The thesis deals with the assessment of the investment project of the construction and operation of biogas plant Kralovická zemědělská, a.s. The emphasis is placed on the evaluation of the investment project by calculating the net present value and on the assessment of an optimal option for drawing subsidy for electricity generation.

Thesis (MPA.) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / Refer to document

工業補貼為政府資金運作，使工業產品生產、銷售，具外部規模經濟效果 ，而使生產者受益，稱之。本文旨在研究工業補貼一題，在當前產業結構 下，其有效保護的政策基礎立論點，並就其國外法規，加以分析，兼介紹 現今我國工業補貼實行現況，最後，做工業補貼政策之檢視。本文寫作時 點於GATT始完成烏拉圭回合談判(1994/12/15)後數月，因國人對工業補貼 政策不熟悉，使政府許多政策的推廣不利，又加入GATT後，工業補貼政策 使用的可行性，較之關稅等其他工具為大，故做工業補貼問題與GATT相關 規定之研究，使業者與民眾，對入關後該部分之衝擊及未來的可能影響， 有全面性的了解。

Background In 2010, the Swedish government introduced a system of subsidies for occupational health (OH) service interventions, as a part in a general policy promoting early return to work. The aim of this study was to analyse the implementation of these subsidies, regarding how they were used and perceived. Methods The study was carried out using a mixed-methods approach, and comprises material from six sub-studies: a register study of the use of the subsidies, one survey to OH service providers, one survey to employers, one document analysis of the documentation from interventions, interviews with stakeholders, and case interviews with actors involved in coordinated interventions. Results The subsidized services were generally perceived as positive but were modestly used. The most extensive subsidy – for coordinated interventions – was rarely used. Employers and OH service providers reported few or no effects on services and contracts. OH service providers explained the modest use in terms of already having less bureaucratic routines in place, where applying for subsidies would involve additional costs. Information about the subsidies was primarily communicated to OH service providers, while employers were not informed. Conclusions The study highlights the complexity of promoting interventions through financial incentives, since their implementation requires that they are perceived by the stakeholders involved as purposeful, manageable and cost-effective. There are inherent political challenges in influencing stakeholders who act on a free market, in that the impact of policies may be limited, unless they are enforced by law. / <p>Funding Agencies|Swedish Social Insurance Agency||Ministry of Health and Social Affairs||</p>

Venture capital finances high-risk, high-return projects. In addition to financing, venture capitalists provide advice and expertise in management, commercialization, and development that enhance the value, success, and marketability of projects. Venture capitalists also have skills in selecting projects with potentially high returns. The first chapter investigates the contracting relationship between venture capitalists and entrepreneurs in a setting where the venture capitalist and entrepreneur contribute intangible assets (advice and effort) to a project that are non-contractible and non-verifiable. In general, in the private market equilibrium, advice provided by the venture capitalist and the number of projects funded are lower than the social optimum. Government tax and investment policies may alleviate these market failures. The impact of a capital gains tax, a tax on entrepreneur’s revenue, an investment subsidy to venture capitalists, and government run project enhancing programs are evaluated. Finally, we analyze the effects of a government venture capital firm competing with private venture capital. The second chapter focuses on competition in venture capital markets. We model a three-stage game of fund raising, investment in innovative projects and input of advice and effort, where fund raising is used as an entry deterrence mechanism. We examine the impacts of taxes and subsidies on venture capital market structure. We find that a tax on venture capitalist revenue and a tax on entrepreneur revenue increase the likelihood of entry deterrence and reduce the number of projects funded in equilibrium. A subsidy on investment reduces the likelihood of entry deterrence and increases the number of projects funded. The third chapter examines the venture capitalist's choice of investment in project selection skills and investment in managerial advice. We model, separately, a private venture capitalist and a labour-sponsored venture capitalist (LSVCC) with different objectives. A LSVCC is a special type of venture capitalist fund that is sponsored by a labour union. The private venture capitalist maximizes its expected profits, while the LSVCC maximizes a weighted function of expected profits and returns to labour. Consistent with empirical evidence, the quality of projects, determined by project selection skills and managerial advice, is higher for the private venture capitalist.

Venture capital finances high-risk, high-return projects. In addition to financing, venture capitalists provide advice and expertise in management, commercialization, and development that enhance the value, success, and marketability of projects. Venture capitalists also have skills in selecting projects with potentially high returns. The first chapter investigates the contracting relationship between venture capitalists and entrepreneurs in a setting where the venture capitalist and entrepreneur contribute intangible assets (advice and effort) to a project that are non-contractible and non-verifiable. In general, in the private market equilibrium, advice provided by the venture capitalist and the number of projects funded are lower than the social optimum. Government tax and investment policies may alleviate these market failures. The impact of a capital gains tax, a tax on entrepreneur’s revenue, an investment subsidy to venture capitalists, and government run project enhancing programs are evaluated. Finally, we analyze the effects of a government venture capital firm competing with private venture capital. The second chapter focuses on competition in venture capital markets. We model a three-stage game of fund raising, investment in innovative projects and input of advice and effort, where fund raising is used as an entry deterrence mechanism. We examine the impacts of taxes and subsidies on venture capital market structure. We find that a tax on venture capitalist revenue and a tax on entrepreneur revenue increase the likelihood of entry deterrence and reduce the number of projects funded in equilibrium. A subsidy on investment reduces the likelihood of entry deterrence and increases the number of projects funded. The third chapter examines the venture capitalist's choice of investment in project selection skills and investment in managerial advice. We model, separately, a private venture capitalist and a labour-sponsored venture capitalist (LSVCC) with different objectives. A LSVCC is a special type of venture capitalist fund that is sponsored by a labour union. The private venture capitalist maximizes its expected profits, while the LSVCC maximizes a weighted function of expected profits and returns to labour. Consistent with empirical evidence, the quality of projects, determined by project selection skills and managerial advice, is higher for the private venture capitalist.

This Paper analyzes the factors influencing the labor force participation of low-income adults on public housing assistance. A quasi-experiment is designed to fulfill the purpose of measuring the magnitudes of certain attributes of given individuals, e.g. the age in influencing employment status while controlling other factors such as other personal attributes and living environments. A number of logistic regressions are performed to assist the empirical analysis. Two final models are presented while statistical results are diagnosed to ensure the reliability of findings. Based on the unique data provided by AHA (the Atlanta Housing Authority), over 70 variables are analyzed to determine their significance on influencing individuals¡¯ future employment status. Finally, we find five the most significant predictors to be the individual¡¯s current employment status, age, and income, whether one resides in a mixed-income community in comparison to living in a housing project, and whether one uses housing vouchers in comparison to living in a housing project. The individual¡¯s immediate living environment is found to play an extremely important role in shaping his/her future employment status. The results demonstrate that living in the mixed-income community as opposed to living in conventional public housing projects can boost one¡¯s odds of being employed in the future by 170% while using housing vouchers as opposed to living in traditional public housing can increase one¡¯s odds of being employed by 90%. Both statistics are significant even at the 0.001 level. Hence, our findings strongly support the view that environment matters and distressed public housing projects should be revitalized, which has been a controversial topic over years. This study introduces an innovative index system-that consists of the Family Development Index (FDI), the Neighborhood Development Index (NDI), and the Quality of Life Index (QLI)-developed by Dr. Boston to show the development of low-income adults¡¯ socio-economic status and living environments induced by the revitalization of public housing projects in Atlanta over the period of 1995-2001. Based on this innovative index system, this paper tentatively proposes a reasonable approach to separate the self-selective effect from the environmental effect in influencing the labor force participation, which has long been reckoned as a complex task in social science research. We create the Self-distinguishing Index (SDI) based on a similar mechanism by which Dr. Boston created the FDI and NDI and combine it with the FDI to generate the Self-selective Index (SSI). We also modify the NDI to serve our purpose of measuring the environmental changes at the personal level. By this method, we successfully detach the self-selective effect from the environmental effect in determining the individual¡¯s future employment status. Those two effects are found to be significant at the 0.001 level and the 0.01 level respectively. A side-finding that individuals belonging to the treatment group have significantly better odds of being employed in the future is shown as well.

Under the impact of globalization, the concept of local governance arose, which altered the traditional, centralized government structure. Along with the development of economy, transportation, industries and urban areas, the life circles of local residents enlarged gradually. To increase governing efficiency, greater autonomic powers of city and county governments together with cross region cooperation have been considered. In fact, the merger and upgrade of a number of counties and cities to become 5 special municipalities will be effective on December 25, 2010. As a whole, in addition to greater autonomic power, these new municipalities are entitled to more financial independence as well. For a long time, the insufficiency of financial independence has been the core of local financial problem, which in turn, was due to inadequate self-owned resources. The appropriateness of the allocation of financial resources to the 5 new municipalities is the most concerned issue for now. The revision of The Law of Subdivision of Financial Income and Expenditure will directly affect the allocation of local financial resources and, in other words, financial independence. Since the last revision of The Law of Subdivision of Financial Income and Expenditure in 2010, though the allocated tax revenue has increased in Kaohsiung City and County, general subsidies, on the other hand, has decreased, and new financial burdens are getting even more. As the analysis of this study, the proportion of self-owned financial resources of merged Kaohsiung City and County in the 2011 fiscal year does not exceed the proportion in fiscal year 2010 before the merger. It is verifiable that the enactment of the revised Law of Subdivision of Financial Income and Expenditure did not significantly increase the merged Greater Kaohsiung with its self-owned financial resources and is helpless in bringing up its financial capability. As a result, the merged Greater Kaohsiung should be endeavored to develop its own financial resources, so as to solve the problem of insufficient fund. Aiming at the ways to develop self-owned financial resources and to bring up financial capability for the merged Greater Kaohsiung, a number of strategies are advised by this study, for instance, to levy taxes for carbon emission, to get subsidies and grants through special projects, to share 50% sales taxes with central government, to recalculate allocated tax revenue in accordance with the production of polluting industries¡Ketc.. Furthermore, based on the partnership of central and local financial cooperation, this study would like to present several suggestions for the central government to help resolve local financial problems, for instance, to establish local financial reconstruction foundation, to elevate tax burden ratio, to reinforce financial dicepline¡Ketc.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-114).

Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1983.