As Tecnologias da Informação Móveis e Sem Fio (TIMS) têm sido cada vez mais aplicadas aos processos organizacionais. É importante tentar compreender as formas pelas quais as pessoas e organizações constroem um sentido a respeito dessas tecnologias e como elas as integram em seu trabalho diário. Desta forma, aplicando a Teoria da Hospitalidade proposta por Ciborra (1996, 1999, 2002), este trabalho procura verificar como ocorre o processo de adoção dessas tecnologias no contexto organizacional. A Teoria da Hospitalidade se apresenta como uma alternativa a modelos mais tradicionais para estudo da adoção de TIC (Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação), considerando elementos sociais, comportamentais e existenciais envolvidos nesse processo, oferecendo uma visão crítica e dialética a respeito dele. Primeiramente, o trabalho explora a literatura existente sobre a natureza e as implicações das TIMS, especialmente para o contexto organizacional. Na seqüência, são analisados os principais modelos teóricos dedicados à compreensão do processo de adoção de TIC, discutindo-se suas principais contribuições e limitações. Com base nisso, a Teoria da Hospitalidade é estudada como um referencial alternativo aos modelos existentes, explorando-se a sua base teórica (filosófica e metodológica) visando a contribuir para o seu detalhamento e compreensão. Na seqüência, essa teoria é aplicada à análise de um caso prático de utilização de TIMS. Para isso, utilizou-se o método do Estudo de Caso único em um banco privado brasileiro. A aplicação pesquisada foi o uso de um telefone inteligente (aparelho que agrega as funcionalidades de um PDA (Personal Digital Assistant – Assistente Digital Pessoal e telefone celular) para o acesso a sistemas de informações organizacionais por Gerentes de Conta e Supervisores Comerciais para o atendimento a clientes empresariais em campo. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram desafios e dificuldades enfrentadas durante o processo de adoção dessa tecnologia, bem como algumas das principais decorrências (tanto positivas quanto negativas) de sua utilização. Verificou-se que a motivação para adotar a TIMS não se limitou a razões somente econômicas, de redução de custos ou de busca de eficiência, mas também foi fortemente influenciada por questões sociais e teve um foco estratégico, visando ao reforço da imagem da empresa e à melhoria do controle organizacional. O processo de desenvolvimento da solução móvel não seguiu passos lineares e claros, mas ao invés disso foi incremental; os objetivos de uso da nova tecnologia foram sendo descobertos na medida que ela foi aplicada no trabalho do dia-a-dia. Nesse processo, a tecnologia impôs seus padrões, configurações e limitações sobre os usuários, assim como os usuários se engajaram em ações para lidar com isso, procurando descobrir como utilizá-la para os seus próprios propósitos e benefícios. Os usuários interagiram com a tecnologia, avaliando-a e procurando criar sentido em torno dela, à sua própria maneira, uma vez que ela se tratava de um dispositivo de uso pessoal. Emoções e questões existenciais também se fizeram presentes nessa interação e influenciaram a forma pela qual a tecnologia foi aceita. Devido a essa dinâmica e complexa interação houve diferentes níveis de adoção (hospitalidade) e conseqüências inesperadas do uso da tecnologia. A Teoria da Hospitalidade iluminou o estudo da adoção de TIMS na organização pesquisada. Os principais elementos indicados por essa teoria foram encontrados no caso estudado: o processo de adoção de uma nova TIC é um processo incremental e aberto, no qual questões sociais, existenciais e “mundanas” exercem um papel essencial. Com isso, foi possível corroborar as principais proposições da teoria analisada em relação aos demais modelos existentes, bem como identificar algumas de suas limitações. Os resultados apresentados provêm insights sobre o processo de adoção das TIMS que podem ser úteis não só para empresas adotantes, mas também para fornecedores de soluções, assim como para consultores e outros pesquisadores da área de Sistemas de Informação. / The Mobile and Wireless Information Technologies (MWIT) have increasingly been applied to organizational processes. It is important to understand the ways by which both people and organizations make sense of them and integrate these technologies in their daily work. Thus, by applying the Theory of Hospitality proposed by Ciborra (1996, 1999, 2002), this work aims to verify how does the adoption process of these technologies occur in the organizational context. The Theory of Hospitality represents an alternative to traditional models to study ICT (Information and Communication Technology) adoption, considering social, behavioral and existential elements related to this process and offering a critical and dialectical view about it. Firstly, this work explores the literature about the nature and implications of MWIT, especially to the organizational context. After that, main theoretical models about the process of ICT adoption are analyzed, with a discussion about their main contributions and limitations. Based on that, the Theory of Hospitality is studied as an alternative reference to the existing models, through the exploration of its theoretical (philosophical and methodological) basis, attempting to contribute to its depiction and understanding. In the sequence, this theory is applied to the analysis of a case of practical MWIT use. To accomplish this task, a single Case Study method was applied in a private Brazilian bank. The application studied was the use of a smart phone (device which aggregates the functionalities of a PDA - Personal Digital Assistant and a mobile phone) to access organizational information systems by Account Managers and Commercial Supervisors attending corporate clients in field work. The research results show the difficulties and challenges faced during the process of adoption of this technology, as well as some of its main (positive and negative) consequences. It was possible to verify that the motivation to adopt the MWIT has not followed just economic reasons, cost reduction or the search for efficiency, but it was also strongly influenced by social issues with a strategic focus to reinforce the company’s image and to improve organizational control. The process of development of the mobile solution has not followed linear and clear steps, but instead it was an incremental one, the goals of the new technology use were discovered in the extent that the technology was used in everyday work. In this process, the technology has imposed its standards, configurations and limitations over the users as well as the users have engaged in actions to cope with it, trying to find out how to use the technology for their own purposes and benefit. Users have interacted with the technology, evaluated it and attempted to make sense of it in their own way, since it is a personal device. Emotions and existential issues came along in this interaction and have influenced the way technology was accepted. Due to this dynamic and complex interaction there were different levels of adoption (hospitality) and unexpected consequences of technology use. The Theory of hospitality has illuminated the study of MWIT adoption in the organization. The main features of this theory have been found in the case studied: the adoption of a new ICT is an incremental and open process in which social, existential, “mundane” issues play a major role. Considering these results, it was possible to corroborate the main contributions pointed by the analyzed theory, if compared to the others existing models, as well as to identify some of its limitations. The results offer insights about the process of WMIT adoption that can be useful not only to adopting organizations, but also to solution providers, as well as to consultants and other researchers in the Information Systems area.

Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-01T14:13:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Sandra Chacon Dissertação Mestrado.pdf: 7070042 bytes, checksum: 60fe7ecc17946cd79d4d9e6e1cb4fa96 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-01T14:13:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Sandra Chacon Dissertação Mestrado.pdf: 7070042 bytes, checksum: 60fe7ecc17946cd79d4d9e6e1cb4fa96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / O principal problema desta pesquisa - como a interface com o software está interferindo na interface com o hardware no uso de aparelhos celulares - é abordado através de uma metodologia de detalhamento dos diferentes estilos de interação dos aparelhos, seguindo alguns passos, que foram: o estudo da usabilidade de software e hardware, em que se verifica a importância da aplicação prática da ergonomia, o desenvolvimento da tecnologia e como ela influenciou a comunicação através de dispositivos móveis, a intervenção do software na mudança brusca do formato dos aparelhos, interrompendo a tendência de miniaturização dos aparelhos que permaneceu até final da década de noventa, compreensão do contexto de uso dos celulares e interpretação das expectativas geradas nos usuários com relação ao lançamento de cada novo modelo. Esses passos foram decisivos para compreender como a usabilidade de software e hardware se interpõem uma a outra, alterando o tamanho e formato dos aparelhos, percepção, expectativas e a interação com os usuários. / The main problem of this research - how the interface with the software is interfering in the interface with the hardware in the use of mobile phones - is approached through a methodology of detailing of different styles of interaction of the cellphones, following some steps: the study on the usability of software and hardware, where the importance of the practical application of ergonomics is perceived, the development of technology and how it influenced the communication through mobile devices, the intervention of software in the sudden change of the format of the appliances, interrupting the trend of miniaturization of devices that remained until the late 1990s, understanding the context of use of cellphones, interpretation of the expectations generated on users with respect to the release of each new model. These steps were crucial to understand how the usability of software and hardware stand each other , changing the size and shape of the devices , perception, expectations and interaction with users.

O projeto VoIPFix surgiu da necessidade de uma ferramenta que complementasse as demais existentes no ramo de análise de redes de computadores para telefonia IP. Ele foi construído para ser uma ferramenta de gerenciamento eficiente e exclusiva para VoIP, com funcionalidades necessárias para dar suporte ao profissional de rede de computadores e telefonia IP a observar e diagnosticar problemas de VoIP. / The VoIPFix project arose from the need for a tool to complement similar tools in the analysis of computer networks for IP telephony. It was built to be an efficient and unique management tool for VoIP, with advanced features required to support the computer network and IP telephony professionals to observe and diagnose problems related to VoIP.

På några år har användningen av IP-telefoni inom svenska företag tredubblats och vi börjar nu se ett attitydskifte gentemot en teknik som länge dragits med dåligt rykte på grund av kvalitetsbrister. IP-telefoni är ett resultat av att data- och telefonikommunikation vävs samman och att kapaciteten i nätverken ökar. Detta medför att man genom att införa IP-telefoni kan genomföra kostnadsbesparingar och effektivisering. Men tekniken erbjuder även ökad funktionalitet och därmed även mervärde för organisationer som använder IP-telefoni. Inser organisationer detta och utnyttjar man fördelarna med tekniken för att skapa acceptans inom organisationen? Syftet är att undersöka vilka faktorer som motiverar en övergång från kretskopplad telefoni till IP-telefoni, och hur man inom en organisation skapar acceptans för den nya tekniken. Syftet har uppfyllts genom en kvalitativ studie som byggt på semi-standardiserade intervjuer. Studien genomfördes hos fyra svenska organisationer som implementerat en ”ren” IP-telefonilösning med IP-växel och hårdvarutelefoner. Resultatet av studien visar att det är vanligt att utnyttja en större händelse som startskott för implementationen. Detta kan röra sig om en flytt eller en renovering av organisationens lokaler. De främsta orsakerna till att man väljer IP-telefoni har visat sig vara kostnadsbesparingar, effektivisering av nätverksinfrastrukturen samt att man ser tekniken som en investering för framtiden. Det har visat sig att de företag som genomfört en grundlig studie av IP-telefoni som teknik, inledningsvis har identifierat fler fördelar med tekniken. Vidare har studien även visat att organisationer upplever ett initialt motstånd till förändringen från anställda och att detta motstånd ofta uppkommer i anknytning till tekniska problem som uppstår i samband med implementationen. Det är mycket ovanligt att organisationer har en speciell fas för att skapa acceptans för förändringen, vilket troligtvis beror på att man ser användandet som liknande med traditionell PSTN-telefoni och att resurser istället läggs på att lösa tekniska problem. / Over the last few years there has been a threefold increase in the use of IP telephony within Swedish companies. We are now beginning to see a change in attitude towards a technology that thanks to poor Quality of Service has been struggling with a bad reputation. IP telephony is a result of computer and telephone networks being con-verged, and by doing this, costs can be saved and efficiency boosted. But the technology does also offer increased functionality and thereby added value to the organisations using it. But do organisations realize this, and do they exploit the benefits of the technology in order to create acceptance for it within the organisation? The purpose is to examine what the motivating factors are for a transition from PSTN telephony to IP telephony, and also to study how acceptance for the new technology is created within the organisation. The purpose has been fulfilled by conducting a qualitative study based on semi-standardized interviews. The study has been conducted at four Swedish organisations that have implemented a "pure" IP telephony solution including IP gateways and IP telephones. The result of the study shows that it is common to use a "big event" as a starting block for the implementation. This could be a relocation or the restoration of an office building. The main reason for choosing IP telephony is the fact that convergence cuts costs, boosts efficiency, and that organisations see IP telephony as an investment for the future. We have noticed that organisations that conduct a thorough study of IP telephony have identified more functional advantages with the technology. Furthermore, the study has shown that organisations experience initial resistance from users, and that this resistance often arises in connection to technical problems that transpire during the implementation. It is rare for organisations to have special phase for creation of acceptance, which most likely is due to the fact that organisations see the use of IP telephony as similar to the use of traditional PSTN telephony, and that resources instead are being placed on solving technical problems

Cette thèse étudie les typologies des stratégies relationnelles que peuvent entretenir les firmes avec leurs concurrentes dans une industrie de réseau : la téléphonie mobile. Elle se donne aussi pour objet de mettre en évidence les déterminants de ces choix stratégiques ; ainsi que leur implication. Elle vise enfin à effectuer une comparaison des performances des firmes en fonction des choix de stratégies relationnelles. Pour aborder ces préoccupations, nous avons eu recours, d'une part à la méthode d'analyse de contenu structuré, afin d'identifier les mouvements stratégiques des opérateurs mobiles de pays et régions géographiques différents ; d'autre part à deux méthodes (exploratoire et confirmatoire) d'analyse et de traitements des données. A travers cette thèse, nous mettons en évidence trois résultats principaux : Le premier résultat montre que l'agressivité concurrentielle, la coopérativité et la coopétition sont les stratégies relationnelles viables dans le secteur de la téléphonie mobile. Le second résultat majeur montre que des variables sectorielles telles que la concentration industrielle, la maturité sectorielle ou la plus ou moins forte présence à l'international apparaissent comme des facteurs déterminant les comportements stratégiques (agressif, coopératif et coopétitif) des opérateurs mobiles ; de même que plus d'agressivité et plus de coopérativité conduisent à de meilleures performances. En dernier lieu, il est montré dans cette recherche que la performance de la firme varie en fonction de la stratégie adoptée (agressivité, coopérativité ou coopétitivité) par l'opérateur mobile, mais aussi en fonction de son implantation géographique. / This thesis examines the types of relational strategies that firms can adopt with their competitors in a network industry : the mobile phone industry. It also purposes to highlight the determinants of these strategic choices and their implication. Finally, it aims to make a comparison of the performances of firms, according to their relational strategies choises. To address these concerns, we used, on one hand the method of structured content analysis so as to identify the strategic movements of the mobile phone operators of different countries and geographical areas ; on the other hand, we used two methods (exploratory and confirmatory) analysis for data processing. Through this thesis, we highlight three key findings : The first result shows that competitive aggressiveness, cooperativeness and coopetition are the viable relational strategies in the mobile phone industry. The second major result shows that the sectorial variables such as industrial concentration, sectorial maturity ; or more or less international presence appear to be factors determining the strategic behavior (aggressive, cooperative and coopetitive) of the mobile operators ; as well that more aggressiveness and more cooperativeness lead to better performance. Finally, it is shown in this study that the performance of the firm depends on the strategy (aggressive, cooperative, or coopetitive) adopted by the mobile operator, but also on its geographical location.

My master’s thesis is focused on designing and creating communication network, which provides communication between two independent networks through encrypted tunnel. My solution is based on routers formed by older personal computers with FreeBSD like a operating system. Between routers is created static encrypted tunnel by using IPSec protocol. Voice services provides packet oriented exchange Asterisk with support of signaling protocol SIP. This solution can be used eg. for connecting remote branch to headquarters of company and then can branch utilize shrared resources. To headquarters can connect also remote workers from their home. In this case are used SSL certificates to authentication of user. This scenario is very required today.

This diploma thesis is focused on the implementation of the technology VoIP in the remote branch offices of a big company. There are used the current WAN lines, which have been so far used only for transfer of data. Implementation of IP telephony is extending the utilization of those lines and at the same time the costs for running of the telephone services are reduced. There are described the models for proposal and also the proposal for solution of IP telephony for a specific company.

Issue of this diploma thesis is focused on analysis of audio codecs used within IP telephony. Attention of teoretical part is given mostly to audio codecs according to ITU-T recommendations, but also to signaling protocols used here. For practical part of analysis is chosen router Cisco 2821 and IP phones Cisco 7975G. Configuration is done over operating system Cisco IOS. Chosen signaling protocol is SCCP. For analysis itself are chosen 2 analysers – L-580FX and Fluke NetTool. These are used in combination with program Wireshark. Analysed parameters are latency, packet lost, bandwidth, jitter and mean opinion score. Measured values are presented in graphs and tables and they are discussed. Next output of the thesis is laboratory excercise, which deals with analysis of audio codecs.

This master thesis presents, examines, designs, implements, and evaluates with respect to energy efficiency a secure and robust VoIP system. This system utilizes a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) infrastructure assisted by a cloud service, specifically focusing on small to medium sized enterprises (SME) and homes. This research focuses on using inexpensive, flexible, commodity embedded hardware (specifically a Linksys WRT54GL wireless router for the local site with a customized operating system, specifically DD-WRT). The idea is to reduce the local site's power consumption to very low levels by examining which functions can be done in a cloud service rather than at the local site. The thesis presents the design of a low-power IP telephony system for the local site and the cloud site. A number of different usage scenarios and desirable features are described. The methodology for conducting a set of experiments is defined to perform stress-testing and to evaluate the low- power IP telephony system's design. The experiments concern the overall power consumption of the local site under various configurations, the VPN link's call capacity, the QoS metrics for the VoIP calls, the session request delay (SRD) and the registration request delay (RRD). The results from these experiments show that there is a potential for significant power savings when using the proposed design for an IP telephony system. / Detta examensarbete presenterar, undersöker, utformar, implementerar, och försöker att utvärdera ett säkert och robust VoIP-system med energieffektivitet. Detta system använder en Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-infrastruktur med hjälp av en molntjänst med särskild inriktning på, små, och medelstora företag (SME) och hemmanvändare. Denna forskning fokuserar att använda en prisvärt, billig, flexibel, med program inbyggd hårdvara (speciellt en Linksys WRT54GL trådlös router för den lokala platsen med ett anpassat operativsystem DD-WRT). Tanken är att minska energiförbrukningen på, den lokala platsen till mycket låga nivåer genom att undersöka vilka funktioner, som kan köras på, ett molntjnst snarare än på, den lokala platsen. Avhandlingen presenterar utformningen av ett IP-telefonisystem på, den lokala platsen med ett lågt strömbehov och på, molntjänsten. Ett antal olika användningsförhållanden och önskvärda egenskaper är beskrivna. Metodiken för att genomföra en rad experiment definieras för att utföra stresstester och för att utvärdera designen av IP-telefonisystem med ett lågt effektbehov. I försöken experimenteras den totala energiförbrukningen av den lokala platsen under olika konfigurationer, VPN-länkens samtalskapacitet, QoS-mätning för VoIP-samtal, Session Request Delay (SRD) och Registration Request Delay (RRD). Resultaten från dessa experiment visar att det finns en potential för betydande energibesparing när du använder den föreslagna designen för en IP-telefoni system.

A Masters Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Commerce in the faculty of Commerce, Law and Management August, 2016 / Online activity through the Internet and mobile phones has dramatically increased over the last five years in South Africa (Nyirenda-Jere & Tesfaye , 2015). Lower costs for Internet and mobile phones are the main reasons for more and more people being connected (Price Waterhouse Cooper South Africa, 2012). But discrepancies exist, namely between the people who are connected and those who are not. This discrepancy is referred to as the digital divide and contributing factors towards it include income, education, age and other factors which were discussed in this paper (Nievhaves, Gorbacheva & Plattfaut, 2012). Free Wi-Fi is one of the solutions to bridge the digital divide to a certain extent and it is also a very valuable tool to marketers and business owners. This research study was aimed at understanding the impact of free Wi-Fi on consumers’ purchase intentions and likelihood to return in townships in South Africa. People in townships are an important group to analyse, because of the millions of inhabitants. Infrastructure in terms of the Internet is not as good as the infrastructure standards in suburbs or in the city. The purpose of the study was to find out the impact of free Wi-Fi on the likelihood of customers to return and their likelihood to purchase something at a location where free Wi-Fi is offered. For the purpose of this research a quantitative approach was used to investigate the impact of free Wi-Fi and factors leading to return and intention to conduct purchases. Non-probability sampling was used in the form of convenience sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was developed to investigate behaviour. Four hundred questionnaires were distributed to people living in Soweto. The analysis indicated that the four access variables, namely - material, mental, usage and skills access - have an influence on the intention to use free Wi-Fi which, in turn, has an influence on the likelihood to return or purchase something. Implications for marketers and businesses is: the marketers have to consider the digital divide when marketing to consumers in South Africa and that offering free Wi-Fi at a commercial place has positive implications for both customers and businesses. / MT2017