Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:28:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Zaia Bassinello.pdf: 1352943 bytes, checksum: 1854c67d58925b18ca9dc08c3b7a231e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-04 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / Considering the various difficulties about the subject High Ability / Gifted (such as definition, identification / evaluation of individuals, the absence of specific instruments), this research aims to construct a self-report scale aimed to identify characteristics related to the phenomenon. Based on the review of national and international literature, which enabled the raising of those most commonly reported, the characteristics to be focused on the instrument selected. After this step, four studies were performed. The first involved the construction of the instrument, whose initial version was composed of 44 items, involving 22 different categories. The second study sought for evidence of content validity by examining judges (five active students postgraduate in the field of psychological assessment), whose results showed positive evidence for all items created, emphasizing that a review of seven of them was held to suitability. The third study, pilot study aimed to verify the adequacy of the scale items to the target age range. For that 38 children aged 9 and 12 years of age, of both sexes, elementary students were consulted, responding to the instrument and explaining to the researcher what they understood each sentence, even suggesting difficult words or rewording. Finally, we performed an exploratory factor analysis, with 220 participants of 09-12 years old, which indicated the existence of four factors in the scale, indicating a multidimensional instrument for the assessment of the subject in question. In general, it can be seen that the studies achieved the expected results, pointing to content validity and construct validity of the scale, confirming its suitability for the age range for which it was built. / Considerando as diversas dificuldades encontradas a respeito das Altas Habilidades / Superdota??o (tais como defini??o, identifica??o / avalia??o de indiv?duos, aus?ncia de instrumentos espec?ficos), a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo a constru??o de uma escala de autorrelato voltada ? identifica??o de caracter?sticas relacionadas ao fen?meno. Partindo-se da revis?o da literatura nacional e internacional, a qual possibilitou o levantamento daquelas mais comumente relatadas, as caracter?sticas a serem focadas no instrumento foram selecionadas. Ap?s esta etapa, quatro estudos foram realizados. O primeiro envolveu a constru??o do instrumento, cuja vers?o inicial foi composta por 44 itens, envolvendo 22 diferentes categorias. O segundo estudo buscou evid?ncias de validade de conte?do atrav?s da an?lise de ju?zes (cinco estudantes de p?s-gradua??o atuantes na ?rea de avalia??o psicol?gica), cujos resultados apontaram para evid?ncias positivas para todos os itens criados, salientando-se que uma revis?o de sete deles foi realizada para sua adequa??o. O terceiro estudo, estudo piloto, teve como objetivo verificar a adequa??o dos itens da escala ? faixa et?ria alvo. Para isso 38 crian?as de 9 e 12 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, estudantes de ensino fundamental foram consultadas, respondendo ao instrumento e explicando ? pesquisadora, o que entendiam em cada frase, sugerindo ainda palavras dif?ceis ou nova reda??o. Por fim, realizou-se a an?lise fatorial explorat?ria, com 220 participantes de 09 a 12 anos de idade, ? qual apontou para a exist?ncia de quatro fatores presentes na escala, indicando um instrumento multidimensional para avalia??o da tem?tica em quest?o. De um modo geral, pode-se verificar que os estudos alcan?aram os resultados esperados, apontando para validade de conte?do e validade de construto da escala, confirmando sua adequa??o ? faixa et?ria para o qual foi constru?do.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:28:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriela Fabbro Spadari.pdf: 1612570 bytes, checksum: 51764b29ebbf6f2a3e85215793ec10d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / The present study had the objective of creating a scale for the assessment of creativity characteristics in the organizational context, as well as to conduct initial exploration studies of its psychometric qualities. Four studies were performed, with the purpose of building the instrument first, based on an interview with 10 leaders, managers and supervisors in order to get to know the main characteristics of creativity that were valued in the organizational environment. As a result, 18 characteristics or features were selected and each gave rise to two items from the scale, in a way that it was composed of 36 items. The second study sought content validity evidence through content-related judge?s analysis (five graduate students working in the field of psychological assessment), whose responses, analyzed in terms of appropriateness of the item and estimating the percentage of agreement, pointed suitable results in all items, and nine of them had to go through another round of assessment, after modifications. The third study designated as analysis of the scale?s internal structure was carried out through exploratory factorial analysis, based on the responses of 170 participants (121 female). The results pointed the existence of a bifatorial structure, in which the factor 1, composed of 16 items was called "Blockade and Barriers to Creativity" involving items that were related to the opposite of creativity and factor 2, composed of 12 items and entitled "Attributes and Features which Encourage Creativity", including items that are directly related to creativity. Eight items did not present factor loading and were later left out. The fourth study aimed to find validity evidence based on its relationship with external variables. The test Thinking Creatively with Words from Torrance Tests was taken as a criterion, having been answered along with the scale, with a sample composed of 50 participants (31 females), aged between 17 and 61 years (M = 32.96; DP = 11.47). The results show that the Factor 1 displayed significant negative correlations with the Fluency characteristic (r = -0.344, p ? 0.05), Flexibility (r = -0.343, p ? 0.05) and Verbal Creative Index 2 (r = -0.293, p ? 0.05). Factor 2, in turn, showed no significant correlation with any of the Torrance test measures. A second analysis was performed in order to investigate the correlation between each item separately in the Scale for Creative Potential and the Creativity Characteristics evaluated by the Torrance Test. Nine items from the scale showed significant correlations with measures of the verbal creativity test, with four belonging to Factor 1 and five belonging to Factor 2. It is suggested that further studies should be conducted with the instrument, considering other criteria (such as supervisor?s appraisals, in addition to other tools of creativity assessment), as well as those targeting the investigation of the scale?s precision / O presente estudo teve como objetivo a constru??o de uma escala para avalia??o de caracter?sticas de criatividade no contexto organizacional, assim como a condu??o dos primeiros estudos de investiga??o de suas qualidades psicom?tricas. Para isso, quatro estudos foram realizados. O primeiro visou a constru??o do instrumento, baseando-se na entrevista com 10 l?deres, gerentes e supervisores a fim de levantar e conhecer as principais caracter?sticas da criatividade valorizadas no ambiente organizacional. Como resultado, 18 caracter?sticas foram selecionadas e deram origem, cada uma, a dois itens da escala, que maneira que a mesma ficou composta por 36 itens. O segundo estudo buscou evid?ncias de validade de conte?do atrav?s da an?lise de ju?zes (cinco estudantes de p?s-gradua??o atuantes na ?rea de avalia??o psicol?gica), cujas respostas, analisadas em termos de adequa??o do item e estimativa da porcentagem de concord?ncia, apontaram para resultados adequados em todos os itens, sendo que nove deles tiveram que passar por uma nova rodada de avalia??o, ap?s reformula??o. O terceiro estudo, de an?lise da estrutura interna da escala foi realizado a partir de an?lise fatorial explorat?ria, partindo-se das respostas de 170 participantes (121 do sexo feminino). Os resultados apontaram para a exist?ncia de uma estrutura bifatorial, sendo o Fator 1, composto por 16 itens e chamado de Bloqueios e barreiras ? criatividade envolvendo itens que relacionam-se de forma inversa ? criatividade e o Fator 2, composto por 12 itens e intitulado Atributos e caracter?sticas que favorecem a criatividade , englobando itens que encontram-se relacionados diretamente ? criatividade. Oito itens n?o apresentaram carga fatorial e foram exclu?dos. O quarto estudo visou encontrar evid?ncias de validade com base na rela??o com vari?veis externas. O Teste Pensando Criativamente com Palavras de Torrance foi tomado como crit?rio, tendo sido respondido, juntamente com a escala, por uma amostra composta por 50 participantes (31 do sexo feminino), com idades entre 17 e 61 anos (M = 32,96; DP = 11,47). Os resultados mostram que o Fator 1 apresentou correla??es significativas e negativas com a caracter?stica de Flu?ncia (r=-0,344, p?0,05), Flexibilidadade (r=-0,343, p?0,05) e Indice Criativo Verbal 2 (r=-0,293, p?0,05). O Fator 2, por sua vez, n?o apresentou correla??o significativa com nenhuma das medidas do Teste de Torrance. Uma segunda an?lise, a fim de investigar, separadamente, a correla??o entre cada item da Escala de Potencial Criativo Organizacional e as caracter?sticas criativas avaliadas pelo Teste de Torrance foi realizada. Nove itens da escala apresentaram correla??es significativas com as medidas do teste de criatividade verbal, sendo quatro pertencentes ao Fator 1 e cinco pertencentes ao Fator 2. Sugere-se que novos estudos sejam conduzidos com o instrumental, tomando-se outros crit?rios (tais como avalia??es de supervisores, assim como outros instrumentos de avalia??o da criatividade), bem como aqueles que visem a investiga??o da precis?o da escala.

The present dissertation on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) addressed several questions. First, the behavioral symptoms of speaking and mute individuals with ASD were compared on the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), a commonly used diagnostic instrument. In addition, questions about the construction of the ABC were investigated. In Study I it was found that although the two groups did not significantly differ on the total ABC score, the mute group demonstrated significantly more pathology on 21 of 57 items and 3 of 5 subscales. The speaking group obtained significantly higher scores on only 8 items and 1 subscale (Language). The appropriateness of providing greater pathology scores to speaking, rather than mute, individuals with ASD was called into question. In addition, it was speculated that the expressive language items are weighted too heavily, on both the Language subscale and the total score. Second, because the 57 items of the ABC were categorized into 5 subscales on a subjective basis, an empirical investigation of the factor structure of the ABC was performed. In Study II, a 5-factor model that contained 39 of the items accounted for 80% of the total variance in the checklist. No support was found for classifying the 57 items into the existing 5 subscales. Finally, the two most common forms of instruction to teach children with ASD, discrete-trial teaching and incidental teaching, were assessed. In Study III it was ascertained that discrete-trial teaching was more efficient and produced faster acquisition and initially, greater generalization. However, by follow-up, the incidental teaching methods resulted in equal retention, greater generalization, and equal or greater spontaneous usage. The findings indicate that although it takes a longer time for children with autism to learn with incidental teaching procedures, once they have acquired an ability, it may be more permanent.

Thesis (M.S.) -- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Title from title screen (viewed Aug. 14, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-106).

Estudo de desenvolvimento metodológico de elaboração e validação de medidas de avaliação em saúde, que teve como finalidade contribuir com novas políticas de controle e prevenção de infecção hospitalar (CIH). Para tanto, foram construídos e validados três indicadores de avaliação de práticas de controle e prevenção da infecção hospitalar do trato urinário associada a cateter, conforme duas etapas metodológicas. Na primeira, tendo como referência bases conceituais de indicadores clínicos e medidas de avaliação em saúde, foram elaborados os indicadores: 1-Indicação e Permanência do Cateterismo Vesical (IUIC); 2- Condições de Manutenção do Cateterismo Vesical (IUMN) e 3- Infra-Estrutura para Procedimento de Cateterismo Vesical (IUIF). Na segunda etapa estes indicadores foram submetidos à validação de conteúdo, por meio de um método de validação opinativa de um grupo de nove especialistas, constituído de médicos e enfermeiras, com conhecimento e experiência em controle de infecção hospitalar, e representantes das áreas hospitalar, acadêmica, órgão governamental e entidades associativas. A validação foi realizada com o julgamento de cada indicador a partir de um instrumento previamente elaborado, que contemplava as seguintes etapas: I- Conteúdo do construto (manual operacional) do indicador; II- Atributos do conjunto do indicador; III- Componentes do indicador. O indicador 3 foi submetido, ainda, a mais uma etapa, referente à valoração, pelos juízes, de cada um de seus componentes. Foi previamente estabelecido um consenso mínimo de 75% de julgamento favorável dos juízes, de cada uma destas etapas. Em cada etapa solicitava-se também comentários e sugestões para ajuste dos indicadores. Nos resultados, os indicadores 1 e 2 obtiveram consenso favorável mínimo na grande maioria dos aspectos sob avaliação de cada etapa. Nos aspectos que não obtiveram consenso favorável mínimo as sugestões e comentários efetuados pelos juízes tornaram possível o ajuste destes indicadores e sua validação de conteúdo, sem necessidade de retorno aos juízes para novo julgamento. O indicador 3, apesar de ter obtido amplo consenso favorável nas etapas II e III, o mesmo não ocorreu em vários aspectos referentes à etapa I, assim como na valoração de relevância dos seus componente individuais. Além disto, os comentários e sugestões efetuados constataram a problemática deste indicador para avaliar adequadamente o que ele se propunha. Por este motivo, ele não pôde ser validado, na forma de construção originalmente apresentada. / This is a study on the methodological development of elaboration and validation of measures to evaluate health aiming to contribute to new control rules and to prevent nosocomial infection (CIH). Then, three evaluation indicators of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the urinary tract associated to a catheter were built in accordance with two methodological phases. In the first phase, based on the conceptual basis of clinical indicators and evaluation measures in health, the indicators were elaborated: 1 - Indication and Permanence of Vesical Catheterism (IUIC); 2 – Maintenance Conditions of Vesical Catheterism (IUMN) and 3 – Infrastructure for procedures of Vesical Catheterism (IUIF). In the second phase, these indicators were submitted to a content validation by means of a validation method according to one group of nine experts, constitued of physicians and nurses, with knowledge and experience in nosocomial infection and representatives of the hospital, academic and governmental areas and associative institutions. The validation was performed according to judgment of each indicator based on a instrument previously elaborated, consisting of: I- Construct Content (operational guidebook) of the indicator; II- Features of the indicator set; III- Components of the indicator. The indicator 3 was still submitted to one more phase regarding valorization of each component, according to the judges. A minimum consensus of 75% of favorable arbitration from the judges was previously established for each phase. In each phase it was also asked comments and suggestions to adjust indicators. In the results, indicators 1 and 2 obtained a minimum favorable consensus in the great majority of the evaluating aspects for each phase. The aspects which did not obtain the minimum favorable consensus, suggestions and comments made by the judges made possible an adjustment of these indicators and their content validation, with no need of the judges to return for a new arbitration. The indicator 3, in spite of obtaining a comprehensive favorable consensus in the phases II and III, the same did not occur in many aspects of the phase I as well as in the relevance valoration of its individual components. Additionally, the comments and sugestions performed, considered the problematic of this indicator to adequatly evaluate its objective. Therefore, it could not be validated on its original construction.

Experts in traumatology have postulated traumatized children play differently than non-traumatized children. These differences are called posttraumatic play and include the behaviors of intense play, repetitive play, play disruption, avoidant play and negative affect. The purpose of this study is the continued development of the Trauma Play Scale through the addition of a normative sample. The Trauma Play Scale is an observation-based instrument designed to distinguish the play behaviors of children in play therapy with a history of interpersonal trauma when compared to non-traumatized children. The present study compares two samples of children. One group (n=6) currently in play therapy with a history of interpersonal trauma and another group (n=7) considered normally developing (cognitively, emotionally, socially, and physically) by their parents with no known history of interpersonal trauma. Trained raters blind to the trauma history of the children rated a series of eight consecutive video-recorded play therapy sessions for each participant. One-way analysis of variance statistics, including effect sizes were compute to determine the discriminant validity of the Trauma Play Scale. Traumatized children scored significantly higher on the Trauma Play Scale than non-traumatized children on all domains of the scale as well as the overall Average Trauma Play Scale score. Large effect sizes indicated strong relationships between group membership (trauma history versus normally developing) and scores on the Trauma Play Scale.

Undergraduate psychology examinations from 48 schools were analyzed to determine the proportion of items at each level of Bloom's Taxonomy, item format, and test length. Analyses indicated significant relationships between item complexity and test length even when taking format into account. Use of higher items may be related to shorter tests, jeopardizing reliability. (SLD)

Recent political and social changes in South Africa have created the need for culture-fair tests for cross-cultural measurement of cognitive ability. This need has been highlighted by the professional, legal and research communities. For cognitive assessment, dynamic assessment is more equitable because it involves a test-train-retest procedure, which shows what performance levels individuals are able to attain when relevant training is provided. Following Binet’s thinking, dynamic assessment aims to identify those individuals who are likely to benefit from additional training. The theoretical basis for learning potential assessment is Vygotsky’s concept of the zone of proximal development. This thesis describes the development, standardisation and evaluation of the Learning Potential Computerised Adaptive Test (LPCAT), for measuring learning potential in the culturally diverse South African population by means of nonverbal figural items. In accordance with Vygotsky’s view, learning potential is defined as a combination of present performance and the extent to which performance is increased after relevant training. This definition allows for comparison of individuals at different levels of initial performance and with different measures of improvement. Computerised adaptive testing based on item response theory, as used in the LPCAT, is uniquely suitable for increasing both measurement accuracy and testing efficiency of dynamic testing, two aspects that have been identified as problematic. The LPCAT pretest and the post-test are two separate adaptive tests, hence eliminating the role of memory in post-test performance. Several multicultural groups were used for item analysis and test validation. The results support the LPCAT as a culture-fair measure of learning potential in the nonverbal general reasoning domain. For examinees with a wide range of ability levels, LPCAT scores correlate strongly with academic performance. For African examinees, poor proficiency in English (the language of teaching) hampers academic performance. The LPCAT ensures the equitable measurement of learning potential, independent of language proficiency and prior scholastic learning and can be used to help select candidates for further training or developmental opportunities. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Recent political and social changes in South Africa have created the need for culture-fair tests for cross-cultural measurement of cognitive ability. This need has been highlighted by the professional, legal and research communities. For cognitive assessment, dynamic assessment is more equitable because it involves a test-train-retest procedure, which shows what performance levels individuals are able to attain when relevant training is provided. Following Binet’s thinking, dynamic assessment aims to identify those individuals who are likely to benefit from additional training. The theoretical basis for learning potential assessment is Vygotsky’s concept of the zone of proximal development. This thesis describes the development, standardisation and evaluation of the Learning Potential Computerised Adaptive Test (LPCAT), for measuring learning potential in the culturally diverse South African population by means of nonverbal figural items. In accordance with Vygotsky’s view, learning potential is defined as a combination of present performance and the extent to which performance is increased after relevant training. This definition allows for comparison of individuals at different levels of initial performance and with different measures of improvement. Computerised adaptive testing based on item response theory, as used in the LPCAT, is uniquely suitable for increasing both measurement accuracy and testing efficiency of dynamic testing, two aspects that have been identified as problematic. The LPCAT pretest and the post-test are two separate adaptive tests, hence eliminating the role of memory in post-test performance. Several multicultural groups were used for item analysis and test validation. The results support the LPCAT as a culture-fair measure of learning potential in the nonverbal general reasoning domain. For examinees with a wide range of ability levels, LPCAT scores correlate strongly with academic performance. For African examinees, poor proficiency in English (the language of teaching) hampers academic performance. The LPCAT ensures the equitable measurement of learning potential, independent of language proficiency and prior scholastic learning and can be used to help select candidates for further training or developmental opportunities. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Diplomová práce se zabývá komplexním zhodnocením aktuální situace podniku XXX s.r.o. První část práce teoreticky obsahuje jednotlivé analýzy, které jsou využity v analytické části. Analytická část práce zhodnocuje externí, sektorové a interní okolí firmy. Dále stručně analyzuje finanční zdraví podniku. Na základě provedených analýz s přihlédnutím na specifika podniku jsou formulována doporučení a opatření vedoucí ke zlepšení současné pozice na trhu.