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Learning ecosystem complexity : A study on small-scale fishers’ ecological knowledge generationGaravito-Bermúdez, Diana January 2016 (has links)
Small-scale fisheries are learning contexts of importance for generating, transferring, and updating ecological knowledge of natural environments through everyday work practices. The rich knowledge fishers have of local ecosystems is the result of the intimate relationship fishing communities have had with their natural environments across generations (see e.g. Urquhart and Acott 2013). This relationship develops strong emotional bonds to the physical and social place. For fishing communities and fishers – who depend directly on local ecosystems to maintain their livelihoods – fishing environments are natural places for living, working and defining themselves. Previous research on fishers’ ecological knowledge has mainly been descriptive, i.e., has focused on aspects such as reproduction, nutrition and spatial-temporal distribution and population dynamics, from a traditional view of knowledge that only recognises scientific knowledge as the true knowledge. By doing this, fishers’ ecological knowledge has been investigated separately from the learning contexts in which it is generated, ignoring the influence of social, cultural and historical aspects that characterise fishing communities, and the complex relationships between fishers and the natural environments they live and work in. This thesis investigates ecological knowledge among small-scale fishers living and working in the ecosystems of Lake Vättern and the Blekinge Archipelago (Baltic Sea) in Sweden and explores how ecological knowledge is generated with particular regard to the influences of work and nature on fishers’ knowledge of ecosystems. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the knowledge and understanding of informal learning processes of ecosystem complexity among small-scale fishers. This knowledge further contributes to the research field of ecological knowledge and sustainable use and management of natural resources. It addresses the particular research questions of what ecological knowledge fishers generate, and how its generation is influenced by their fishing work practices and relationships to nature. The thesis consists of three articles. Article I focuses on the need to address the significant lack of theoretical and methodological frameworks for the investigation of the cognitive aspects involved in the generation of ecological knowledge. Article II deals with the need to develop theoretical, methodological and empirical frameworks that avoid romanticising and idealising users’ ecological knowledge in local (LEK), indigenous (IEK) and traditional (TEK) ecological knowledge research, by rethinking it as being generated through work practices. Article III addresses the lack of studies that explicitly explore theories linking complex relations and knowledge that humans form within and of ecosystems. It also addressed the lack of attention from environmental education researchers to theory and empirical studies of ‘sense of place’ research, with a particular focus on environmental learning. Research into the question of what ecological knowledge fishers generate shows differences in their ways of knowing ecosystem complexity. These differences are explained in terms of the influences of the species being fished, and the sociocultural contexts distinguishing fishers’ connection to the fishing profession (i.e., familial tradition or entrepreneurship) (Article I), but also by the fishing strategies used (Article II). Results answering the research question of how work practices influence fishers’ knowledge of ecosystem complexity show a way of rethinking their ecological knowledge as generated in a continuous process of work (Article II), thus, far from romantic views of knowledge. Results answering the research question of how fishers’ relationships to nature influence their knowledge of ecosystem complexity demonstrate the complex interconnections between psychological processes such as identity construction, proximity maintenance and attachment to natural environments (Article III). Finally, more similarities than differences between fishers’ knowledge were found, despite the variation in cases chosen, with regards to landscape, target species, regulations systems and management strategies, fishing environments scales, as well as cultural and social contexts. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript.</p><p> </p> / Ecological knowledge and sustainable resource management: The role of knowledge acquisition in enhancing the adaptive capacity of co-management arrangements
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A Guide for citizen engagement when working with SDGs in municipal contextRüdén, Annie, Banihani, Batool, Jukhadar, Rana January 2019 (has links)
It is a growing belief that transitioning towards sustainable cities requires a wide citizen engagement, yet many local governments are not able to define how citizen engagement should be done. This research was conducted to assess municipalities’ effort in engaging citizens when working for sustainability. This study focuses on creating a strategic guide for municipalities to use when engaging citizens to work with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A systemic analysis approach was selected to examine the SDGs through the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development, followed by a Value Stream Analysis for the SDGs. Then a mapping method used, where each SDG was linked to a level of citizen engagement on Arnstein’s ladder for citizen engagement (1969). A group interview for practitioners was held in Karlskrona Municipality in Sweden for an evaluation purpose. The results revealed a risk of misalignment for some SDGs, a relational matrix map was created where each SDG was related to a level of Arnstein’s ladder in a graphic visual, which can be used by the municipality as guide to choose the level of engagement for each SDG. A set of insights were revealed concerning the enablers and barriers for citizen engagement in municipal context.
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A natureza sistêmica das capacidades dinâmicas: uma abordagem evolutiva à estratégia organizacional / The systemic nature of dynamic capabilities: an evolutionary approach to organizational strategyDonaires, Omar Sacilotto 18 September 2018 (has links)
A teoria sobre as capacidades dinâmicas acolhe influências de várias teorias que a antecederam no campo da economia, da teoria das organizações e da estratégia. Em função dessas influências variadas, seu construto central, a capacidade dinâmica, tornou-se complexo e multifacetado. Vários autores especulam acerca da natureza e da evolução das capacidades dinâmicas. A percepção que se tem a partir das definições fornecidas pelos autores seminais é de que a natureza das capacidades dinâmicas é sistêmica e evolutiva. Em particular, é perceptível a afinidade do conceito de capacidades dinâmicas com duas abordagens sistêmicas específicas: o modelo do sistema viável (viable system model, VSM) e a metodologia sistêmica soft (soft systems methodology, SSM). Entretanto, apesar dessa aparente afinidade das capacidades dinâmicas com a visão sistêmica, estudos que relacionem os dois domínios da literatura são muito raros. Praticamente inexistem trabalhos que apliquem o VSM ou a SSM no estudo ou na administração de capacidades dinâmicas. O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar a natureza e a evolução das capacidades dinâmicas sob uma perspectiva sistêmico-evolutiva. Como descrever a natureza das capacidades dinâmicas segundo uma perspectiva sistêmico-evolutiva? Como operacionalizar uma abordagem de administração evolutiva de capacidades dinâmicas através de metodologias sistêmicas como o VSM e a SSM? Essas são as perguntas que orientam este estudo. Através de revisão narrativa de literatura, a visão de capacidades dinâmicas e as teorias que a influenciaram foram analisadas e relacionadas com a visão sistêmica. Além disso, na falta de artigos que relacionassem os dois domínios da literatura, empreendeu-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura com artigos que tratam sobre a construção, desenvolvimento, evolução, obtenção, manutenção, mobilização e gerenciamento de capacidades dinâmicas. Esses artigos foram submetidos à análise categorial, uma variante da análise de conteúdo, para verificar a ocorrência de temas relacionados ao VSM e à SSM. Como resultado da revisão narrativa, demonstrou-se que a visão de capacidades dinâmicas está intimamente relacionada com a visão sistêmica, inclusive com o VSM e a SSM. Essa relação é uma herança da relação que as teorias que influenciaram a visão de capacidades dinâmicas já possuíam com a visão sistêmica. A revisão integrativa de literatura com análise de conteúdo permitiu concluir que (1) as capacidades dinâmicas têm, de fato, uma natureza evolutiva, (2) a intervenção da administração tem um papel importante na construção e na evolução de capacidades dinâmicas, e (3) essa intervenção pode ocorrer de duas maneiras básicas, que se chamou de evolução por projeto e evolução por aprendizagem, que se relacionou, respectivamente, às abordagens do VSM e da SSM. As descobertas da pesquisa foram sintetizadas em um modelo sistêmico evolutivo de organização que possui múltiplas vistas: um modelo hierárquico de administração de recursos e capacidades, um modelo recursivo de competências, um modelo recursivo de capacidades, um modelo de evolução de capacidades e um modelo de administração evolutiva baseado no VSM e na SSM. A pesquisa oferece uma contribuição teórica, no que diz respeito à compreensão da natureza sistêmica das capacidades dinâmicas. A pesquisa também oferece uma contribuição prática, ao propor a administração evolutiva, operacionalizada através do VSM e da SSM, como uma abordagem para o gerenciamento das capacidades dinâmicas. / The theory of dynamic capabilities gathers influences from several theories that preceded it in the fields of economics, organizational theory and strategy. Due to these varied influences, its core construct, the dynamic capability, ended up to become complex and multifaceted. Several authors speculate about the nature and the evolution of dynamic capabilities. The perception that we have from the definitions provided by the seminal authors is that the nature of dynamic capabilities is systemic and evolutionary. In particular, it is noticeable the affinity of the dynamic capability concept with two specific systems approaches: the viable system model (VSM) and the soft systems methodology (SSM). However, despite this seemingly affinity of dynamic capabilities with systems approach, studies that relate both realms of the literature are very scarce. There are practically no studies that apply the VSM or SSM in the study or the management of dynamic capabilities. The goal of the present research is to investigate the nature and the evolution of dynamic capabilities under a systemic-evolutionary approach. How to conceive the nature of dynamic capabilities according to a systemic-evolutionary perspective? How to operationalize an evolutionary management approach to dynamic capabilities by using systems methodologies such as the VSM and SSM? These are the questions that drive this research. By means of a narrative literature review, the dynamic capabilities view and the theories that influenced it were analyzed and related with systems thinking. In addition, given the lack of articles that relate both realms of the literature, an integrative literature review was undertaken with articles that address the construction, development, evolution, attainment, maintenance, deployment and management of dynamic capabilities. These articles were submitted to categorical analysis, a variation of content analysis, to verify the occurrence of themes related to the VSM and SSM. As a result of the narrative literature review, we showed that the dynamic capabilities view is closely related to the systems thinking, including to the VSM and SSM. This relation in an inheritance of the relation that the theories that influenced the dynamic capabilities view already had with systems thinking. The integrative literature review with content analysis led to the conclusion that (1) the dynamic capabilities do have an evolutionary nature, (2) the intervention of management has an important role in building and evolving dynamic capabilities, and (3) this intervention can take two basic approaches, that we named evolution by design and evolution by learning, which we respectively related to the approaches of the VSM and SSM. The findings of the research were synthesized in a evolutionary system model of the organization that has several multiple views: a hierarchical model for resources management, a recursive model of competences, a recursive model of capabilities, a capabilities evolution model and a model for evolutionary management based on the VSM and SSM. The research provides a theoretical contribution, which regards the understanding of the systemic nature of dynamic capabilities. The research also provides a practical contribution, as it proposes evolutionary management, operationalized by applying the VSM and SSM, as an approach to the management of the dynamic capabilities.
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Integração do pensamento sistêmico em projetos Seis Sigma. / Integrating systems thinking into six sigma projects.Jansen, Leila Keiko Canegusuco 04 May 2009 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de desenvolver e propor um modelo para integrar o Pensamento Sistêmico a partir da Dinâmica de Sistemas Qualitativa nas etapas Definir e Medir do DMAIC em projetos Seis Sigma que apresentem complexidade dinâmica. Esse modelo foi denominado DUMAIC, pois propõe a introdução da fase Understand Entender, nas etapas do DMAIC. Para o alcance desse objetivo, a metodologia de pesquisa escolhida foi a Pesquisa Ação. A aplicação do modelo deu-se em uma empresa de grande porte, uma empresa de médio porte e em um hospital. O trabalho desenvolveu-se baseado em entrevistas e reuniões com os participantes das equipes Seis Sigma para a explicitação dos modelos mentais a respeito dos problemas e posterior construção em grupo dos modelos dinâmicos qualitativos dos projetos. O resultado mais significativo obtido foi comum a todos os projetos: a descoberta de modo compartilhado pelos integrantes das equipes, ao longo da construção dos modelos qualitativos, de relacionamentos não óbvios entre variáveis causais, responsáveis pela dinâmica nos sistemas. Desse resultado, outros foram gerados, entre eles: a identificação de variáveis comuns a dois projetos Seis Sigma que seriam tratadas separadamente de modo não sistêmico; a descoberta de que as fronteiras entre departamentos dificultavam a análise de um problema, onde causa e efeito estavam distantes no tempo e espaço; a percepção de que o arquétipo Shifting the Burden ou Transferência de Responsabilidade dita muitas vezes o comportamento das equipes e que, quando descoberto, é possível sair em busca da solução fundamental. / The purpose of this paper is to develop and propose a model to integrate Systems Thinking through Qualitative System Dynamics, in the Define and Measure phases of the DMAIC process, in Six Sigma projects, which present dynamic complexity. Such model has been called DUMAIC as it proposes the introduction of the Understand phase in the DMAIC process. In order to reach this objective, the chosen research methodology was Action Research. The model was applied to a large-size company, a medium-size company and a hospital. The work developed was based on interviews and meetings with Six Sigma team members for elicitation of mental models on the problems and later construction, in groups, of the qualitative dynamic models of the projects. The most significant result obtained was common to all the projects: the finding, in a shared way by the members of the teams, while building the qualitative models, of non-obvious relationships between causal variables responsible for the dynamics in the systems. From this result others were generated, among them: identification of variables common to two Six Sigma projects which would be addressed separately in a non-systemic way; the finding that the borderlines between departments would make it difficult to analyze a problem, where cause and effect are distant in time and space; the perception that the \"Shifting the Burden\" archetype very often commands the behaviors of the teams, and that when it is found, it is possible to go in search of the fundamental solution.
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An investigation into enabling industrial machine tools as traceable measurement systemsVerma, Mayank January 2016 (has links)
On-machine inspection (OMI) via on-machine probing (OMP) is a technology that has the potential to provide a step change in the manufacturing of high precision products. Bringing product inspection closer to the machining process is very attractive proposition for many manufacturers who demand ever better quality, process control and efficiency from their manufacturing systems. However, there is a shortness of understanding, experience, and knowledge with regards to efficiently implementing OMI on industrially-based multi-axis machine tools. Coupled with the risks associated to this disruptive technology, these are major obstacles preventing OMI from being confidently adopted in many high precision manufacturing environments. The research pursued in this thesis investigates the concept of enabling high precision machine tools as measurement devices and focuses upon the question of: “How can traceable on-machine inspection be enabled and sustained in an industrial environment?” As highlighted by the literature and state-of-the-art review, much research and development focuses on the technology surrounding particular aspects of machine tool metrology and measurement whether this is theory, hardware, software, or simulation. Little research has been performed in terms of confirming the viability of industrial OMI and the systematic and holistic application of existing and new technology to enable optimal intervention. This EngD research has contributed towards the use of industrial machine tools as traceable measurement systems. Through the test cases performed, the novel concepts proposed, and solutions tested, a series of fundamental questions have been addressed. Thus, providing new knowledge and use to future researchers, engineers, consultants and manufacturing professionals.
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Utilização do pensamento sistêmico e planejamento por cenários em setores produtivos: uma aplicação no setor de vestuário na região do Alto UruguaiSerrano, Rosiane 27 May 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-05-27 / Nenhuma / Em setores complexos como o de vestuário, no qual a competitividade está atrelada à diferenciação dos produtos, realizar estudos setoriais que possibilitem identificar e prospectar tendências é essencial para o desenvolvimento de estratégias que auxiliem no posicionamento competitivo do setor. Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo aplicar a abordagem sistêmica com o intuito de buscar melhorias alavancadoras do desempenho de um setor. O método de pesquisa abordado foi o Design Science Research, que se caracteriza por ser um processo que usa o conhecimento para projetar artefatos que serão utilizados e submetidos à análise para verificar sua eficácia. Nessas condições, foram aplicados o Pensamento Sistêmico e o Planejamento por Cenários no Setor de Vestuário, especificamente na região norte do Rio Grande do Sul, denominada Alto Uruguai. Inicialmente, conceituou-se a problemática envolvida neste estudo, construiu-se o referencial teórico, abordando-se os principais tópicos para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, sendo que, posteriormente, foram propostos esboços de pesquisa e, na sequência, realizou-se a aplicação. Ao final, foi feita uma avaliação, buscando evidências sobre o método aplicado e sua efetividade, bem como para atender a um dos objetivos específicos. Como resultados, a pesquisa apresenta um Modelo de Governança visando à sinergia dos diversos atores do setor, um Plano de Ação desenvolvido para a efetividade das ações de alavancagem do segmento, além de um banco de dados inicial do mesmo, contendo as variáveis importantes para o seu contexto. Por fim, evidencia-se, através das entrevistas e da aprendizagem relatada, que o método aplicado permite o entendimento das variáveis que circundam o setor, sendo aplicável para estudos setoriais. / In complex sectors as the clothing sector, which competitiveness is linked to product’s differentiation, it’s essential realize sectorial studies that allows identify and prospect trends to develop strategies that helps in the sector competitive position. In this context, this research has as main objective apply the systemic approach in order to improve the sector performance. The research method used was the Design Science Research, which is characterized by being a process which uses the knowledge to project artifacts that will be used and analyzed to prove its efficacy. Under this conditions, it was applied the System Thinking and the Scenario Planning in the clothing sector, specifically in the north region of Rio Grande do Sul, named Alto Uruguai. Initially, the situation involved in this study was conceptualized, the theoretical referential was described approaching the main topics to the research development. After the method was applied and evaluated, searching for evidences about the method and its effectiveness in order to understand one of the specific objectives. As results the research presents a Governance Model viewing the actor’s sector synergy, an Action Plan developed to ensure the actions’ effectiveness, besides an initial data base containing important variables to the context. Finally, it’s possible to evidence, through interviews and the learning that the applied method allows the variables understanding, being usable to sectorial studies.
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Proposição de um método para desenvolvimento de sistema de apoio à decisão baseado em modelos de simulação computaciona na indústria de mineraçãoCamargo, Luis Felipe Riehs 31 May 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-05-31 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As decisões são essenciais para a manutenção e o crescimento da firma em ambiente incerto e competitivo. As decisões são, igualmente, importantes e difíceis de serem tomadas devido à incerteza dos seus potencias resultados. Identificou-se uma carência, na literatura de modelagem e simulação, de métodos para suportar decisões que envolvem as operações e que integrem o sistemas de produção e de manufatura e apresentem o desempenho do sistema de modo antecipado, em termos da qualidade do produto e produtividade do sistema. Esta tese apresenta um método para a construção de um sistema de apoio à decisão, baseado no pensamento sistêmico e em simulação computacional. O método possibilita avaliar de forma dinâmica, estocástica, circular e sistêmica o impacto das decisões da cadeia produtiva na área de mineração frente ao fenômeno da degradação e da variabilidade da qualidade da matériaprima. A aplicação do método em um caso real mostrou-se factível. Além disso, ilustrou-se situações em que o modelo de simulação foi utilizado para suportar decisões. A pesquisa demonstra, ainda, através de um modelo computacional, o efeito da degradação da qualidade da matéria-prima no desempenho do sistema produtivo. / Decisions are essential for the maintenance and growth of the firm in competitive and uncertain environment. Decisions are also important and difficult to be taken due to the uncertainty of their future potential results. This dissertation tries to fill a gap in the literature of modeling and simulation methods to support operations decisions and setting operating policies in the operations. There are few approaches at the specialized OR/MS literature that integrate the production system and the manufacturing system and provide system performance in terms of quality the product and productivity of the system. This dissertation presents a method for the construction of a decision support system, based on systems thinking (soft OR) and computer simulation (hard OR). The method allows evaluating dynamically, stochastic and systemic the impact of the decisions of the supply chain in the mining area and deal with the phenomenon of degradation and variability in the quality of the raw material. The application of the method on a real case demonstrated to be feasible. The dissertation also illustrated situations in which the simulation model was used to support decisions at Samarco Company. The study further demonstrates, with the computational model developed, the effect of the degradation of the quality of raw material in the overall system performance.
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Fatores críticos de sucesso do sistema de gestão da manutenção da Empresa de Trens Urbanos de Porto Alegre - Trensurb: uma análise a partir do pensamento sistêmicoLima, Diego Damasio de 21 January 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-01-21 / Nenhuma / A atividade de manutenção, seja de equipamentos ou de instalações, é uma função rotineira na maioria das grandes empresas. Entretanto, com o crescimento da automação e da mecanização, aspectos como a confiabilidade e a disponibilidade tornaram-se pontos–chave em termos de competitividade. Isso se dá pelo fato da eventual paralisação das operações ter um impacto nos custos, na qualidade e na confiabilidade dos produtos e serviços. Além de que, o advento da cobrança cada vez maior por qualidade na execução dos serviços, em geral, e do transporte público, em particular. Da mesma forma, essa busca por competitividade precede uma busca incessante por melhores índices de eficiência, seja na empresa pública ou na privada. Este estudo, em particular, tem como objetivo propor um modelo de identificação dos Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) do sistema de gestão da manutenção da empresa de Trens Urbanos de Porto Alegre S.A. (Trensurb), a fim de reduzir o impacto da atuação da atividade de manutenção no desempenho do negócio da empresa. Ainda na esfera dos objetivos, essa pesquisa construí a estrutura Sistêmica que reflete o modelo do sistema de Gestão da Manutenção da Trensurb, possibilitando a compreensão de que forma as variáveis envolvidas nesse contexto se interelacionam a partir do Pensamento Sistêmico. Ainda construir arquétipos que reflitam a realidade do modus operandi do sistema de gestão da manutenção da Trensurb. E por fim, analisa a estrutura construída de modo a identificar os FCS - Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) do sistema de gestão da manutenção por meio do Pensamento Sistêmico. Identificamos como por meio do Pensamento Sistêmico (PS) que esse modelo serve como uma alternativa aos modelos usuais de análise da gestão da manutenção. Com a utilização de métodos qualitativos, levanta-se uma série de relações entre as inúmeras variáveis existentes na atuação do sistema de gestão da manutenção. Como resultados foi possível identificar que a área de atuação da equipe de manutenção terceirizada, o modelo de mix de contratação da manutenção própria x terceirizada, a disponibilidade Operacional, e o MKBF - Mean Kilometer Between Failures, correspondem aos Fatores Críticos de Sucesso do sistema de gestão da manutenção da Trensurb. Além disso, foi possível a contrução da tríade da sustentabilidade da manutenção. Sendo conduzido seguindo os preceitos de um Estudo de Caso, a pesquisa evolui no campo de estudo dos fatores críticos de sucesso, não se limitando a apresentar somente uma abordagem pontual, mas evolui através proposição de uma metodologia de levantamento dos Fatores Críticos De Sucesso com o uso do Pensamento Sistêmico. / The maintenance activity is equipment and facilities, is a routine function in most large companies. However, with the growth of automation and mechanization, aspects such as reliability and availability have become key points in terms of competitiveness. This is partly because of the possible shutdown of operations have an impact on costs, the quality and reliability of products and services. Apart from that, the advent of increasingly charging for quality in the execution of services in general and public transport in particular. Similarly, this search for competitiveness precedes a constant search for better levels of efficiency, whether in public or private company. This study, in particular, aims to propose an identification model of the Critical Success Factors (CSF) of the company's maintenance management system Urban Train of Porto Alegre SA (Trensurb) in order to reduce the impact of the performance of maintenance activity on the company's business performance. Even in the sphere of goals, this research built the systemic structure that reflects the model management system Maintenance of Trensurb, allowing us to understand how the variables involved in this context interrelate from Systems Thinking. Still build archetypes that reflect the reality of the modus operandi of the maintenance management of Trensurb system. Finally, it analyzes the structure constructed to identify the FCS - Critical Success Factors (CSF) maintenance management system through Systems Thinking. As identified through the Systems Thinking (PS) that this model serves as an alternative to the usual models of analysis of maintenance management. With the use of qualitative methods, raises a series of relationships between the numerous variables in the performance of maintenance management system. As a result it was possible to identify the area of operation of outsourced maintenance staff, the hiring mix model's own x outsourced maintenance, operational availability, and MKBF - Mean Kilometer Between Failures, correspond to system Success Factors Critical maintenance management of Trensurb. Furthermore, the construction of sustainable maintenance Triad was possible. Being conducted following the precepts of a case study, the research progresses on the critical success factors field of study, not limited to display only a specific approach, but evolves through proposal of a survey methodology for Critical Success Factors with use of Systems Thinking
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Study of business model innovation : developing new frameworks of business models for the futureChandrasekara, C. H. M. Kasun Priyanka January 2015 (has links)
The literature review on emerging concepts of 'Business model' and 'Business model innovation' finds significant theoretical and practical potential to facilitate the strategising and innovating activities of modern organisations operating in complex and dynamic business environments. However, a further review of extant literature reveals that although a significant knowledge-base has been accumulated focusing on the content and process aspects of the phenomenon, very few of the conducted studies take a practice-based perspective. Therefore, in keeping with the broader research question of current strategising practices, this research investigates the issue from many possible philosophical, theoretical and methodological angles, in turn making several contributions to the theory and practice of business models while also opening up several potential future research avenues. This research consists of four main research stages sequentially covering problem formulation, two theory creation phases and problem solving, thereby meeting the requirements of a practice-based management research through relevance rather than merely rigour, as in conventional scientific research. As a result, it offers several research contributions to both the theory and practice of business models, which can be immediately put into practice by theorists, practitioners and entrepreneurs: a pluralistic business model research classification framework; a dynamic practice-based approach to the construction of business models; a knowledge-based conceptualisation of business models and a dynamic capability matrix for business model practices. Additionally, this research also offers potential future contributions to adjacent research streams such as dynamic capabilities, strategy as practice and research methodology. Overall, by utilising the philosophy of pragmatism, this thesis advances the contemporary discipline of business models towards a practice-based science, crucially and timely bridging the knowledge gap in existing practice-based theories and frameworks business models. It is hopes that this work will gave rise to a new movement of research on business models, positioning itself as a well established applied-oriented management science among the broader disciplines of strategy, innovation and entrepreneurship.
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A natureza sistêmica das capacidades dinâmicas: uma abordagem evolutiva à estratégia organizacional / The systemic nature of dynamic capabilities: an evolutionary approach to organizational strategyOmar Sacilotto Donaires 18 September 2018 (has links)
A teoria sobre as capacidades dinâmicas acolhe influências de várias teorias que a antecederam no campo da economia, da teoria das organizações e da estratégia. Em função dessas influências variadas, seu construto central, a capacidade dinâmica, tornou-se complexo e multifacetado. Vários autores especulam acerca da natureza e da evolução das capacidades dinâmicas. A percepção que se tem a partir das definições fornecidas pelos autores seminais é de que a natureza das capacidades dinâmicas é sistêmica e evolutiva. Em particular, é perceptível a afinidade do conceito de capacidades dinâmicas com duas abordagens sistêmicas específicas: o modelo do sistema viável (viable system model, VSM) e a metodologia sistêmica soft (soft systems methodology, SSM). Entretanto, apesar dessa aparente afinidade das capacidades dinâmicas com a visão sistêmica, estudos que relacionem os dois domínios da literatura são muito raros. Praticamente inexistem trabalhos que apliquem o VSM ou a SSM no estudo ou na administração de capacidades dinâmicas. O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar a natureza e a evolução das capacidades dinâmicas sob uma perspectiva sistêmico-evolutiva. Como descrever a natureza das capacidades dinâmicas segundo uma perspectiva sistêmico-evolutiva? Como operacionalizar uma abordagem de administração evolutiva de capacidades dinâmicas através de metodologias sistêmicas como o VSM e a SSM? Essas são as perguntas que orientam este estudo. Através de revisão narrativa de literatura, a visão de capacidades dinâmicas e as teorias que a influenciaram foram analisadas e relacionadas com a visão sistêmica. Além disso, na falta de artigos que relacionassem os dois domínios da literatura, empreendeu-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura com artigos que tratam sobre a construção, desenvolvimento, evolução, obtenção, manutenção, mobilização e gerenciamento de capacidades dinâmicas. Esses artigos foram submetidos à análise categorial, uma variante da análise de conteúdo, para verificar a ocorrência de temas relacionados ao VSM e à SSM. Como resultado da revisão narrativa, demonstrou-se que a visão de capacidades dinâmicas está intimamente relacionada com a visão sistêmica, inclusive com o VSM e a SSM. Essa relação é uma herança da relação que as teorias que influenciaram a visão de capacidades dinâmicas já possuíam com a visão sistêmica. A revisão integrativa de literatura com análise de conteúdo permitiu concluir que (1) as capacidades dinâmicas têm, de fato, uma natureza evolutiva, (2) a intervenção da administração tem um papel importante na construção e na evolução de capacidades dinâmicas, e (3) essa intervenção pode ocorrer de duas maneiras básicas, que se chamou de evolução por projeto e evolução por aprendizagem, que se relacionou, respectivamente, às abordagens do VSM e da SSM. As descobertas da pesquisa foram sintetizadas em um modelo sistêmico evolutivo de organização que possui múltiplas vistas: um modelo hierárquico de administração de recursos e capacidades, um modelo recursivo de competências, um modelo recursivo de capacidades, um modelo de evolução de capacidades e um modelo de administração evolutiva baseado no VSM e na SSM. A pesquisa oferece uma contribuição teórica, no que diz respeito à compreensão da natureza sistêmica das capacidades dinâmicas. A pesquisa também oferece uma contribuição prática, ao propor a administração evolutiva, operacionalizada através do VSM e da SSM, como uma abordagem para o gerenciamento das capacidades dinâmicas. / The theory of dynamic capabilities gathers influences from several theories that preceded it in the fields of economics, organizational theory and strategy. Due to these varied influences, its core construct, the dynamic capability, ended up to become complex and multifaceted. Several authors speculate about the nature and the evolution of dynamic capabilities. The perception that we have from the definitions provided by the seminal authors is that the nature of dynamic capabilities is systemic and evolutionary. In particular, it is noticeable the affinity of the dynamic capability concept with two specific systems approaches: the viable system model (VSM) and the soft systems methodology (SSM). However, despite this seemingly affinity of dynamic capabilities with systems approach, studies that relate both realms of the literature are very scarce. There are practically no studies that apply the VSM or SSM in the study or the management of dynamic capabilities. The goal of the present research is to investigate the nature and the evolution of dynamic capabilities under a systemic-evolutionary approach. How to conceive the nature of dynamic capabilities according to a systemic-evolutionary perspective? How to operationalize an evolutionary management approach to dynamic capabilities by using systems methodologies such as the VSM and SSM? These are the questions that drive this research. By means of a narrative literature review, the dynamic capabilities view and the theories that influenced it were analyzed and related with systems thinking. In addition, given the lack of articles that relate both realms of the literature, an integrative literature review was undertaken with articles that address the construction, development, evolution, attainment, maintenance, deployment and management of dynamic capabilities. These articles were submitted to categorical analysis, a variation of content analysis, to verify the occurrence of themes related to the VSM and SSM. As a result of the narrative literature review, we showed that the dynamic capabilities view is closely related to the systems thinking, including to the VSM and SSM. This relation in an inheritance of the relation that the theories that influenced the dynamic capabilities view already had with systems thinking. The integrative literature review with content analysis led to the conclusion that (1) the dynamic capabilities do have an evolutionary nature, (2) the intervention of management has an important role in building and evolving dynamic capabilities, and (3) this intervention can take two basic approaches, that we named evolution by design and evolution by learning, which we respectively related to the approaches of the VSM and SSM. The findings of the research were synthesized in a evolutionary system model of the organization that has several multiple views: a hierarchical model for resources management, a recursive model of competences, a recursive model of capabilities, a capabilities evolution model and a model for evolutionary management based on the VSM and SSM. The research provides a theoretical contribution, which regards the understanding of the systemic nature of dynamic capabilities. The research also provides a practical contribution, as it proposes evolutionary management, operationalized by applying the VSM and SSM, as an approach to the management of the dynamic capabilities.
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