El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / A risk can be described as a situation that can negatively affect the development of an activity and the people involved that. In this sense, risk management is used to achieve a reduction or elimination of risk. The objective of the investigation was to determine factors that caused the low value of crop yield in a Peruvian banana supply chain. The research applied House of Risk (HOR) model to determine risk event and associated causes. As a result, strategies were proposed to mitigate the occurrence of risks in the company.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial. / This research analyzes the current studies of supplier relationship management (SRM), based on a literature review to contrast and compare the evolution of SRM in agribusiness-oriented supply chain management (SCM). The result obtained in this research shows the agribusiness and its relationship with its suppliers. It also strives to identify potential models for a strong SRM. An SRM model is proposed to visualize the components that make up the management of suppliers in the agribusiness supply chain (SC).

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Coffee is one of the most important cash crops in Peru, a significant source of employment and income, and a great demander of inputs, goods, and services. We synthesized and analyzed the findings to propose improvements and foster the long-term growth of small- and medium-sized cooperatives. Our improvement proposal is based on the supply chain models implemented in the industry. The research also relied on information sources from researchers with experience in the assessment and analysis of the perishable food supply chain in different scenarios worldwide.

Purpose: Agri-food firms face many challenges when assessing and managing their performance. The purpose of this research is to determine important factors for an integrated agri-food supply chain performance measurement system. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses the Peruvian kiwicha supply chain as a meaningful context to examine critical factors affecting agri-food supply chain performance. The research uses interpretative structural modelling (ISM) with fuzzy MICMAC methods to suggest a hierarchical performance measurement model. Findings: The resulting kiwicha supply chain performance management model provides insights for managers and academic theory regarding managing competing priorities within the agri-food supply chain. Originality/value: The model developed in this research has been validated by cooperative kiwicha associations based in Puno, Peru, and further refined by experts. Moreover, the results obtained through ISM and fuzzy MICMAC methods could help decision-makers from any agri-food supply chain focus on achieving high operational performance by integrating key performance measurement factors.

The fashion industry is one of the most challenging sectors for sustainable development, comprising numerous social and environmental challenges. The industry is based on a complex network of global and fragmented supply chains leading to a lack of transparency. Therefore, transparency and supply chain traceability are core priorities in order to increase the fashion supply chain visibility and enable accountability. A potential solution to this issue is the application of new technologies. Blockchain is an emerging technology that has a potential to address the current issues and make supply chain processes more transparent.The combination of the emerging blockchain technology with the concept of transparency in fashion supply chains constitutes the novelty of the research and the contribution to the current body of knowledge. The environmental and social challenges regarding transparency in fashion supply chains are analysed using the theories for Green Supply Chain Management and supply chain power structures. The study relies on interviews with blockchain professionals and industry experts in supply chains and sustainable fashion.The study finds that blockchain has the potential to become the single source of truth for the fashion supply chain and provide transparency across the supply chain. However, this advancement of transparency can only occur in a less complex fashion supply chain with a balanced power structure and more collaboration than the current standard.

Today, it is important to understand how logistic systems can become more efficient and effective through increased digitalization and information sharing, as the exponential development in technological advancements during the recent decade has opened up new opportunities for digitalization of businesses. Blockchain is considered to be one of the most disruptive technologies of modern times. (Dinh & Thai, 2018) Information generation and information sharing are important for integration of partners in a supply chain, and for the logistics in a supply chain to function efficiently. To understand how blockchain can impact information sharing through supply chains and logistics, the purpose is to explore the potential of blockchain in supply chain logistics. The thesis focuses on explaining blockchain to make it approachable and easy to understand. The thesis is divided into two parts, the technological part, with comparisons to other digital technologies in order to pinpoint how blockchain relates to other technologies, and the information sharing part of the supply chain. With that foundation, the analyses look into the contributions blockchain can provide, how it compares to traditional IT-systems for information sharing and what to consider before and during an implementation of a blockchain protocol in a supply chain.   To categorize information sharing, important aspects were chosen from literature and validated through a survey sent to supply chain managers from companies operating at different parts of supply chains and different industries. In order to evaluate the actual potential of blockchain, interviews with four highly experienced blockchain experts were conducted. The research resulted in the conclusion of how important it is to conduct an investigation of what blockchain is intended for, and what value it adds to all parties involved, before starting the technical implementation. Furthermore, this research concluded that the possibility to use blockchain both independently and in combination with other technologies in a chain to provide fully automated processes of disseminating and storing information provides a greater potential for further use. Through the characteristics the technology possesses, such as, consensus, traceability (provenance), immutability, finality, decentralisation and persistency, blockchain can have a big impact on information handling in many industries. Companies should however consider whether a blockchain solution is necessary, since its complicated, demands involvement from multiple parties and comes at a substantial cost. A supply chain aims to maximise added value, which correlates well with the opportunity blockchain presents of eliminating the need for unnecessary intermediaries, streamlining the information flow, while simultaneously building trust.

Cette recherche se situe à l'interface de la gestion des opérations durables, de la gestion de la technologie et de la finance. Plus précisément, dans mes recherches, j'essaie d'examiner les mesures incitatives des entreprises pour adopter des mesures d'amélioration technologique qui conduisent à une utilisation plus efficiente des intrants et affectent ainsi la structure des coûts, l'exposition aux risques et la performance environnementale des entreprises. Ainsi, je cherche à identifier les facteurs qui affectent --- et les mécanismes par lesquels ils le font --- la décision d'une entreprise d'investir dans TI: forces dans une chaîne d'approvisionnement, incertitude des prix sur les marchés des intrants, contraintes de trésorerie, couverture financière mécanismes, la concurrence de l'industrie et la stratégie de prix compétitive de l'entreprise. En collaborant avec des professeurs dans les domaines de la recherche opérationnelle, de l'économie et de la finance, j'ai adopté une approche multidisciplinaire pour étudier l'adoption de technologies efficaces et durables.En particulier, dans mon premier chapitre, «L'amélioration des technologies dans les chaînes d'approvisionnement sous pouvoir de négociation asymétrique», j'examine comment le pouvoir de négociation asymétrique --- entre les acheteurs et les fournisseurs --- affecte le niveau optimal d'investissement dans l'amélioration technologique. Dans mon deuxième chapitre, «Gestion des risques liés aux prix des intrants: amélioration de la technologie et couverture financière», j'explore le mécanisme qui guide l'intérêt d'une entreprise pour TI en raison de l'incertitude accrue sur les prix des intrants. Enfin, dans le troisième chapitre, «La valeur de la gestion des risques financiers dans l'investissement dynamique de capacité et l'amélioration technologique», j'étudie le rôle de la contrainte budgétaire et de la couverture financière sur le choix de la technologie. / This research is in the interface of sustainable operations management, technology management, and finance. Specifically, in my research I strive to examine firm's incentives to adopt `technology improvement' (TI) measures that lead to the more efficient use of inputs in operations and thereby affect the cost structure, risk exposure, and environmental performance of firms. Thus I seek to identify the factors that affect---and the mechanisms by which they do so---a firm's decision to invest in TI: forces within a supply chain, price uncertainty in the markets for inputs, cash constraints, financial hedging mechanisms, industry competition, and the firm's competitive pricing strategy. By collaborating with professors in the fields of operations research, economics, and finance, I have embraced a multidisciplinary approach to studying the adoption of efficient and sustainable technologies.In particular, in my first chapter, ``Technology Improvement Contracting in Supply Chains under Asymmetric Bargaining Power'' I examine how asymmetric bargaining power---between buyers and suppliers---affects the optimal level of investment in technology improvement. In my second chapter, ``Input-price Risk Management: Technology Improvement and Financial Hedging'', I explore the mechanism driving a firm's interest in TI under increased uncertainty about input prices. Finally, in the third chapter, ``The Value of Financial Risk Management in Dynamic Capacity Investment and Technology Improvement'', I study the role of budget constraint and financial hedging on the choice of technology.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka CSCM och om etablerade SCM koncept och metoder från tillverkningsindustrin kan användas inom CSCM. För att besvara syftet har frågeställningarna “hur skiljer sig förutsättningarna för SCM och CSCM?”, “är SCM koncept och metoder överförbara från tillverkningsindustrin till byggnadsindustrin?”, “vilka SCM koncept och metoder verkar inte lämpliga för CSCM?” och “vilka koncept och metoder från traditionell SCM framstår som användbara för CSCM?”. Den teoretiska referensramen består av ett urval vedertagna SCM koncept och metoder som har sitt ursprung i tillverkande industri och teori om CSCM. Teorierna har använts för att analysera empirin som är av kvalitativ karaktär för att uttömmande presentera sex respondenters verkliga bild av CSCM och användning av SCM koncept och metoder.    Studien kommer fram till slutsatsen att SCM koncept och metoder från tillverkande industri kan användas inom byggnadsindustrin, men att det krävs modifikationer för att bättre passa byggindustrins unika karaktär. Ett koncept och som inte rakt av lämpar sig för CSCM är JIT eftersom byggarbetsplatser inte är anpassade för att ta emot stora antal leveranser som ofta är konsekvensen av JIT. Men om JIT anpassas till CSCM genom användning av samlastningsterminaler för att minska antalet transporter visar det sig vara en omtyckt metod av respondenterna. Analysen visar även att det sker en omställning inom CSCM där användning av IT blir allt vanligare, men är fortfarande inte helt etablerad. Utifrån analyser verkar det finnas ett behov av mer utvecklade samarbeten inom CSCM där direkt leverantörsutveckling inte var vanligt enligt respondenterna. Detta tycks bero på byggindustrins tidsbegränsade och decentraliserade projektkaraktär som inte låter samarbeten utmynna i något större. Respondenterna upplever en hög supply risk inom sin CSCM och använder bland annat terminaler för att minska denna. Outsourcing av logistik till en tredje part är ett koncept som används inom CSCM för att öka effektivitet genom möjliggörande av fokus på kärnkompetenser. / This study aims to investigate CSCM and whether established SCM concepts and methods from the manufacturing industry can be used in CSCM. To answer the purpose, we asked the research questions "how do the conditions for SCM and CSCM differ?", "are SCM concepts and methods transferable from the manufacturing industry to the construction industry?", "which SCM concepts and methods do not seem suitable for CSCM?" and "which concepts and methods from traditional SCM appear to be useful for CSCM?". The theoretical framework consists of a selection of well-known SCM concepts and methods originating from the manufacturing industry and CSCM theory. The theories have been used to analyze the empirical data, which is qualitative in nature, in order to comprehensively present six interviewees' real picture of CSCM and the use of SCM concepts and methods.   The study concludes that SCM concepts and methods from the manufacturing industry can be used in the construction industry, but that modifications are required to better suit the unique nature of the construction industry. One concept that is not directly suitable for CSCM is JIT, because construction sites are not adapted to receive large numbers of deliveries as JIT often implies. However, adapting JIT to CSCM through the use of co-loading terminals to reduce the number of transports proves to be a popular approach by the interviewees. The analysis also shows that there is a transition in CSCM where the use of IT is becoming more common but is still not fully established. Based on the analysis, there seems to be a need for more developed collaborations in CSCM where direct supplier development was not common according to the interviewees. This seems to be due to the time-limited and decentralized project nature of the construction industry, which does not allow collaborations to lead to anything major. The interviewees perceive a high supply risk in CSCM. Terminals, among other things, are used to reduce the supply risk. Outsourcing of logistics to a third party is a concept used in CSCM to increase efficiency by enabling a focus on core competencies.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第20874号 / 経博第569号 / 新制||経||284(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 原 良憲, 准教授 菊谷 達弥, 准教授 秋田 祐哉 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DFAM

<div>Food Banks play an important role in assuaging hunger and improving food security in many nations worldwide. These organizations provide food and services to people in need. Food banks rely on food and cash donations that occur infrequently, to meet their objectives. In a highly uncertain environment such as this, balancing the supply and demand of food is challenging considering the limited availability of resources and the complex system. This research addresses these challenges and presents and analyses several statistical and mathematical models to facilitate the distribution of food to the food insecure in a sustainable and effective manner. The objective of this research is to develop data-driven models and analytical techniques and developing decision support frameworks to assist the food bank administrators in understanding the dynamics of supply and demand of food donations and improve the prediction accuracies of the food supply and demand behavior at various levels of planning to ensure equitable and efficient distribution of food to the food insecure. </div><div> </div><div>First, a systematic review was conducted to research the evolving literature in the field of food bank logistics. Perusal of the literature shows that research in the field of food bank logistics is in evolving phase and issues pertaining to fairness, sustainability, cost reduction, food quality and nutrition, data uncertainty, and food waste study have not been reviewed extensively. Second, for understanding the food supply behavior, a novel hybrid model combining ARIMA and neural network autoregressive (NNAR) model was proposed for univariate analysis and the work was extended to conduct a multi-variate numerical analysis implementing machine learning algorithms with Random Forests (RF) best capturing the complex structure of the data. Thirdly, to understand the dynamics of the food demand behavior, a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) clustering method is implemented to identify the possible causes of food insecurity in a given region by means of understanding the characteristics and structure of the food assistance network in a particular region, and the clustering result is further utilized to explore the patterns of uncertain food demand behavior and its significant importance in inventory management and redistribution of surplus food thereby developing a two-stage hybrid food demand estimation model with the proposed method significantly improving the prediction accuracies. </div><div> </div><div>Finally, the results of the analytical methods implemented and developed to study the supply and demand of the food donations is extracted and used to develop a conceptual framework for designing a decision support system to apply visual analytics to a food bank’s decision-making process. </div>