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It was my original hope to make the theology of Charles Simeon and his influence within the Church of England the subject of my research. However, inasmuch as "the apostle of the Cambridge Evangelicals" had already been studied by others, I was grateful to the Very Reverend Hugh Watt, D.D., D.Litt., former Principal of the New College, Edinburgh, for his suggestion to study, instead, Dr. John Edwards. Edwards was a distinguished, but now forgotten, predecessor of Simeon at Holy Trinity Church. My interest, therefore, has been divided between the theological and historical aspects of seventeenth century religion, and their continuing or recurring influence upon the eighteenth century awakening. This accounts for the space devoted to the period of Edwards's life and that which followed, and to the survey of the works of his "successors" both prominent and obscure, in Calvinistic thought. The thesis has been limited to the subject; yet, to examine the background and the later significance of his ideas seemed a vital part of the task. It will be observed that, for the sake of a more readable text, quotations from Edwards's works have been edited as regards spelling and punctuation. The sense of the passages, however, has been carefully maintained. A number of titles, moreover, received abbreviation in the Bibliography and footnotes. The aim, then, has been to discover and delineate the doctrines of the man in the light of his predecessors, contemporaries, and those who followed in his train. Little did the writer hope for as much significance as has been found; but the material has made the outline of the chapters. The thesis has grown from the reading of, and about, this voluminous writer of Cambridge, and the problem has been to limit the number of pages. Edwards brought introduction to several brilliant minds of the two centuries in which he lived. I thank him for this noble introduction to them and have sought to enter with sympathy into the experiences of their humbler contemporary in thinking and preaching.

Decolonizing Revelation: A Spatial Reading of the Blues demonstrates that the cultural phenomenon of the blues is an indigenous way of knowing that offsets the hidden logic of racialized dominance within modern Christian understandings of revelation. In distinction from the Christian, Religious, and racialized understandings of the blues, this dissertation focuses on the space in which the blues emerges, the Delta Region of the United States. By attending to space, this dissertation shows how critical consideration of geography and region can reveal nuances that are often veiled behind racialized and theologized ways of understanding the people of the Delta Region. Reading the blues in space discloses the ways in which the blues dislocates the confines of interpreters that label it a racialized phenomenon on one hand, and “the devil's music” on the other. By wresting the blues from colonialist and racist logics, this dissertation contends that the space that produces the blues can be recovered as a viable resource for reimagining a theology of revelation. / McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts; / Theology / PhD; / Dissertation;

Thesis advisor: David Hollenbach / Subsidiarity is a principle in Catholic social thought that informs the distribution of authority among levels of the political and social order. First expressly articulated by Pope Pius XI in his 1931 encyclical letter Quadragesimo Anno, the roots of the concept go back further to Pope Leo XIII and to Thomistic social theory. But subsidiarity is frequently subject to the criticism that it is vague and indeterminate and thereby an ineffective guide to politics and public policy. Much of the discussion of subsidiarity proceeds as though the principle were merely one of devolution of authority to the local level. Moreover, the principle is often taken to be a procedural norm, counseling "small is better" regardless of the underlying substantive question to which one is applying the principle of subsidiarity. The thesis of this dissertation is that it is only through an adequate examination of concrete policy issues that subsidiarity's import can be fully measured and appreciated and only by asking what the common good requires in particular instances through the exercise of political prudence that the proper distribution of authority can be determined. The account of subsidiarity advanced in the dissertation is one of "functional pluralism," denoting that subsidiarity focuses upon the multiple ends of differentiated political societies and thereby seeks to determine the goods they pursue and the means that are properly adapted to those ends. The dissertation argues that federalism and localism as informed by the principle of subsidiarity provide a safeguard for fundamental concerns of Catholic social thought, such as human rights and the common good. After examining the concepts of subsidiarity in Catholic social thought and federalism in American constitutional law and considering their relation, the dissertation discusses three areas in which a richer and analytically sharper understanding of the principle of subsidiarity can make an important contribution to policy debates over the role of federalism and localism in law and public policy. The three policy questions addressed in the dissertation are physician-assisted suicide, FDA preemption, and school finance. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Theology.

O objetivo desta tese de doutorado é analisar a trajetória epistemológica do geógrafo Milton Santos (1926-2001) a partir da gênese e evolução de conceitos e categorias que foram pilares de seu sistema teórico. A escolha pelo autor foi pautada por sua inegável importância na história da geograa brasileira, sobretudo em seu movimento de renovação a partir de meados da década de 1970. Como partido de método, adotamos a abordagem contextual (Berdoulay, [1981] 2003) e as relações entre os eixos de análise aqui elaborados para esse m: centralidade da técnica, diálogos com a economia política e a busca pela cidadania como práxis. Nesse exercício, foi central reconhecer, nos grandes temas trabalhados pelo geógrafo, o processo de internalização de categorias externas à geograa e os contextos históricos por ele vividos durante essas mais de cinco décadas de trabalho. Partimos do pressuposto que esse processo de internalização de categorias externas à Geograa tais como, técnica, tempo, totalidade, social, formação sócio-econômica, divisão do trabalho, forma, função, processo, estrutura, objetos, ações, norma e intencionalidade, entre outras teve um papel extremamente dinamizador na releitura de categorias e conceitos internos à disciplina, como região, paisagem, espaço geográco e território,e, portanto, na construção de uma teoria geográca. Podemos armar que, embasado em mais de quatro décadas de estudos e pesquisas, o geógrafo baiano alcançou na década de 1990 uma complexa sistematização teórica. Destacamos a elaboração iniciada na década de 1970 de novos conceitos e categorias que vieram enriquecer os debates epistemológicos da geograa. Podemos mencionar a elaboração da teoria dos circuitos da economia urbana e a ênfase na necessidade do espaço geográco ser compreendido como objeto da disciplina, elevando-o à instância da sociedade. Somam-se ainda a elaboração de categorias e conceitos como formação socioespacial, circuitos espaciais de produção e círculos de cooperação, meio técnico-cientíco e, posteriormente, meio técnico-cientíco informacional, entre outros. Quanto a contribuições para um debate ontológico sobre o espaço geográco, o autor passou da noção de xos e uxos ao conjunto indissociável de sistemas de objeto e sistemas de ações (1991). Foi exatamente durante os anos de 1990, partindo do entendimento da técnica vista em sua totalidade como fenômeno técnico, que Milton Santos propôs que a Geograa fosse compreendida como uma losoa das técnicas e como uma epistemologia da existência. Elaborou ainda a categoria de território usado, proposto como sinônimo de espaço geográco. / This doctorate thesis aims at analyzing the complete epis-­ temological path of geographer Milton Santos (1926-­2001) de-­ parting from the Genesis and evolution of concepts and cate-­ gories which were the pillars of his theoretical system. The choice for this author was done based on his unquestionable importance in the history of Brazilian Geography and on the course of its renewal from the mid-­1970s on. As a methodical outset, we have adopted the contextual approach (Berdoulay, [1981] 2003) and the relations between the analisys axis that were elaborated to support them: the centrality of the technique, the dialogues with the political economy and the search for the citizenship as praxis. During this exercise, it was Paramount to recognize, within the greater themes with which the geographer has worked, the proccess of internalization of categories external to Geography and the historical contexts in which he has lived during more than five decades of work. We have assumed that this process of internalization of ca-­ tegories external to Geography such as technique, time, tota-­ lity, social instance, socio-­economic formation, labor division, form, function, process, structure, objects, actions, norm and intentionality, among others has had an extremely dinami-­ zing role in rereading categories and concepts which are internal to the discipline, such as region, landscape, geographical space and territory, and consequently in the construction of a geographic theory. We can affirm that, relying on more than four decades of study and research, the geographer from Bahia has reached a complex theoretical systematization during the 1990s. We wish to highlight the elaboration of new concepts and categories that happened during the 1970s and came to enrich the epis-­ temological debates of Geography. We can mention the formu-­ lation of the theory of the circuits in urban economy and the emphasis on the need for the geographical space to be unders-­ tood as the object of the discipline, elevating it to an instance of society. We can add to that the elaboration of categories and concepts such as the sócio-­spatial formation, the spacial circu-­ its of production and the cooperation circles, the technical-­ scientific medium (later on reconceived of as technical-­ scientific-­informational) among others. It was precisely during the 1990s, departing from the un-­ derstanding of technique, viewed in its totality as a technical phenomenon, that Milton Santos proposed that Geography should be comprehended as a philosophy of techniques and as an epistemology of existence. He has, furthermore, conceived the category of used territory, which was proposed as a sino-­ nimous of geographical space.

This thesis explores the relation between the normative structures brought to bear on the evaluation of life and the way in which the coming-into-being of living organisms is fundamentally understood. It provides a new analysis and critique of the standard concept of ‘flourishing’ in neo-Aristotelian meta-ethics, by uncovering the underlying interpretation of organismic becoming on which it relies, and showing how the turn to a ‘constructivist’ conception of development in contemporary biological theory both disrupts this underlying metaphysics, and provides resources for re-thinking flourishing on a fundamentally different basis. The central claim is that we should turn from a view in which life is given a form to fulfil, and becoming is the process of its fulfilment, to one in which living is the process of creating a way in the world, as life goes along.

Magister Artium - MA / The objective of this thesis is the translation of an original defence of Sufī practice titled al- Risālah al-Qawl al-Ma`rūf fī al-Radd `alā man Ankara al-Tasawwuf (A Kind Word in Response to those who Reject Sufism) by the Shaykh Aḥmad ibn Muṣṭafā al-`Alāwī. By translating this text it is hoped to affirm the principle that Sufism is the result of ijtihād (legal reasoning) rather than bid`ah (innovation) and that it therefore forms part of Sunnah. This chapter provides our introduction to the translated text. Section One reviews classical works in defence of the Sufis, as well as secondary sources relied upon by the translator. Section Two provides a description of the life and works of Shaykh Aḥmad ibn Muṣṭafā al- `Alāwī. Section three discusses the legacy of the Shaykh, including the contemporary state of the `Alawiyah Ṭarīqah. Section Four provides a short analysis of some of the written works of the Shaykh. Section Five evaluates the methodology of the Shaykh as a method of ijtihād. Section Six introduces the translated text that follows this chapter. Section Seven outlines the translation strategy that is followed. It also highlights unique problems encountered during translation, such as words with unique meanings and words with nuances and meanings different to that implied by the author.

有關在台階形的公共物品兩難(step-level public good dilemma)中集體失敗的心理影響的研究一直很少。本研究探討在集體失敗後反事實思維 (counterfactual thinking) 對群體成員情緒和隨後合作行為的影響。研究1確定了兩種會顯著增加失敗後合作行為的反事實思維：關注(1)個人的成果 或 (2) 群體的成果，並以自我為中心的向上反事實思維 (self-focused upward counterfactual thinking)。此外，內疚 (guilt)中介了反事實思維對合作行為的影響。我們在研究2中發現以自我為中心的向上反事實思維是否會增加或減少，取決於反事實思維中的結果導向(outcome orientation) 及其結構是否為加法式 (additive)，還是減法式(subtractive)。另外，內疚，不行動引起的後悔 (regret of inaction)和行動引起的後悔 (regret of action) 中介了這些反事實思維對合作行為的影響。我們的研究結果指出反事實思維和個別情緒在研究社會困境的重要性。 / Research on the psychological consequences of collective failure in step-level public good dilemmas has remained scant. The present research addressed how counterfactual thinking influenced group members’ emotions and subsequent cooperation after collective failure. In study 1, we identified two types of counterfactuals which significantly increased post-failure cooperation: self-focused upward counterfactuals that concerned about (1) personal outcome and (2) group outcome. Furthermore, guilt mediated the effects of counterfactual thinking on cooperation. In study 2, we demonstrated that self-focused counterfactuals predicted increase or decrease in cooperation, depending on its outcome orientation and structure (additive vs. subtractive). Guilt, regret of inaction and regret of action mediated these effects. Our findings pointed to the need of studying counterfactual thinking and specific emotions in social dilemma. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Yam, Pak Chun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-49). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.4 / Chinese Abstract (摘要) --- p.5 / Introduction --- p.6 / Counterfactual thinking in social dilemma --- p.9 / Counterfactual thinking and emotion --- p.11 / “Feeling-is-for-doing“ approach of emotions in social dilemma --- p.13 / Counterfactual thinking, emotions and cooperation --- p.14 / Overview --- p.17 / Study 1 --- p.17 / Method --- p.18 / Results --- p.21 / Discussion --- p.25 / Study 2 --- p.26 / Method --- p.29 / Results --- p.30 / Discussion --- p.34 / Chapter General Discussion --- p.35 / Implications and Contributions --- p.37 / Limitations and future directions --- p.39 / Conclusion --- p.40 / References --- p.41 / Appendix1 --- p.50 / Measure of regret --- p.50 / Measure of guilt --- p.50 / Measure of anger --- p.50 / Appendix 2 --- p.51 / Counterfactual manipulations used in Study 2 --- p.51

This thesis presents a comparative account of the theory of fetishism and its role in the social constitution and constituent properties of Marx's, Lukács', Adorno's and Lefebvre's theories of social domination. It aims to bring this unduly neglected aspect of fetishism to the fore and to stress its relevance for contemporary critical theory. The thesis begins with an introductory chapter that highlights the lack of a satisfactory theory of fetishism and social domination in contemporary critical theory. It also demonstrates how this notion of fetishism has been neglected in contemporary critical theory and in studies of Marxian theory. This frames the ensuing comparative, historical and theoretical study in the substantive chapters of my thesis, which differentiates, reconstructs and critically evaluates how Marx, Lukács, Adorno and Lefebvre utilize the theory of fetishism to articulate their theories of the composition and characteristics of social domination. Chapter 1 examines Marx's theory of fetish-characteristic forms of value as a theory of domination socially embedded in his account of the Trinity Formula. It also evaluates the theoretical and sociological shortcomings of Capital. Chapter 2 focuses on how Lukács' double-faceted account of fetishism as reification articulates his Hegelian, Marxian, Simmelian and Weberian account of dominating social mystification. Chapter 3 turns to Adorno's theory of the fetish form of the exchange abstraction and unpacks how it serves as a basis for his dialectical critical social theory of domination. Chapter 4 provides an account of how Lefebvre's theory of fetishism as concrete abstraction serves as the basis for a number of theories that attempt to socially embody an account of domination that is not overly deterministic. The critical evaluations in chapters 2-4 interrogate each thinker's conception of fetishism and its role in their accounts of the genesis and pervasiveness of social domination. The conclusion of the thesis consists of three parts. In the first part, I bring together and compare my analysis of Marx, Lukács, Adorno and Lefebvre. In part two, I consider whether their respective theories provide a coherent and cohesive critical social theory of fetishism and of the mode of constitution and the constituents of social domination. In part three, I move toward a contemporary critical theory of fetishism and social domination by synthesising elements of Lukács', Adorno's and Lefebvre's theories with a model of social constitution, reproduction and domination modelled on Marx's account of the Trinity Formula.

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