Generational cycles of teenage pregnancy trend among many families create economic, social, and health problems on teen parents and their families. Scholarly literature includes quantitative studies addressing the issue of teenage pregnancy but there is not many qualitative studies about the family cycle of teenage pregnancy among a highly-concentrated area of African American females in the Southern region of the United States. The life history theory and the socialization and social control theories of the intergenerational transmission of early childbearing served as the theoretical framework.. A qualitative case study is designed to identify factors that contributed to generational cycles of teenage pregnancy among families in the Southern region of the United States. Data were collected using questionnaires from 3 family triads of teenage mothers. Data were analyzed and display tables were created. The results indicated that participants had a lack of knowledge of proper contraceptive use and experienced peer pressure to engage in sexual behaviors. Teenagers looked at their mothers and sister's pregnancy in a favorable way making their pregnancy acceptable within families. Most participants felt teenagers should wait before becoming pregnant. Participants felt teenage mothers could overcome obstacles associated with teenage pregnancies. Pregnancy prevention programs may benefit from the results of this study through parenting programs to teach mothers, who were pregnant in their teen age, how to communicate with their teenage daughters about their sexual experiences.

ABSTRACT Teenage pregnancy is a health and social problem in Malawi as a result of physical, psychological and socio-economic consequences on the teenage mother, family and the society as a whole. Although studies have been conducted on the prevalence and risk factors that cause teenage pregnancy in Malawi before, detailed reports are scanty, especially for Zomba district. In spite of studies and interventions that have been and are being implemented, the prevalence of unplanned teenage pregnancy in Malawi is still high, suggesting that more efforts are required to achieve effective preventive measures. The aim of this study was to explore risk factors such as cultural issues, non-use of contraceptives, lack of knowledge on sexual and reproductive health, circumstances of first sex, gender power dynamics, sexual and physical violence, age difference between teenage girls and their partners and socio-economic status for unplanned teenage pregnancy in Zomba district of Malawi. A cross-sectional analytic design was used. Five antenatal clinics were selected using a stratified and simple random sampling technique. Data were obtained from 505 participants under the age of 20 years using a questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data and comparisons between planned and unplanned teenage pregnancy were conducted using the Chi-squared (P ≤ 0.05) and logistic regression model to predict factors for unplanned pregnancy. Findings reveal that unplanned pregnancy accounted for 76.4% of teenagers attributable to early sex and marriage, low contraceptive use, educational levels and socio-economic status, lack of knowledge of reproductive and sexual health, physical and sexual violence and substance abuse, transactional sex due to poverty, early school dropout, misleading counselling causing a lack of knowledge on sexual and reproductive health and gender inequalities. Recommendations made are aimed at eliminating myths and misconceptions surrounding the use of contraceptives and condoms, empowering teenagers economically and in decision making, promoting career guidance, awareness on human rights, including sexual and reproductive rights and implications of early marriage and training of traditional counsellors. A multisectoral approach, including government, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and communities, is required to implement these recommendations.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A OrganizaÃÃo Mundial da SaÃde (OMS) define a faixa etÃria da adolescÃncia como sendo entre 10 e 19 anos e o Estatuto da CrianÃa e do Adolescente (ECA) entre 12 e 18 anos. à uma fase da vida em que ocorrem a maturaÃÃo sexual, o acirramento de conflitos familiares e a formaÃÃo e cristalizaÃÃo de atitudes, valores e comportamentos. Lidar com essas situaÃÃes exige das equipes de saÃde uma abordagem integral e interdisciplinar. A polÃtica nacional de saÃde do adolescente, oferece orientaÃÃes bÃsicas para nortear a implantaÃÃo e/ou implementaÃÃo de aÃÃes e serviÃos de saÃde aos adolescentes e jovens de forma integral, resolutiva e participativa. Reconhece como desafio o acesso de adolescentes a serviÃos de qualidade, com a compreensÃo do significado e importÃncia das dimensÃes econÃmica, social e cultural que permeiam a vida desse grupo. O estudo objetivou analisar as prÃticas de enfermeiras na promoÃÃo da saÃde do adolescente, adotadas na EstratÃgia de SaÃde da FamÃlia (ESF), visando à prevenÃÃo da gravidez na adolescÃncia. O mÃtodo utilizado foi descritivo- exploratÃrio, com abordagem qualitativa. Teve como ambiente investigativo oito Centros de SaÃde da FamÃlia (CSF) do MunicÃpio de Fortaleza. A populaÃÃo constou de enfermeiras vinculadas à ESF, cujo grupo pesquisado foi constituÃdo por oito participantes. A tÃcnica utilizada para a coleta de dados foi o grupo focal e, como mÃtodo de anÃlise dos dados, as prÃticas discursivas e produÃÃo de sentido no cotidiano, tendo como recursos os mapas de associaÃÃo de idÃias. Os resultados das discussÃes foram dispostos em colunas temÃticas e em categorias de anÃlise, previamente definidas como: ConcepÃÃo de saÃde; ConcepÃÃo de promoÃÃo da saÃde e AtuaÃÃo/prÃticas na prevenÃÃo da gravidez na adolescÃncia. O estudo aponta como resultado que as enfermeiras concebem a saÃde e a promoÃÃo da saÃde entre o conceito tradicional (prevenÃÃo da doenÃa) e o mais amplo, pautado na promoÃÃo da saÃde; o planejamento das aÃÃes de promoÃÃo da saÃde do adolescente na prevenÃÃo da gravidez na adolescÃncia à feito na maioria das vezes de forma contingÃnte e de cunho campanhista, sem privilegiar o indivÃduo em sua integralidade; fragilidade na organizaÃÃo do sistema de referÃncia e contra-referÃncia; as aÃÃes intersetoriais sÃo incipientes; hà necessidade de ampliar o conhecimento, por parte das enfermeiras, sobre as polÃticas pÃblicas voltadas ao adolescente. As aÃÃes de promoÃÃo da saÃde permeiam a consulta de enfermagem e as atividades em grupo, ressaltando o acolhimento e a Ãtica como dispositivos que contribuem para promover um ambiente favorÃvel à saÃde do adolescente. Recomenda-se que as diretrizes propostas pela polÃtica de saÃde do adolescente sejam fortalecidas, no Ãmbito municipal, de forma que proporcionem à enfermeira condiÃÃes de promover aÃÃes intersetoriais e interdisciplinares de educaÃÃo sexual na perspectiva de prevenÃÃo da gravidez precoce, que integrem famÃlia, escola, e comunidade, contribuindo para o exercÃcio de uma sexualidade mais responsÃvel e segura. / The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the age of adolescence as being between 10 and 19 years and the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA) between 12 and 18 years. It is a stage of life that occur the sexual maturation, the fierce of family conflicts and formation and crystallization of attitudes, values and behaviors. Dealing with such situations requires of health teams an integrated approach, including the prevention of adolescent pregnancy. The national health policy for the adolescent, offers a basic guidelines to guide the implantation and / or implementation of actions and health services to adolescents and young people in integral, participatory and decisive way. Recognizes as a challenge the access of adolescents to quality services, with the understanding of the meaning and importance of economic, social and cultural fields that permeate the lives of this group. The study aimed to examine the practices of nurses in promoting health of adolescents, adopted in the Strategy of Family Health (SFH), aimed the prevention of teenage pregnancy. The method used was descriptive and exploratory, with a qualitative approach and had as investigative environment eight Family Health Centers (CSF) of the city of Fortaleza. The population consisted of nurses linked to the SFH, which the researched group consisted of eight participants. The technique used to collect data was the focus group and as a method of data analysis, the discursive practices and production of meaning in everyday life, having as resources, the maps of association of ideas. The results of the discussions were arranged in columns on topics and categories of analysis, previously defined as: Conception of health, Conception of health promotion and Practice / practices in the prevention of teenage pregnancy. The study points as a result the nurses concepts the health and health promotion between the traditional concept (prevention of the disease) and broader, based on health promotion and the planning of actions to promote the health of adolescents in the prevention of teenage pregnancy has been most often on campaigns, without focusing on the individual on its integrality; weakness in the organization of the reference and cross-reference system, the inter-sector actions are incipient, there is need to expand the knowledge, by the nurses, about public policies focused on the adolescent. The actions of health promotion permeate the nursing consultation and the activities in groups, emphasizing the reception and ethics as devices that help to foster an environment conducive to the health of adolescents. It is recommended that the guidelines proposed by the Health Policy of adolescent be strengthened, in the municipal level, in order to provide the nurse, conditions to promote inter-sector and interdisciplinary actions of sex education in the context of prevention of early pregnancy, which includes the family, school and community, contributing to the pursuit of a safer and more responsible sexuality.

Thesis (Ph.D)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009. / Prepared for: Dept. of Maternal Child Nursing. Title from title-page of electronic thesis. Bibliography: leaves 120-159.

This dissertation is based on an ethnographic study of the lives of six student-parents (four young women and two young men) from Barlow High School in northwest Austin, Texas. The lived experiences of student-parents from a predominately Latina/o high school and my interactions with Barlow High School's student body, staff, educators, administrators, and social workers from an on-campus organization called A-Space illustrate how the discursive construction of teenage pregnancy as a social problem intersects with the schooling process to (re)produce gendered, classed, and racialized notions of belonging in the American body politic. My analysis considers the development of an American cultural concern with teenage pregnancy through a history of reproductive and racial politics, and it examines the work of The National Campaign to Prevent Teenage and Unplanned Pregnancy, which, I argue, is a racializing campaign. An American cultural concern with teenage pregnancy has yielded a discourse of teenage pregnancy prevention that constructs the solution to teenage pregnancy around responsibility rather than access to contraception and information. The lives of Barlow High students and student-parents highlight the complexity of deterritorialized lived experiences, which sometimes include early family formation. While Barlow High School's student body of color learned about belonging in the first decade of the new millennium, educators vacillated between understanding the intersecting hierarchies of power impeding socioeconomic mobility and academic achievement in the community and believing that they did the best they could in the given situation. Educators and social workers, as agents of the state, failed to recognize their role in creating community. In sum, this dissertation documents a borderlanding or the creation of a borderlands in the new millennium. / text

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Thesis (Psy. D.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, 2003. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-79).

Thesis (Psy. D.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, Wheaton, IL, 2003. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-79).

Thesis (Psy. D.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, Wheaton, IL, 2003. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-79).