematic analysis was carried out on the narratives, identifying six major themes. The findings indicated that, for this group of service users, social inclusion means having someone to love, something to do and somewhere to live. They want relationships with family and friends, to engage in recreational or leisure activities, to be employed, to have financial security, and to have safe and comfortable housing. The major barriers to achieving these are stigma and discrimination. New Zealand’s mental health services have adopted a recovery approach to mental health. Whereas social inclusion has a broad political and social focus that places responsibility for reducing social exclusion on society, recovery focuses on individuals’ personal journeys towards mental health and well-being. Despite international recognition of the value of social inclusion, New Zealand’s mental health services have not yet embraced it, although policy advisory organisations such as the Mental Health Commission state its aims as desirable for services. However, the concept of recovery sits within the framework of social inclusion and is an integral part of it. Mental health nurses need to understand what social inclusion means to people who experience it, so that they are able to empower them to make a positive contribution to their community, as citizens, friends, family members, employees and neighbours.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A conservação dos ecossistemas e dos recursos ambientais neles inclusos é uma condição básica e essencial para o desenvolvimento sustentado de uma dada região. A degradação faz com que a possibilidade dele retornar ao seu estado original seja ínfima pois, sua dinâmica de restauração não seria a mesma do que antes foi sua colonização. A recuperação de áreas degradadas é dificultada devido à complexidade estrutural dos ecossistemas, exemplo das restingas ambientes sujeitos as condições bastante adversas (altas temperaturas, períodos de seca, vento constante, alta salinidade e escassez de nutrientes), por isso demandam de alta tecnologia para o desenvolvimento e produção de mudas, além de alto custo associado. O objetivo deste estudo é a criação de uma proposta para uso socioeconômico das áreas degradadas por plantios de cocos, em formações vegetais de restinga, município de Caravelas, e criar um modelo para que essas áreas sejam mais produtivas economicamente, a médio e longo prazo, a partir da geração de trabalho e renda e, conseqüentemente, inclusão social voltada para o uso sustentável de espécies nativas de restinga, através do extrativismo, considerando-se o potencial e a vocação natural do ecossistema de restinga. Nesse contexto, as categorias de análise desta tese basearam-se nos conflitos e vulnerabilidade socioambiental, etnobotânica, fitofisionomias, bens e serviços associados, tecnologia social, desenvolvimento local, gestão costeira, sustentabilidade ambiental e democrática, produtos florestais não madeiráveis e inclusão social. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados neste estudo foram apresentados em cada capítulo desta tese, estando inserido em pesquisas qualitativas (técnicas de observação participante e análise do discurso coletivo) associada aos levantamentos bibliográficos (dados secundários) e as pesquisas quantitativas, por entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados deste estudo subsidiaram a formação de uma rede interativa para implantação de empreendimentos sustentáveis no processo produtivo local, no que se refere à utilização de espécies nativas de restingas com reflorestamento de áreas degradadas por plantios de coco, para fins de geração de trabalho e renda com base no movimento de tecnologia social. / The conservation of ecosystems and environmental resources therein included is a basic and essential to the sustained development of a given region. The degradation causes the possibility of returning to its original state is very small because the dynamics of restoration would not be the same as it was before colonization. The restoration of degraded areas is difficult due to the structural complexity of ecosystems, example the restingas - environments subject very adverse conditions (high temperatures, drought, wind constant, high salinity and lack of nutrients), so demand for high-tech development and seedling production, and high cost associated. This study is the creation of a proposal to use socioeconomic areas degraded by coconut plantations, in restinga vegetation of Caravelas, Bahia, and create a model for these areas are more economically productive, medium and long time from the generation job and income and, consequently, inclusion toward the sustainable use of native species of restinga, through extraction, considering the potential and the natural vocation of the ecosystem. In this context, the categories of analysis of this thesis were based on conflicts and socio-environmental vulnerability, ethnobotany, vegetation types, goods and related services, social technology, local development, coastal management, environmental sustainability and democratic, non-timber forest products and social inclusion. The methodological procedures used in this study were presented in each chapter of this thesis, being inserted in qualitative research (techniques of participant observation and analysis of collective discourse) associated with literature surveys (secondary data) and quantitative research for semi-structured interviews. The results of this study supported the formation of an interactive network for implementation of sustainable developments in the local production process, as regards the use of native species of restingas with reforestation of degraded areas by planting coconut, for purposes of generating job and income based on the movement of social technology.