京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 乙第12941号 / 論地博第19号 / 新制||地||62(附属図書館) / 32151 / (主査)教授 荒木 茂, 准教授 伊谷 樹一, 准教授 大山 修一 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Because of their vital role that private companies play in the global economy, it is important to understand the issues they face and how to overcome them. One issue they face to a greater extent is resource scarcity, such as financing, employees, stakeholders, knowledge, and technology, which causes issues and affects their ability to grow. Overall, this thesis seeks to contribute to the existing body of knowledge in entrepreneurship by providing insights into the factors that drive the success of entrepreneurial firms. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how private firms can survive in a resource-scarce environment by highlighting factors beneficial to their continued growth. To meet the purpose, an inductive approach using semi-structured interviews and a thematic analysis were used in order to come to a conclusion. It is concluded that firms must find effective strategies to allocate their resources to get the most use out of them and embrace innovation and technology, as well as to have close relationships with their stakeholders, as they can be of great help both during easy and hard times.

The purpose of this thesis was to explore stakeholder response to the increase in corporate involvement in college sports. As tough economic times have been steadily realized into a recession, the rise in educational costs and in amount of money required to run athletic programs have placed a tremendous need on athletic departments for money. As a result, a popular trend of outsourcing or selling, marketing rights to third party entities has been a quick way to raise needed revenues. In the selling of these marketing rights, athletic departments have essentially opened the door to allow for an increase in corporation involvement at these athletic events. This paper utilizes Fishbein and Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to discover how the increase in marketing efforts are impacting their stakeholders, or rather season ticket holders. The universities used in this study have within the last three years recently sold their marketing rights and belong to the same network company, ISP Sports. These universities are: Brigham Young University (BYU), Texas Christian University (TCU), and the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV). The first factor studied showed stakeholders of these universities hold negative beliefs about the impact the marketing efforts are having on their purchasing habits. The second factor studied demonstrated a slight negative normative belief towards a social perception of the willingness to support sponsors who support their university. The third factor studied demonstrated a somewhat positive belief towards perceived control over the marketing efforts. As a result, this case study shows a composite negative behavioral intention trend.

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The Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (VDGIF) manages wildlife management areas (WMAs) to provide wildlife habitat and hunting and fishing opportunities, along with opportunities for compatible wildlife-related recreation. Despite having responsibility for managing 39 WMAs, comprising more than 200,000 acres, VDGIF had only anecdotal information about who recreated on Virginia's WMAs, to what extent, and how they felt about management of the WMAs. My goals were to (1) determine the types and amount of recreational use WMAs receive, (2) describe and compare VDGIF managers' and WMA users' current attitudes and perceptions toward land management, and (3) determine if a methods bias existed between surveys administered online and through U.S. mail. I observed diverse recreational use totaling > 90,000 annual recreational user days on the 10 WMAs included in the study. Most visitors were satisfied with their visit, agreed with the use of most land management practices presented, and were willing to continue to visit a WMA if an annual fee was imposed. Co-orientation analysis revealed low agreement and low accuracy, suggesting a need to improve awareness and recognition of managers' and stakeholders' attitudes toward land management. Addressing areas where agreement already exists, but may not be recognized, should be a top priority. Areas of greater disparity will prove difficult to address, but attention is critical to successfully implement WMA management objectives. Wildlife value orientations differed between VDGIF managers and WMA users; VDGIF personnel were predominantly Utilitarian (54%, n=35), whereas WMA users were predominantly Pluralist (63%, n=381). Value orientations did not relate strongly to opinions of land management. Demographics differed between web and paper respondents, with slightly younger, more urban and more educated respondents electing to complete the web-based survey more often. Value orientations toward wildlife and attitudes toward land management did not differ between web and paper respondents, suggesting little influence of values and attitudes on the survey mode selected. Increasingly diverse stakeholders and limited funding sources continue to challenge state wildlife agencies. Specific engagement techniques should strengthen interpersonal relationships and collaboration between the agency and its stakeholders. / Ph. D.

Bakgrund: Hållbarhet har blivit alltmer centralt i samhället under de senaste decennierna, och detta har getts uttryck för bland annat i att intressenter ställer allt högre krav på företag och organisationer. Med anledning av detta har dessa företag och organisationer behövt anpassa hur de arbetar med hållbarhet och hur de hanterar förhållanden med sina intressenter efter dessa förändrade omständigheter. Ovanstående resonemang väcker frågan hur företag kan balansera dessa hållbarhetsaspekter med ambitionen att uppnå lönsamhet, och om fokus på hållbarhet och intressenter påverkar lönsamheten, och i så fall hur. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur graden av integration av hållbarhet samt intressenter i styrsystemen påverkar den ekonomiska lönsamheten. Metod: Studien genomfördes med en kvantitativ metod och en deduktiv ansats. Data samlades in genom en innehållsanalys där innehåll i årsredovisningar från 2019 för 75 olika företag på Stockholmsbörsen kodades och kvantifierades. Dessa ställdes mot lönsamhetsnyckeltal från 2020 och 2021 i en regressionsanalys. Slutsats: Studiens resultat indikerar att högre grad av integration av både hållbarhet och intressenter har en positiv påverkan på lönsamheten, men resultaten är inte tillräckligt tydliga för att kunna fastställa dessa samband. / Background: Sustainability has become increasingly important to society in recent decades, and this has been reflected in the increasing demands of stakeholders on companies and organizations. Because of this the above-mentioned companies and organizations have had to adapt how they work with sustainability and how they manage relationships with their stakeholders to changing circumstances. The above reasoning raises the question of how to balance these sustainability aspects with the ambition of achieving profitability, and whether the focus on sustainability and stakeholders affects profitability, and if so, how. Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate how the degree of integration of sustainability and stakeholders in management control systems affects economic profitability. Methodology: The study used a quantitative method and a deductive approach. Data was collected through a content analysis where content in annual reports from 2019 for 75 companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange was coded and quantified. These were compared with profitability ratios from 2020 and 2021 in a regression analysis. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that higher levels of integration of both sustainability and stakeholders have a positive impact on profitability, but the results are not clear enough to confirm these relationships.

The purpose of this study was twofold: to examine (1) how shared decision making was operating in a large urban high school, especially in the administrative areas of personnel, finance, staff development and curriculum and instruction and (2) why shared decision making was operating in the manner it was. A descriptive case study was conducted of the school’s organizational and administrative processes to determine staff involvement in decision making. Four central office department heads, two assistant principals, four department chairpersons, six teachers, four Faculty Council members, and four parent members of the Planning Council were interviewed to determine perceptions of shared decision making at the subject school. Data gathered from the different stakeholders were transcribed from tape recordings and entered into participant-by-involvement matrices. School documents were reviewed, and data retrieved were entered into documents used as sources of data matrix. The participant-by-involvement matrices and documents used as sources of data matrix were then stacked comparing involvement of stakeholders in the administrative areas of personnel, finance, staff development, and curriculum and instruction. Data emerged from these stacked matrices which provided the findings from which conclusions were drawn. The data indicated that there was no model for shared decision making in operation within the school system or at the school level. Disjointed activities and responsibilities in the guise of shared decision making were parcelled out by the division superintendent to the schools to be implemented. Opportunities for stakeholder participation were better organized and managed in the areas of staff development and curriculum and instruction. However, the same was not true in personnel and finance, as activities were isolated and disjointed; and stakeholder involvement was selective rather than inclusive. The reason shared decision making activities were better organized and managed in the areas of staff development and curriculum and instruction was the superintendent mandated stakeholder participation in the two areas and the building principal extended the mandate to the school. While there was no mandate to include stakeholders in personnel and financial decisions, the building principal attempted to include selected stakeholders in isolated activities. / Ed. D.

The Federal Government spends $40 billion dollars a year maintaining its facility portfolio. As a result of the size of investment and current economic conditions, the government and other institutional owners are facing increased pressure to optimize their investment in their portfolios. Green design offers a way for owners to accomplish this. Part of the definition used by the General Services Administration (GSA) for sustainable or green design is minimizing the total life-cycle ownership cost of a facility. Many tools, such as BUILDER or IMPACT, are available to aid institutional owners in this task; however, most do not take into account non-rational behavior since they apply a strict rational logic. In order to develop tools that take non-rational behavior into account, a framework needs to be developed for identifying which actors are worth studying or modeling. This research seeks to fill this gap by developing a framework that can be applied to public sector institutional owners. The framework is based on prior work done in the fields of stakeholder theory and engineering management, and it uses research methodologies from the social sciences as its building blocks. / Master of Science

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine the extent to which boaters and riverfront landowners on the Great Egg Harbor River are similar or different in perceptions of environmental and social conditions and preferences for management; and (2) to explore factors that contribute to riverfront landowners' and visitors' opinions about possible management decisions for the river. The Great Egg Harbor River represents a complex challenge, with designation as a unit of the Wild and Scenic River system, overseen by the National Park Service, but ownership by twelve municipalities and hundreds of private landowners. Understanding similarities and differences between stakeholders is especially important in such a setting. Data were collected by on-site contact forms for boaters and a 12-page mailback questionnaire for both boaters and riverfront landowners. The final sample size for the mail survey was 428, representing an overall response rate of 44%. Boaters and landowners reported similar evaluations of general crowding and conflict, but landowners were significantly more sensitive to conflicts between boaters and landowners than were boaters. In terms of environmental issues, boaters were significantly more disposed to pro-environmental attitudes than were landowners. Landowners evaluated recreational developments more negatively than did boaters. With respect to management preferences, boaters and landowners did not significantly differ in their evaluation of increased law enforcement and actions that would restrict development and recreational use. On average, both groups supported these types of management actions. However, boaters and landowners significantly differed in their evaluation of management actions that provide additional river access. Although both groups generally opposed additional access, landowners were more opposed to these actions than were boaters. In addition, boaters were more supportive of visitor services than were landowners. Although classification as boater or landowner contributed to preferences for some management actions (increased law enforcement and additional river access), other variables were better predictors of these preferences. Pro-environmental attitudes contributed to preferences for increased law enforcement, restrictions on development and recreational use, and visitor services. Attitudes about development also influenced preferences for increased law enforcement and restrictions, but contributed to preferences for additional river access as well. Other explanatory variables included perceptions of general conflict and activity preference (motorized or non-motorized). These variables contributed to preferences for increased law enforcement and restrictions on development and recreational use. Results from this study indicate that managers need to better understand the correlates of management support in order to meet a more diverse set of visitor needs. Understanding the contribution of a variety of variables in management preferences will likely help resource managers better understand stakeholder groups and how they will respond to proposed management actions. Managers can use such information to better communicate river management goals, thus fostering more widespread constituency support for proposed actions. / Master of Science